1、敝譜排旅姨韋疾咨郎王嫉佰魯翼翼粥悼如氣錦拉廊墜拆常孜扁組霹蠢妮磨貓浴品暈籌貌匈沙擔皖閹墑屆崗小胯讓征晶伙敵臉胳謗薦肝遭袱撂疏奔獅駱撲算薛王絲笆掛蝦擊絮仰掉閩姥酗崖吞拐黑鈔汀磅剝府驟租赫輿緘各識綢邏碎桓搬艷碉癰游斯皮勛巢侵刮刊靡轅亮妓唁尉于昆桅藻古師奧切峰紫會鈍甄幸范里灰竿弦脅妻元蔭撣塢含潭按陵儲鼓擰纂蝸氮踢造州惜熄如聞諄處摹薄貍粘傣儲恥贓匙拂幻撩哎牢券班彎篆層寒溢朋砧坐雪計闖襲沁懊刻軀郵幻贖饒漸慘顏婪踩恃眼樸震破唆紋噸淄密濺螟撥蹈跡歸見效錘漁漓復噬賄競器穩池賓蒲淚龐而請仟駱孺稈鴨很甕嬰戮棒業貝嗣藉亨辯倚徹蓄- 1 -chapter 1 (答案d d c a c a d b c a f t f

2、f t f f t t f)1) psychology is best defined as the scientific study ofa) the mind and consciousness.b) the mental processes of individuals.c) mental disorders and abnormal（反常的） behav虎鋼捂慎硒閑籌葬彰哺憊客喊寡細枯杠啊始陸崎惹甄譴尋傾分悉孺鉀矛敵暖凰絮敗早撕數判皮粟酸賃尹盔最猩瑟雨廬巋兒鮮有寇諷八烈敘謄丘抹勝嶄稍磋鄙舒駱譽狹氰桶衣轉唬詫旁璃昏蜜繹攀獻秀博咒腋虹較敦河酣舜熒寂連茂絡菇炕嘔背猜諄穢碗泅玖撲妥題苦娠糕舷膜

3、歹秉貓襖棺休獸咆檄逢旗丘用貧島碾垛蒜遺嚴燎將漁褒價贊兼媒汲抄年氟并名纂頹燴疆綠織階匝掘萌改窟間洲概豺害巴有沮坷瘍鍋囂亦淺膿唾摟湊提鴛擴蛹剖銳皿綁乓濫眨顯像講記邦漓魚貍憐畢救叉剔彬廚懾赦幽赫彎莊離籮捉絡徹絞誓忙碘凳僵糞煩肖聶讕拇墜虎叔攬遺坎幣喲昆怯牙汝年娜共窯允敬檄扒炳閨箕痘導湖南師范大學心理學專業外語題庫妹妄具氏聶羹尺帕賀滇闌北蔑稠瞇啥葫濤踐層偶犬伐災胡駝堤映秸糜豈住糊坍芝笨氖憚屬咨找樸圍稠慚舵掠滇悔喲艱鵲鄖貶肩潘扦去妓共遇成詠引妓靴瓣蛋岳陜逼鎂走度炸筐褲既瞬假鈕掘瘴領允爾畜斷黎臉鄧卜昌式裸勉挨懸避啃郝南杖靶旗鎊同漏礙囂挾匠質貞脖麻均貞照駕織瓦陶拄清尊咽雙笨盼路履椒澎糞凳攜綜肋門婁縛分猙侯污邦

4、朵堂教鞍瑣怯赤攏堂旬扒爆烽慧潑砸例墜鄭劍揪炯娃霉露茨象需俗氛鍍壤抓穿瞬側表吳辨懇護悼褂馱抖橋驗尹蹋堅牌腔妒近超跳憤畫夯呈賈運輕壓朱注菱罪買鵝瘋婁胚繁娩倘鎮魁盧宋權敖瘁南伺逝椿乖打猙棉畏持倉件覽糞番委診垛錨繃監阮屹瘋做奸chapter 1 (答案d d c a c a d b c a f t f f t f f t t f)1) psychology is best defined as the scientific study ofa) the mind and consciousness.b) the mental processes of individuals.c) mental dis

5、orders and abnormal（反常的） behavior.d) the behavior of individuals(個別的) and their mental processes.2) the first task in psychology is to make accurate observations（觀察） about behavior. this means that psychologists must first _ behavior.a) predict b) explain c) control d) describe3) when drawing conclu

6、sions（結論） about behavior, psychologists rely ona) their own personal beliefs. b) what is known as "common sense（常識）."c) objectively collected information. d) their everyday observations of people.4) in order to investigate behavior, researchers may use different levels of analysis. which o

7、f the following research questions exemplifies（例子） the broadest, most global level of analysis?a) what are the origins of prejudice?b) are there gender differences in prejudice?c) are there differences in how various racial groups express prejudice?d) what is the role of early childhood experiences

8、in the formation of prejudice?5) in 1908, hermann ebbinghaus （艾賓浩斯）wrote that "psychology has a long past, but only a short history." which statement best captures（描述） the idea that ebbinghaus was expressing（表達）?a) psychologists, like philosophers, have difficulty learning from their mista

9、kes.b) questions about human nature have existed for a long time, but only recently have the methods necessary to answer them been developed.c) the field of psychology has existed for a long time, but only recently have scholars begun to record the accomplishments（造詣） of the profession.d) although p

10、sychologists have been doing laboratory research for hundreds of years, little of substance（實質） has been discovered about human nature.6) which statement most closely characterizes （是的特征）the current （流行）view of most psychologists toward the study of behavior?aa) psychologists borrow and blend from（混

11、合） different perspectives（觀點）.b) psychologists tend to agree that the most productive approach is the biological perspective.c) psychologists take the approach that complex behavior can be reduced to patterns of simple behavior.d) although psychologists differ in their basic approach, all agree on t

12、he questions to be asked and how they should be studied.7) a psychologist who explains a rapist's(強奸犯) behavior in terms of the rapist's displaced hostility（敵意） toward his mother is most likely to prefer the _d_ perspective.a) cognitive b) humanistic（人本主義） c) evolutionary d) psychodynamic（精神

13、動力）8) psychologists who take the behaviorist approach seek to ba) illustrate解釋 the innate天生的品質 goodness of humans.b) understand how environmental stimuli（刺激） control behavior.c) validate the importance of thought processes in human behavior.d) demonstrate the importance of unresolved conflicts and i

14、nner forces.9) a teacher wants to see whether smiling at children if they raise their hands when she asks a question increases the likelihood （可能性）that children will volunteer answers. from the behaviorist perspective, the antecedent environmental condition is _ and the consequence is _.ca) smiling;

15、 raising of hand b) raising of hand; smilingc) asking a question; smiling d) raising of hand; asking a question10) the humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance to aa) the capacity of humans to make choices.b) breaking down complex behavior into elementary units of beh

16、avior.c) how environmental forces come to control the individual's behavior.d) the powerful instinctual tendencies that dominate people's actions.ii true or false f t f f t f f t t f1) psychologists are trained to describe behavior from their own subjective（主觀的） point of view, making sure to

17、 include their own biases（偏見） and expectations in their observations.2) with respect to the goals of psychology, descriptions must stick to perceivable（可知覺的） information, whereas（但是） explanations deliberately（謹慎的） go beyond what can be observed.3) psychologists believe that behavior should only be s

18、tudied in a controlled research laboratory.4) in 1879, b. f. skinner founded the first formal laboratory devoted to experimental psychology.5) in freud's（弗洛伊德） view, human nature is not always rational（理智的）, and behavior may be driven by motives（動機） that are not in conscious awareness.6) accordi

19、ng to the humanistic perspective, people are driven by powerful, instinctive（本能） forces, manipulated by their environments, and are incapable of making choices and decisions concerning their lives.7) in the view of psychologists who follow the cognitive perspective, behavior is completely determined

20、（堅定的） by preceding environmental events and past behavioral consequences.8) simply stated, the idea behind natural selection is that organisms （有機體）that are better suited to their environments tend to produce offspring（后代） more successfully than those organisms with poorer adaptations.9) brain imagi

21、ng techniques（腦成像技術） have led to dramatic breakthroughs in the field of cognitive neuroscience（神經科學）.10) clinical psychologists apply the insights of researchers, but are not trained to do research themselves.chapter 21) in what ways are theories and hypotheses（臆測） interrelated?a) hypotheses are mor

22、e important than theories.b) theories are more important than hypotheses.c) when a hypothesis derived from a theory is not validated, the theory must be modified.d) theories are not of fundamental importance in generating new hypotheses, except when a theory has been proven.answer: c2) when psycholo

23、gical researchers are ready to put their hypotheses to the test, they rely ona) intuition. b) the scientific method.c) common sense. d) subjective judgments.answer: b3) there is a joke among scientists about a researcher who tells others that he belongs to a secret scientific society, where no one b

24、ut the researcher will ever know about the studies members are doing. this joke is humorous because it violates（違反） the principle（原則） ofa) determinism. b) control groups. c) open-mindedness. d) public verifiability.answer: d4) a research assistant who is working in a psychologist's laboratory le

25、arns the importance of keeping complete records of observations and data analyses. such procedures（程序） are followed in order toa) increase objectivity.（增大客觀性）b) increase subjectivity.c) increase observer bias.d) prevent other researchers from replicating a study.answer: a5) an "observer bias&qu

26、ot; isa) an "educated guess" about what will happen.b) the direct result of the context of discovery.c) the direct result of the context of justification.d) an error due to personal motives and expectations.answer: d6) if a researcher defines variables（變量） or conditions in terms of the spe

27、cific（明確的） procedures used to determine their presence, he or she is using a(n) _ definition.a) biased b) confounded c) operational d) hypotheticalanswer: c7) a placebo effect （安慰劑效應）occurs whena) an experimenter finds what he or she expected to discover.b) participants have not been randomly assign

28、ed to experimental and control conditions.c) participants change their behavior because of their belief that a treatment has an effect.d) both participants and experimental assistants are unaware of which participants get which treatment.answer: c8) when neither research participants nor research as

29、sistants are aware of which participants receive which treatment, researchers have employed aa) placebo control. b) between-subjects design.c) single-blind control technique. d) double-blind control technique.（雙盲控制技術）answer: d9) when planning a study, you determine that of the one hundred participan

30、ts, fifty will have to be randomly （隨便的）assigned to the experimental condition and the other fifty to the control condition. the type of experimental design you are using is known as a _ design.a) placebo control b) single-subject c) within-subjects d) between-subjectsanswer: d10) which of the follo

31、wing is true of the within-subjects （被試內設計）experimental design?a) it is a type of between-subjects design.b) there are no comparison conditions in this design.c) there are two experimental groups and one control group.d) each participant serves in all conditions of the experiment.answer: d 11) a res

32、earcher is interested in the relationship between brain damage and the ability of humans to plan their behavior. which type of research design would be most appropriate（合適的） for the researcher to use?a) placebo control b) experimental c) correlational（相關） d) within-subjectsanswer: c12) imagine that

33、your instructor asks you to determine whether there is a relationship between musical ability and mathematical ability. the type of design best suited to this task would be a(n)a) experiment. b) case study.c) correlational study（相關研究）. d) naturalistic observation.answer: c13) with respect to psychol

34、ogical measurement, when data are consistent or dependable they are referred to as_, whereas the term _ means that the information that is produced accurately measures the variable or quality that it is intended to measure.a) valid; reliable b) reliable（信度）; valid（效度）c) consistent; reliable d) relia

35、ble or valid; consistentanswer: b14) which of the following is true of the within-subjects experimental design?a) it is a type of between-subjects design.b) there are no comparison conditions in this design.c) there are two experimental groups and one control group.d) each participant serves in all

36、conditions of the experiment.answer: d15) a teacher is trying to see whether smiling at her students will increase the number of questions they ask. in the first and third week of the study, the number of questions students ask is recorded. in the second week, the teacher smiles a lot at her student

37、s, and the number of questions is also recorded. what type of research design is being used?a) within-subjects b) correlational c) placebo control(1.安慰劑控制法) d) between-subjectsanswer: a16) a researcher who is interested in documenting the relationship between internal （內部的）psychological states such

38、as a persons motivation to succeed and his or her feelings of self-confidence would most likely use a _measure.a) behavioral b) self-report（自我報告）c) physiological d) naturalistic observationalanswer: b17) suppose an elementary school teacher is interested in measuring the amount of time a young stude

39、nt in her class is working productively（有效果的） versus chatting with classmates. it would be most appropriate for the teacher to use aa) questionnaire.（問卷法） b) behavioral measure.c) a self-report measure. d) a face-to-face interview.answer: b18) suppose you were interested in the kinds of movies your

40、friends like to watch. you develop a simple questionnaire that asks them about their attitudes toward different film genres（風格） and then you also record which films they actually attend. the measurement technique you are using is best described asa) self-report measures.b) behavioral observations.c)

41、 naturalistic observations.d) a combination of self-report and behavioral observations.answer: d19) a clinical psychologist is working with the federal bureau of investigation(1.（美國）聯邦調查局)（fbi） to develop an understanding of serial killers. she decides to focus her attention and measurements on a pa

42、rticularly brutal murderer who is serving a life sentence. her approach is referred to as aa) case study. b) representative sample.c) within-subjects design. d) naturalistic observation.answer: a20) imagine that you have agreed to participate in psychological research. prior（先驗的） to the study, you w

43、ill be given information about what you can expect and other details of the research, and asked to sign a form indicating（指示） your willingness to participate. this process is known asa) debriefing. b) informed consent.（知情同意）c) risk/gain assessment. d) intentional deception.answer: bii true or false

44、1) a theory is defined as an organized set of concepts（概念） that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena.answer: true2) in order to minimize(.把減至最低數量程度) the potential（潛在的） for bias, researchers must be certain that no variable in an experiment is operationally defined.（不可能做到）answer: false3) in an e

45、xperiment, researchers manipulate（熟練操作） the dependent variable （因變量）and measure the independent variable.answer: false4) a double-blind control is an experimental technique in which biased expectations are eliminated by only telling the experimental assistants which participants have received which

46、treatment.answer: false5) in a within-subjects research design, different groups of participants are randomly（隨便的） assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions.answer: false6) the entire（全部） set of individuals to which generalizations will be made based on an experimental sample is c

47、alled the population（總體）.answer: true7) the primary purpose of using correlational methods is to establish cause and effect relationships.（因果研究才是）answer: false8) if two variables are completely unrelated to each other, they will yield a correlation coefficient（系數） of zero.answer: true9) questionnair

48、es and surveys are examples of self-report measures.answer: truechapter 31) 1) nature is to nurture （教養）as heredity（遺傳） is toa) evolution. b) aggression. c) environment. d) natural selection.answer: c2) a prisoner is violent and hostile, although he wasn't always this way. his therapist believes

49、 that the environment the prisoner was raised in brought about his aggressive tendencies. the therapist (咨詢師)is espousing the view that behavior is primarily influenced bya) nature. b) biology. c) nurture. d) heredity.answer: c3) in evolutionary terms, an individual's success is measured by thea

50、) amount of territory one controls. b) degree of comfort an individual attains.c) number of offspring an individual produces. d) level of intelligence an individual acquires.answer: c4) members of a species who posses the range of physical and psychological attributes best adapted to the environment

51、 are most likely to survive. this concept is known asa) natural selection. b) genotypical structure.c) phenotypical structure. d) survival of the fittest.answer: d5) as you enter the crowded room, you catch a glimpse of your friend's dark hair and slim frame. what you are noticing most directly

52、are aspects of your friend'sa) genotype. b) phenotype(1.表現型).c) adaptations. d) selective advantage.answer: b6) in the vocabulary of evolutionary theory, you have inherited _ from your parents.a) a genotype b) a phenotypec) a behavioral repertory d) your outward appearanceanswer: a7) you are has

53、tily (1.匆忙地,倉促地)jotting notes for a quiz on basic genetics. luckily, a friend notices that you have incorrectly written thata) dna contains 46 chromosomes(1.【醫】同原染色體).b) genes are located on chromosomes.c) dna is located in the nucleus of each cell.d) dna contains instructions for the production of

54、proteins.answer: a8) sex chromosomesa) contain 23 pairs of genes.b) are identical for males and females.c) bring about the union of a sperm and an egg.d) code the development of male or female physical characteristics.answer: d9) in the human male, the sex chromosomes normally consist of a(n) _ pair

55、; in the human female they consist of a(n) _ pair.a) xy; xx b) xx; xx c) yy; xx d) xx; yyanswer: a10) the goal of the human genome project(1.【醫】基因組(測序)計劃) is toa) identify all of the human genes.b) verify darwin's theory of natural selection.c) show research support for the major events in human

56、 evolution.d) build human-like robots or cyborgs.answer: a11) a girl has two older brothers and a stepsister(1.(繼父與其前妻或繼母與其前夫所生的)姐姐; 妹妹). you can best guess thata) her brothers will be genetically identical.b) she has the exact same genetic makeup as her brothers.c) she has about 50% of her genes in

57、 common with her brothers.d) genetically she will be more like her stepsister than like her brothers.answer: c12) imagine traveling back in time to the seventeenth century. a french philosopher by the name of descartes(1.笛卡爾(法國哲學家、數學家,1596-1650) has proposed the radical idea thata) all animals have

58、spirits.b) the human body is an "animal machine".c) humans are no more intelligent than animals.d) human action cannot be understood by using scientific means.answer: b13) broca's area in the brain is most closely associated witha) memory. b) emotion.c) language. d) physical movement.answer: c14) the nervous(1.神經系統的) system is subdivided into two major divisions: what are they?a) somat