1、英語句子的成分 一、英語的詞性 1、實詞：名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數詞 2、虛詞：冠詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞 二、成分 1、主要成分：主語、謂語 2、次要成分：賓語、表語、定語、補足語、狀語、同位語 三、各種成分的應用 1、主語：做主語的為：名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞性物主代詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞及主語從句。 例如：1、This book is mine. 2、I teach English . 3、Two and two make four . 4、thats his book , mine is here. The old are taken good care of in

2、the nursery. To learn English well is very important. Fishing is my favorite . When and where we are going to have our meeting is not decided. 2、謂語：說明主語所做的動作和具有的特征與狀態。 由實意動詞與系動詞表示，系動詞與表語一起構成謂語。 He enjoy listening to music . He has gone to Beijing . We are students . 3、表語：說明主語的身份、特征和狀態。它位于系動詞（be /bec

3、ome/get/grow/turn/seem/go /come感官動詞的系動詞look/ sound/feel/smell/taste）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、 數詞、不定式、動名詞、副詞、介詞短語與及表語從句。 Our English teacher is an American . This book is his The days are getting colder and colder . The class is over . The machine must be out of order . His job is to teach English . The tru

4、th is that he has never been abroad. 4、賓語 賓語表示動作的對象和承受者，一般位于及物動詞與介詞的后面。作賓語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句。 I met him at the station yesterday . I want to go to the park this weekend . He enjoys listening to music. Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun . Three times three makes nine . 注：雙賓語

5、的用法 有些動詞后有兩個賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。 He gave me a book yesterday . My father bought me a new bike last week . 五、賓語補足語 英語句子中，有些動詞除過有一個賓語外，還需一個補足語才能將動詞的意思表達清楚，整個句子才能完整，這個詞就是補足語。賓語補足語可為：名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞（現在分詞與過去分詞、介詞短語及從句。 His father named him Lidong . We often pain the wall white . Open the window and let the

6、 fresh air in . You mustnt force him to lend his money to you . We can see the children playing on the play-ground. We find everything in order . We will soon make our city what your city looks like now . 六、同位語 同位語用來修飾句子的主語和賓語，常可用：名詞、形容詞、代詞及從句。 All the people, young or old ,men and women, like watch

7、ing the football match. Mr wang ,our English teacher, is our good friend . Give the letter to your father himself ,please. I will do it myself . The news that China has succeeded launching shengzhou 11 excited us . 七、定語 修飾名詞，常可為：名詞、代詞、數詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式 動名詞、分詞及從句。 a tea cup Xian is a beautiful city . Ch

8、ina is a developing country, while American is a developed country . His rapid progress in English made us surprised . Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom . The teaching plan for next term has been worked out . The man who is talking with my father is my headteacher. 八、狀語 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和整個句子，說明動作、狀態特征及伴隨情況。 作狀語的有：名詞、副詞、介詞短語、形容詞、分詞及從句等。 Light travels most quickly . He has lived in the city for 20 years .