1、Chapter 7 RepetitionRepetition of the same word, expression or structure is more natural in Chinese than in English.“in Englishthe repetition, that is to say, is more or less abnormal” -FowlerGenerally speaking, what is repeated in Chinese may in many cases be substituted, varied or omitted in Engli

2、sh.1. Ours is no longer a nation subject to insult and humiliation.（substitution） 我們的民族再也不是一個被人侮辱的民族了。2. An electron tube is generally used for amplification, and vacuum tube is another name for this device.（variation）電子管通常用來放大，真空管則是電子管的另一名稱。3. We should decide what to commend and praise, what not t

3、o, and what to oppose. (omission)我們必須決定什么是應當稱頌的，什么是不應當稱頌的，什么是應當反對的。Grammatical repetitionRepetition often results from differences in grammar or usage of the two languages. What is usually substituted or omitted may often be repeated in Chinese And this repetition can help to achieve clarity in mean

4、ing of the translation. Repetition of the modified1 . I v e r y m u c h a d m i r e y o u r determination to strengthen Chinas economy and to ensure that the fruits thereof are enjoyed by masses who uphold Chinas socialist construction. 我非常欽佩你們決心增強中國經濟，并決心保證從事社會主義建設的人民群眾能夠享受經濟發展的成果。Repetition of the

5、 modifierI identify myself as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United States. 我自認為我既是一個批評聯合國的愛護者，又是一個愛護聯合國的批評者。We need materials which can bear high temperature and pressure. 我們需要耐高溫和耐高壓的材料。Repetition of the verbs common to several objects1. We have come here to express our gratitude

6、 and the friendship, complete solidarity that unite our two peoples. 我們來這里是為了表達我們的感激之情，也為了表達連結我們兩國人民的團結和友誼。Repetition of the prepositions common to several objects1. The solid friendship between our two countries took shape during our protracted struggle against colonialism, hegemonism, and o u t m

7、o d e d r e l a t i o n s h i p s . 我們兩國之間的牢固友誼是在我們反對殖民主義，反對霸權主義，和反對舊式關系的持久斗爭中形成的。Repetition of the substituted or omitted verb One can not learn to produce a sound from an explanation only, or get a correct idea of a flavor from a description: a sound must be heard, a color seen, a flavor tasted, a

8、nd odor inhaled. 人不能只從講解中學會發音， 也不能光靠描述中真正體會某種滋味：聲音必須耳聞，顏色必須目見， 滋味必須口嘗，氣味必須吸入。Repetition of the noun in Chinese for the pronoun in EnglishWater evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is slow.溫度高，水蒸發得快；溫度低，水蒸發得慢。Translation from English into Chinese is not as easy as that fr

9、om English into French. 英譯漢不如英譯法容易。Rhetorical reduplication and repetition In translating from English into Chinese, expressiveness can be heightened by reduplication or repetition of characters or words to achieve beauty in structure and in rhythm. (英譯漢，重疊和重復的使用能增強譯文表現力，達到“結構美、節奏美”)Examples1. The s

10、treet of New York were brilliant with moving men. 紐約的大街上人來人往，五光十色。2. Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. 歡迎他的只有幾下輕輕的、零零落落的、冷冷淡淡的掌聲。3. There were no sounds but that of the booming wind upon the stretch of tawny herbage around them , the crackling wheels, the tread of the men, and the footsteps of the two shaggy ponies which drew the van. 那時候只聽見車輪轔轔， 腳步沙沙，拉車的兩匹鬃毛蓬