1、 unit eleventelegrams and telexesi. introductionntelegrams and telexes can send messages and data directly between two parties, and make transaction in international business efficient and convenient. since time element means a great deal to the buyers and sellers. telegrams and telexes are used to

2、transmit urgent messages of all kinds. nowadays, with the development of communication, telegrams are rarely used, but the language used is still having effects on business documents.1. telegramsnonce, transactions in international business are discussed in detail through airmails. when telegram was

3、 introduced, it quickly took over the job of airmails. actually, telegrams are letters in a highly compressed form, so the abbreviations and the compounding are used to serve the purpose. here is a brief introduction of telegrams.1.1characteristics of telegramsn(1) combinations, abbreviations and tr

4、ansformations are often used to reduce words in message of telegrams.n combinations:nassoonas: as soon as bankrate: bank rate n abbreviationsna/c account acpt acceptns/c sales confirmation tks thanksn transformationsnhurry uprush, expeditenas soon assoonest 1.1characteristics of telegramsn(2) no pun

5、ctuation marks or symbols are used in the message of telegrams, we usually use natural words to replace or explain them. for example:n, comma abc abc underlinedn. stop & and 1.1characteristics of telegramsn(3) some words, such as the first personal pronouns, the verb “be”, the particle “to”, the

6、 articles “a”, “an”, “the”, some auxiliary verbs and most prepositions are often omitted.n(4) present participles and past participles are used to show the future tense and the finished actions respectively. for example:na. sseastwind sailing direct yourport midaugust (= the steamship “east wind” wi

7、ll sail directly to your port in mid august.)nb. shipping space booked (= we have booked the shipping space.)1.2 kinds of telegramsn“plain language telegrams” and “code language telegrams” are the two main kinds of the commercial telegrams. nthe code language telegrams are written in commercial code

8、s, such as acme and bentley, and now they are only used by a few traders who are accustomed to use it. 1.2 kinds of telegramsnthe plain language telegrams may be classified into three types: ordinary, urgent, and letter telegrams. however, since january 1, 1980, letter telegrams have not been accept

9、ed in most countries and areas. so, only the ordinary and urgent telegrams are widely used in the world. nan ordinary telegram can be sent to the receiver within 3-4 hours, while an urgent telegram can reach the destination even quicker with an even more expensive charge. 1.3 charge of telegramsntel

10、egrams are charged by the number of words transmitted, the class of telegrams sent, and the localities destined for. natural words (e.g.: meeting, conference, invoice), abbreviations (e.g.: abv, info, exchr) and compoundings (e.g.: bestoffer, cablereply twodozenof ) are all “words” in telegrams, eve

11、ry ten letters can be counted as a “word”. if the number of letters in a word is more than 10, but less than 20, it must be counted as two “words” in the telegrams, for example, “sewingmachines” can be counted as two words.1.4 structure of a telegramnthe english telegrams mainly consist of three par

12、ts:n(1) receivers name and addressna. maggie jones110 east 25th street newyork, ny, usa.nb. kens cheese house 34 chatley avenue seattle, wa98765 (the telegram is sent to an organization, so the telegraphic address or the name of the organization should be used.)nc. (urgent) kens cheese house 34 chat

13、ley avenue seattle, wa98765 (if it is an urgent telegram, the word “urgent” should be placed before the telegraphic address.)1.4 structure of a telegramn(2) body of the telegramncheese price acceptable willorder provided shipment endofmay plsreply bycablen(3) senders name or telegraphic addressngarm

14、ex cn (上海服裝進出口公司，garmex is the receivers telegraphic address; cn is the name of the country where receiver resides)2. telexesntelex is the short form of “teletypewriter” and “exchange”, compared with telegram, which is more effective and economical. the telex equipment is installed in the subscriber

15、s office. through teleprinter set, messages can be sent to or received from foreign countries. due to the quick and convenient service, telex has been widely used in the international business in recent years.2.1 characteristics of telexes n(1) telex can make the calling and the called parties pract

16、ically “talk on paper”. moreover, since the telex equipment works automatically, it can receive messages with the machine left unattended, and the messages received at night may be first dealt with the next morning. n(2) abbreviation, ellipsis and transformation are used to simplify words and phrase

17、s in the message of telexes, but combinations are generally not used, each word is separated by a space.2.1 characteristics of telexesn(3) in the message of telexes, either punctuation marks (except ; ) or symbols (except $, %, , ) or words comma, stop, etc. can be used, but using punctuation marks

18、is more common.n(4) in the message of telexes, several matters can be stated either one after another preceded by aaa (or 111 or a, or 1), bbb (or 222 or b, or 2) etc., or passage without any preceding signals.2.2 kinds of telexesntelexes can be divided into two kinds, one is written in natural word

19、s as a short letter, and the other is rather brief somewhat like a telegram in simplified words. 2.3 charge of telexesntelex is charged by the time engaged in transmission. the minimum charge for a telex is fixed on the basis of one minute. about 400 letters can be transmitted every minute. 2.4 stru

20、cture of a telexnthe structure of a telex is different from that of a telegram; it generally includes the following parts.ntelex no. _nurgent or top urgent _ndate _n(to) receivers company and country _n(from) senders company and country _nour ref. no. _nattention line (atin) _nsubject of the telex (

21、re or sub) _nbody of the telex _nthe complimentary clause _nthe closing clauses _nname, title & telex no. _ntime _ii. procedure of drafting a telegramnwhen drafting telegrams, we have to bear in mind the three cs, i.e. clearness, conciseness and courtesy. never use two words if one word will do.

22、 a telegram should always be concise. of course, we should never omit a word at the expense of clearness. clearness should always be put in the first place. when necessary, the word “please” may be added. always be polite, a telegram must not sound like an order or a command. this would offend your

23、customers. therefore, special care must be taken to see that the words used are correct and will not cause any misunderstanding to the recipient.nthe procedure recommended for beginners to follow in drafting telegrams consists of four steps as outlined below:ii. procedure of drafting a telegramn1.ma

24、ke a concise draft of what you want to say in a telegram.in order to save expenses, we should reduce the number of words in a telegram to the minimum necessary for transmitting the most essential part of the message, leaving the less urgent particulars, explanations, etc. to a supplementary letter,

25、if necessary.n2.adjust the wording of your message and cross out the words that the addressee can easily supply from the context.ii. procedure of drafting a telegramn3.substitute as far as you can short words, compounds and abbreviations for longer words and phrases.n4.combine the words, abbreviatio

26、ns, etc. in your final draft into groups consisting of not more than 10 letters or 10 characters comprising letters, figures and signs.iii. specimens of telegramsninquiryninterested 2000mteach redbeans greenbeans 19 crop inbulkand gunnybags stating indetail descriptn originnoffernsewmachine butterfl

27、y nosupply offering instead 200sets standardbrand usd20cif singapore juneshipmt cable replynno goods availablenyljuly5 northchina sheepskins unavailable revertingncounter offernyljuly16 pricehigh plsreduce bytwopctiii. specimens of telegramsnconfirmationnyc16aug wwritgpaper 10mt octshipmt confirmed

28、plsrushl/cnpressing for l/cnorder589 goodsready plsrushlcnasking for l/c amendmentnlc1859 plsamend allowing transhipmtnabout shipmentnlc103 shipped ssdatong sailing 20inst plsinsurenshipping advicensc9988 foreverbikes shipd15may ssvictory etaendmaynclaimnorder13 brassbeds arrived dullfinish useless

29、plsreplaceiv. how to compose telexnteletypewriters print in capital letters only. they can not underscore any words, and the keyboard does not contain certain signs such as dollars and ampersand. when drafting telex messages, we should bear the above in mind.nas we know, telex calls are charged on a

30、 time basis. to minimize the cost of telex transmission, therefore, we should learn to make the message as brief or concise as possible, using short words that require less time in transmitting.nto sum up, the following are the techniques recommended for beginners to follow in composing commercial t

31、elexes:iv. how to compose telexnomit unnecessary articles, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, linking verbs, conjunctions, prepositions, punctuation marks, etc.nuse prefixes and suffixes such as un-, in-, de-, dis-, non-, mis-, under-, counter-, over-, -ing,-ed, -able, -y, -al, -ible, -ment, -tion, -sion, -

32、ful, etc. to make the message brief.nshorten the message by structural devices.iv. how to compose telexna.substitute phrases with single words, e.g.nif = in the event ofnb.substitute clauses by participles, e.g.none clnt enqr reqstg gnrl infrmtn re sew machinen(one of our clients sent us an enquiry

33、in which he requested general information regarding our sewing machines.)nc.delete unnecessary words and rewrite the message, e.g.nwl cncl contract unless rpl rcvd endjun.n(we are afraid that the contract will have to be cancelled if your reply does not reach us by the end of june.)nd.use different

34、forms of the verb to convey the meaning of certain actions.v. specimens of telexesnpls adv costs n buildg term if v place odr for electric typewriter yr end.nwud it be possibl prchse steel plate n if so when cld dlvry be expectd also desire know value of prchse price.nv qte subj cfmn on sharp aircon

35、ditioner tirol ah22-bif at l350/unit cif ldn shpt w/i 5 wks aft rept odr lc.nabv ofr vald two wks endg jun 4 5pm but any imp tariff change yr risk n a/c.v. specimens of telexesnre yr mdl45 pls discnt 30 pct as simlr prodts sold here abt 15 dlrs lower than yrs can sell over 200 per month if abv discn

36、t given.nyt df-1005 feb/5 universe x yr bid 10 pct cut on our ofr to usd 5000/unit cif sf is interable to us bcaus ours is best psbl price but in view need to dvlp our mkt in yr town n jpns dull exp trade acptg yr bid this once hope ear conclsn of cont rpl soon.ntks yt jun 30 acptd our ofr under 5pc

37、t cutterms x upon study agrd to yr bid n imdtly prepared sales note which v maild today pls find it in odr rpl soon.v. specimens of telexesnyr may 6 odr 100b/s silk prodts has been loadd on ss chiming etd qingdao jun 10 hope they wlb found in odr upon arvl x cy iny b/l ins policy to be maild later w

38、ith cfmn ltr tks.ntks yt nov 20 color tv sunrise 18 model a-3x yr bid usd 800/unit cif sf acdg mkr a perilous price riskg loss under present high yen exch rate usd180 so sugst incr of yr odr fm 30 to 40 x if u agr ready yr bid rpl soon.nrgrt shpt yr odr 30 stero sets project 770 has been put off to

39、may v found no apr vsl avlbl for ny n had no choice but hold goods in jpn for one month deeply apologz such delay which pls ack.vi. exercisesn1. translate the following telegram into chinese:1.yc25 kraftpaper 10m/t shpmtaug accepted other items working2.yc18 bicycle confirmed sewmachine reverting3.p

40、lscable sewmachine licence position awaitglc4.lc1414 shipped s/sredsea etaendoct plsinsure writing5.lc1218 pls amend 2000pair topead 2000dzpair vi. exercisesn2. transcribe the following into telex messages, using as many abbreviations as you can:1.we are interested in purchasing 175 forever brand bi

41、cycles, type ul18. we wish to have a quotation, with discount, cost plus freight and insurance to genoa. please inform us of delivery date and payment terms.2.goods under your order no.736 are ready for dispatch. unfortunately we have not yet received your packing instructions. please inform us of y

42、our shipping marks and packing requirements in detail by telex.3.we need replacements for the goods in case no.17 under order no. 185 which were shipped per s.s. mersey. the goods are badly damaged, but we dont know the cause yet. we shall let you know as soon as we have the surveyors report.supplem

43、entary material: fax and e-mailni. introductionnfaxes and e-mails are contributing a lot to the international business. as buyers and sellers are residing in different countries and separated by thousands of miles, convenient, quick and economical elements all should be taken into consideration in i

44、nternational trade, and faxes and e-mails can just meet these needs.1. faxesna fax (short for facsimile and sometimes called telecopying) is a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line. it is the transmission of scanned-in printed material (text or images), usually to a

45、 telephone number associated with a printer or other output device. a fax machine consists of an optical scanner for digitizing images on paper, a printer for printing incoming fax messages, and a telephone for making the connection. 1.1 characteristics of faxesn(1) the fax is a digital form, and th

46、e information is transmitted as electrical signals through the telephone system. the receiving fax machine reconverts the coded image and prints a paper copy of the document. n(2) fax machines are convenient and simple to use, all you need to operate is a telephone. when you are sending a message, y

47、ou just need dial the telephone number at the receiving terminal and push the transmit button.1.1 characteristics of faxesn(3) fax machines have no keyboard, so you should prepare the message on a typewriter, computer, or word processor and add any graphics before putting the finished document on th

48、e fax machine.n(4) fax can be communicated as fast as international phone call and telex. it is a 24-hour service and the message can be received unattended. n(5) compared with the telegram and telex, the language in a fax is just the same as a letter, it does not need to use abbreviations.1.2 charg

49、e of faxesnsince the fax has its own scanner and printer, and it is operated by a telephone. the charge is depended on the time a message is printed. the transmission of one page is cheaper than telex.1.3 layout of a faxna fax consists of two parts: fax heading and fax body. the body of a fax may fo

50、llow the layout of a formal business letter, it ends with the signature of the sender, but unlike a letter, the salutation and complimentary close are normally omitted. fax heading usually includes the following parts: nrecipients name/titlen company name of recipientn senders name/titlendate of sen

51、dingnfax numbernsubject linennumber of pages2. e-mailsne-mail stands for “electronic mail”; it is a method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. with the wide use of the internet and the development of the electronic business, most people like

52、to do business on the net and e-mail is widely used in modern business circles.2.1. characteristics of e-mailsn(1) e-mail is the most effective means of transmitting messages through the computer net work, and it makes you get the message in a few seconds and reply at once as if you are having a con

53、versation on the phone.n(2) if you want to use the e-mail, you must have an e-mail address. this address must have letters and dots and a “” (meaning “at”). this is what an address looks like: email . you can write a message, type in the receivers e-mail address, and then send the message across the

54、 internet. people dont need to use stamps, envelopes or go to the post office since the invention of the internet. 2.1. characteristics of e-mailsn(3) e-mail messages can be stored in the computer system, if the users do not cancel them. n(4) an e-mail is to be brief, clear and to the point and it s

55、hould fit into one screen. if you want to send long or complex documents, you should attach them to the message. n(5) an e -mail is much less formal than a written letter. emails are usually short and concise, abbreviated verb forms (hes, were, hed, etc.) can be used here. a simple “hello” is adequa

56、te if you are writing to someone you dont know. when writing to someone you know well, feel free to write as if you are speaking to the person. 2.2. charge of an e-mailne-mail is much quicker and cheaper than sending an ordinary letter. the receiver only need a computer equipment to accept ones mess

57、age, once the equipment is in place, there are usually savings in copying, long-distant delivery, and other traditional costs.2.3. layout of an e-mail ne-mail messages do not have an all-agreed-upon format yet; most e-mail messages contain the following parts:nto: the receivers e-mail box （收件人）nfrom

58、: the senders e-mail box （寄件人）ncc: courtesy or carbon copy （被抄送人）nbcc: blind carbon copy （被暗抄人）nsubject （事由）nbody （主體部分）nsignature （簽名）nattachments (添加附件處)ii. specimens of faxesnfax 1nto: peter wang from: sally liu n abc co. ltd. xyz co. ltd fax: 12345678 fax: 87654321 telephone: 12345678 telephone:

59、 87654321 pages: 1 date: september19, 2007 subject: about l/c cc: jerry huang dear mr. wang,nthanks for your order by fax today.nas mentioned in our catalog, shipment is to be made within 5 days after receipt of the l/c. we can maintain the price for each item until the end of this month, which is also mentioned in the catalog. therefore, unless the l/c is opened in time, we will have to quote you a