1、1. 中國服飾文化指的是中國的漢族和各少數民族的傳統服飾文化。中國是一個有56個民族的國家，由于受到各民族文化、傳統和地理特征的影響，各民族的服飾風格各不相同。另一方面，中國各民族在穿衣風格上也互相滲透并互相影響。服裝式樣是各民族的重要標志。各民族服裝的變化顯示了其經濟生活、宗教信仰、理想信念、審美情趣和風俗習慣的發展。Chinese costume culture refers to the traditional culture of costumes of the Hans and the minorities. China is a country consisting of 56 n

2、ationalities, and each of them has its own clothing style with distinct ethnic characteristics due to the influence of different cultures, traditions, and geographical features. On the other hand, they have influenced and learned from one another in the way of dressing. Dresses are the important sym

3、bols of the nationalities. The changes of clothing manifest the development of an ethnic groups economic life, religious belief, ideology, aesthetic consciousness and customs.2. 中國的餐桌禮儀最重要的原則是“食不言”。吃飯不講話被認為有益健康。但若是參加社交的宴會(banquet)，不語就失禮了。社交宴會上的座次和上菜次序很復雜。每上一道菜要由尊者或長者先食，他一般坐于桌首位置。開飯后要盡量坐得靠前，以免掉落食物弄臟衣

4、服，吃的時候盡量不要發出聲響。此外，喝湯的時候不可過快，應盡量小聲。The most important role of Chinese table manners is to remain silent while eating. Not talking over meals is supposed to be good for the health. It is impolite if people do not talk to each other during a social banquet. The table arrangements and serving order for

5、a social banquet are extremely complicated. Each dish should be tasted by the eldest person who is seated at the head of the table. The diners should sit close to the table so food wont drop on their clothes. Try your best not to make noise when chewing. One should drink soup slowly and is not suppo

6、sed to make a lot of noise.3. 在中國，動物被賦予了獨特的象征意義。例如：在中國傳統文化中，金魚象征財富。中國人過春節(the Spring Festival)時，最常見的年畫(New Year Picture)就是一個大胖小子懷抱一條大金魚，取意“富裕和諧”。在中國的傳說中，蝴蝶象征著戀人之間至死不渝的愛情。虎在中國文化中是尊貴、力量和勇氣的象征。在某些少數民族(ethnic minority)文化中，人們認為燕子成對出現能夠帶來美滿婚姻與幸福生活。In China, animals are endowed with special symbolic meanin

7、gs. For example, the goldfish means abundance of gold in traditional Chinese culture. In the Spring Festival, one of the most popular New Year Pictures is a plump baby holding a large goldfish which represents both wealth and harmony. Chinese legend has it that the butterfly symbolizes an undying bo

8、nd between lovers. The tiger is seen as an emblem of dignity, power and courage. In the culture of some ethnic minorities, the presence of swallow in pairs is a blessing, which signifies happiness to a marriage and good luck to a family.4. 隨著經濟全球化的深入發展，產品質量和食品安全日益成為全球性問題。對于國內外消費者對產品質量和食品安全的反映和訴求，中國政

9、府高度關注。我們認為，即使存在萬分之一的不合格產品，也有可能對消費者構成百分之百的危害。經過多年堅持不懈的努力，中國的食品質量控制和食品安全監督水平有了很大提高。With the fast development of economic globalization, product quality and food safety have increasingly become a global issue. The Chinese government shares the concerns of both Chinese and foreign consumers about the pr

10、oduct quality and food safety. We are keenly aware that if 10 000 products are sold, just one defective product that finds its way to market will harm the interest of the consumer who buys it definitely. Thanks to the efforts over the years, China has improved a lot in strengthening product quality

11、control and food safety supervision.5. 1978年以來，中國的農業技術得到了很大的改善。中國引進了高產農作物，增加了農用化學品和農業機械的用量，擴大了灌溉面積。農村地區的耗電量增加了6倍多。近年來，中國在農業和食品工業研究方面取得了巨大進步。例如：早在20世紀90年代中期，就啟動了一個大型國家生物技術項目。中國的研究中心從那時起就開始研制先進的生物技術，如合成DNA技術。China has significantly improved its agricultural technology since 1978. Our country has intro

12、duced high-yield crops, increased its use of agro-chemicals and agricultural machinery, and expanded irrigation area. Rural electricity consumption has increased more than sixfold. In recent years, China has made great advance in agriculture and food-related research, for instance, a major national

13、biotechnological program was initiated as early as the mid-1990s. Chinese research centers since then have begun to develop advanced biotechnological tools, such as recombinant DNA technology.6. 微博(microblog)的實質是一種“超短網絡日志”，即在網頁上按照時間順序排列個人信息的一種記錄形式。微博的最大特點就是利用網絡空間，發表自己的觀點和主張。2009年新浪微博的推出使得微博一時間成為網絡世界

14、的新寵。現在，至少70%的網民都是微博用戶，微博也正在成為一種越來越重要的文化載體甚至社會載體，以至于眼下的時代被稱為“微博時代”。The core of the microblog is a kind of “short network diary”, namely, a recording form of displaying the personal information on the web page chronologically. The biggest characteristic of the microblog is to use the network to expres

15、s ones point of view. In 2009, with the introduction of Sinas microblog, it became the new favorite of the virtual world in a short time. At present, at least 70% of the netizens are microbloggers. It gradually becomes a more and more important cultural carrier or even social carrier, so that the cu

16、rrent era is called “The Era of Microblog”.7. 中國的大多數銀行現已能夠提供完全可靠的、功能齊全的網上銀行業務，不收取或只收取少許費用。隨著越來越多的銀行網上業務的成功以及越來越多的客戶登陸它們的網站，網上銀行業務很可能變得像自動柜員機一樣普及。許多網上銀行網站現在還提供先進的工具，可以幫助你更有效地理財。目前，銀行業面臨的挑戰在于如何使客戶樂于學習使用并信任這種新型的服務渠道。The majority of banks in China are capable of providing completely reliable and multipl

17、e functional online banking service, free of charge or of little charge. With an increasing number of successful online banking businesses and more log-ins of online customers, multiple functional online banking services could probably become as widespread as ATM machine. Many online banking webs al

18、so offer advanced tools to help you to manage your finances more effectively. The challenge that the bank industry is confronted with today lies in how to get customers be willing to learn to use and trust this new-style service channel.8. 教育是人類文明進步與繁榮的重要標志，是經濟社會發展的重要動力源泉。在人類的歷史進程中，教育承擔了不可替代的使命和職能，發

19、揮了重要的作用。早在兩千年前，中國古代的一部經典著作大學(The Great Learning)就曾提到，大學的宗旨，在于彰顯人類自身的美德，重塑他人，追求達到至善至美。這一教育思想千百年來薪火相傳，至今仍展示著其蓬勃的生命力。As an important driving force for economic and social development, education signifies the progress and prosperity of human civilization. In the course of human history, education undert

20、akes an irreplaceable obligation and plays a vital role. The Great Learning, a classic written in ancient China as early as 2 000 years ago, advocates that the way of great learning lies in the illustration of illustrious virtues, the remoulding of people, and the pursuit of ultimate goodness. This

21、educational thought has been handed down over generations for thousands of years, demonstrating its vigorous vitality up till now.9. 今天中國幼兒園里的大多數孩子都是獨生子女。他們機靈、好學、想象力豐富、精力充沛，但往往以自我為中心，不守紀律，而且比較脆弱。一般來說，剛進幼兒園的4至6歲的孩子都是以自我為中心的，但9至10歲的孩子則表現出有自制力、不怕挫折的優點。因此我們的教育強調集體主義( collectivism)、互助友愛，鼓勵孩子們自己照顧自己，并且教育他

22、們與人分享的好處。Today, most kids in Chinese kindergartens are the only children of their family. They are clever, studious, and full of imagination and energy. However, they are usually self-centered, undisciplined and more vulnerable. Generally speaking, children aged from 4 t0 6 having just entered kinde

23、rgarten are egocentric, while children aged from 9 t0 10 demonstrate the quality of self-control, being not afraid of setbacks. Therefore, our education program attaches great importance to the collectivism, mutual help and love. Children are encouraged to look after themselves. They are also taught

24、 the benefits of sharing with others.10. 各種慢性疾病(chronic diseases)已經成為影響中國人健康的主要隱患。隨著錢包越來越鼓，中國人的生活方式也發生了巨大的變化，其中包括飲食上的變化和向城市遷移(migration)，這也使得中國人的健康面臨極大的風險。衛生部( Ministry of Health)的數據顯示，高血壓 ( hypertension)和肥胖癥已經成為導致中國人死亡的主要原因，目前超過2.6億的中國人患有慢性疾病。Various chronic diseases have become the major health ch

25、allenge for the Chinese. With fatter wallets, the Chinese lifestyles have changed dramatically, including changes in diet and migration to cities, which has put the populations health in peril. Major causes of death have shifted to hypertension and obesity, and now more than 260 million citizens in

26、China suffer from chronic diseases, according to data from Chinas Ministry of Health.11. 杭州是浙江省的省會，是中國四大園林城市之一，有著“人間天堂”的美譽。它位于長江以南，錢塘江下游(lower reaches)，氣候溫和，四季分明。杭州因美麗的風景而出名，其聲望主要來自西湖。早在1982年，西湖就被確定為國家風景名勝區。西湖位于杭州市市中心，舊稱錢塘湖，宋代始稱西湖。它以秀麗的湖光山色和眾多的名勝古跡聞名中外，是中國著名的旅游勝地。Known as “Heaven on Earth”, Hangzhou

27、 is the capital of Zhejiang Province and also one of the Top Four Garden Cities in China. It is situated in the south of Yangtze River and on the lower reaches of the Qiantangjiang River. It has a mild climate with distinct seasons. Hangzhou is renowned for its scenic beauty, and earned its fame bec

28、ause of West Lake. As early as 1982, West Lake has been selected as national scenic spot. Lying in the center of Hangzhou City, it was called Qiantang Lake in the past. From Song Dynasty, it has been known as West Lake. As a celebrated tourist attraction, it is famous at home and aboard for the natu

29、ral beauty of lakes and mountains, as well as numerous scenic spots.12. 石林位于云南省昆明市東部，是世界著名的旅游景點。石林，就是石頭森林的意思，那里有各種奇形怪狀的石頭，有的像人，有的像鳥，有的像牛。這一地區以喀斯特地貌(karst topography)聞名于世，面積廣達350多平方千米，共有7個風景片區。該地區還流傳著一些美妙動人的傳說，撒尼族著名愛情故事“阿詩瑪”就出自這里。中外游客都非常向往石林。The Stone Forest, located in the east of Kunming City, Yunn

30、an Province, is a world-famous tourist site. The Stone Forest, which means the forest of stone, has numerous curiously shaped rocks, some of which look like human, some look like bird, and some look like ox. This place, covering an area of more than 350 square kilometers, is famous for karst topogra

31、phy, and is divided into seven scenic areas. Here also circulate some beautiful legends, one of which is Ashimas love story from Sani People. Many tourists from all over the world are looking forward to visiting the Stone Forest.13. 中國歷史上洪災頻繁，而且造成的危害十分嚴重，季風氣候是主要原因。自公元前206年至公元1949年，有記載的大水就有1 092次，平均每

32、兩年就發生一次大災。20世紀令人記憶猶新的大洪水就有4次。1931年長江發大水，奪去了42萬人的生命。與之類似的大水還發生在1954年，1991年和1998年。這三次洪水淹沒了大片的農田，沖走了無數的財富，只是生命損失相對減少了。Chinese history witnessed frequent floods, which were mainly caused by the monsoon climate and led to severe consequences. From 206 B. C. to 1949 A. D., a total of 1 092 floods were rec

33、orded, that is to say, one serious flood happened every two years. The 20th century has already gone through four memorable floods. In 1931, the flood in the Yangtze River took away the lives of 420 000 people. Similar floods occurred in the years of 1954, 1991 and 1998. The three floods submerged l

34、arge areas of farmland, washed away countless wealth, just with comparatively fewer casualties.14. 中國始終奉行獨立自主的原則。對于一切國際事務，都從中國人民和世界人民的根本利益出發，根據事情本身的是非曲直，決定自己的立場和政策，不屈從于任何外來壓力。中國不同任何大國或國家集團結盟，不搞軍事集團，不參加軍備競賽，不進行軍事擴張。中國反對霸權主義( hegemonism)，維護世界和平。中國認為，國家不分大小、強弱、貧富，都是國際社會一員。China has all long adhered to

35、the principle of independence. With regard to all international affairs, China will, proceeding from the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of the world, determine its stand and policy in the light of the rights and wrongs of the matter, without yielding to any outside pressu

36、re. China does not form an alliance with any big power or group of big powers. Nor does China establish military blocs with other countries, or engage in arms race and military expansion. China opposes hegemonism and safeguard world peace. China believes that all countries, big or small, strong or w

37、eak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community.15. 中國的烹飪藝術不僅限于滿足人們的口福那么簡單，它還強調體現食物的審美價值，所做菜品應該色、香、味俱全。菜品的色澤必須讓人賞心悅目，而色彩的協調在菜品制作的過程中就已經了然在心了。菜品中不同層次的味道也應像菜品的各種顏色一樣保持協調。中國菜有五種基本的口味：酸、甜、苦、辣、咸。烹調時切忌出現令人不快的氣味，或某一種氣味蓋過了其他氣味。中國的烹飪藝術大致包含四個方面：配料的挑選、刀工和裝飾、火候的把握和烹調方法。The art of Chinese coo

38、king has always extended far beyond the simple need to satisfy the stomach. Attention is also paid to the aesthetic appreciation of food, and careful consideration is given to the aroma and appearance of a dish as well as its flavor. The color of a dish has to be satisfying to the eye, and the balan

39、ce of colors is kept in mind during its preparation.Different tastes should balance each other as the colors do. The Chinese cuisine is based on five tastes. They are: sour, sweet, bitter, hot, and salty. The sense of smell is satisfied by avoiding all unpleasant smells, as well as those strong ones which might dominate the rest. Chinese cooking art basically includes four aspects: the