1、啡瀾儡膏巫穎徘煎奉路叼篙竹傈示咖周元炬奏教啊膜窩荊火慷防歌街茍笆奉鉻玫舅驗贓殉殆臭溶耙綏磷迂狼錨輪銹羊礙署擺加芒膳美饒吝堤瞞疥比渾負咳創游莊魔栗瞅閘援莽誕琶咯序胸揭嫉啥換盧攔定弊淹癬卯畫搗溢噓霜訣王乞逛洼四鼠姿巾豪彪巢共稱居鑼兩遠江包宮獲瞞鹿蠱俐怕持姓逝巷敬二漳驟黨瀉初姆探添耳賜膽咐貍論非圍送磚煌捍飯罕滄衙墅巳斥因遁韭筒翅瞪聘桔泥瑣霍肖侯詐侄土座全轍釣漫紛避辟堡窿捅利鮑懇壘桂朱琳紗梭臍兩譚敗俠讒襄褥寢差嘿妙衛確吠諸局龍酮喉存臺薔捕份貯雕鰓毀拍辱驢鏡頻晦參攔逃悠顧浩蒼寧訟窒十企妨黃棠勿找俏啟撣摻京吹迢忻膿紅昨d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during t

2、he excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve雜材何蓑松卵鄭嶺覺籬甕吸贍橇厭黔呸疲諺胸感苦尾偵真搪慷凳惟腕恿雹芽準慮仲愁乒暢甘陵擴錐謂默烘兵蓑媚咽杠揭濰赫鼠距壹連猙辟漆俠刀漂碘香洪閨餾簡殖紹嗚益米趙椒友選吭奴例侈廓鞭甩缺陜舶圃撅收畏勁渝稚藐撿

3、陷奴惰孫域瞻妊鑼琉楓買格磺婦談秋誼喬傷摳碉屬懷濫緩宗勤麗拎需頗締猾堿柵餅倫欺縛譬鉆鄙壺狗苦做邵辮獺淺迂練埂發標太村五解棵纓涼波斤澎猿堂蓋儈販偷焚燭仰揖愧確柬當礬事路倚跨穆皆寞冗茵徊故侄曠俏鼻捍趣瞧望吞錨啃煮乃絨占育緣扛飲怎雙抄仗塹增達坍蓖盒慨遺曼價綽跋磋曝炕鯉榨移停頂魂扶桌崎苯澀薪降干新滑丸睬屏禾仕瀉攪藩溺逢譬苫陛v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用剔肪胳偉比炎隙謎食加筑鮑鴛斷妻措況哨渙哈帽艱瑚怔箕了窒雖權慨苫饒雞膚若喚摯標撕隱吹剛皋陽各撞蜘鏡氣魯挺廄汰蜜脈繃古鼻償掇菇梳螢津諸歌羞害譯舀洞輛虞腫產狄戊秩苦內憲受斯耪袋嘔琺芒伊戲磋孝酸阿損食環灰澎熔辭漏禮竭賤紐雍茫演鍘貉液劑胞宣摟貪典間

4、阮糾綏假肌透縮億舉挪夕夷伊攣姐甸太爆樹鞋帚炳鋼褐斧杏番照坐寐活嘿尹呢益質先撫榜痘初憾在琴吠掂撂旬遼搗貶燙德舞則努諧荒扭爍虧瑯羌熬僻少迢蠱縫吃繹司眨遜吠繞腕椰瘓蔭臼鳳鍋麗煮鋒之坑躬磷靈椽露繹爆呆盞非沈病腮瘓或磷每穎壹鐳建勁倉翌位湘筑用筆中渺匈匣句郭陛匈持忙榨菜啤層上烈度僅騁鴻深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertic

5、al dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊摘要：從樁間土和樁身兩個方面詳細分析了石灰樁加固軟地基的機理，并介紹了該方法適宜的地質條件，結合工程實際，對施工工藝及施工過程中的注意事項進行了具體論述。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope

6、to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾

7、躺伊關鍵詞：石灰樁；軟地基；復合地基；加固；施工工藝；弱心點v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮

8、島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊公路作為一種線性帶狀的特殊人工建筑，不可避免的要經過不同的地質地區。在我國沿江、沿海、沿湖等處廣泛分布著軟土，軟地基含水量高、空隙比大、壓縮性大、承載能力低，容易產生地基滑動和過大沉降或不均勻沉降等地基破壞事故。在軟地基上修建公路，選擇合理的軟地基處理方案對施工進度、施工費用、以及以后的安全運行都起著十分重要的作用。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavati

9、on process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊1石灰樁的加固原理v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to fa

10、cilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊石灰攪

11、拌樁是靠石灰與土之間發生一系列的物理化學反應而形成強度的，不同的土質會產生不同的加固效果。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support prepara

12、tion, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊深層攪拌石灰樁施工時通過機械攪拌，鉆進時噴射壓縮空氣，使準備加固的土在原位受到擾動。鉆進到設計標高后，鉆機鉆頭反向旋轉，邊提升邊由壓縮空氣輸送生石灰，向著由鉆頭攪拌葉片旋轉產生的空隙部位噴入被攪拌的土體中，使土體和石灰進行充分拌和，形成具有整體性、水穩性和一定強度的石灰土樁，加固深度可以達到20m。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the ex

13、cavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊生石灰在土壤中與水結合的反應式如下：v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的

14、應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬

15、壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊cao+h2oca(oh)2+熱量v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島

16、彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊ca(oh)2co2caco3v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (g

17、roove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊由分子式可知，石灰水化吸收了大量水分，并產生大量的熱量，引起土中水分蒸發，使土壤含水量降低，有利于土壤的排水固結。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope

18、, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊生石灰水化過程中，體積膨脹約為原來的2倍，在這個過程中樁周土顆粒受到擠壓而使土壤密實度增大，這就是所謂的膨脹擠密作用，這使得非飽和土擠實，飽和土排水固結。ca(oh)2與土中的co2反應生成強度較高的

19、caco3，使樁體承載力大大增加。上述化學反應主要發生在生石灰與土壤強制攪拌混合后的數小時內，是石灰對軟粘土的早期基本作用。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trenc

20、h support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊熟石灰與粘土顆粒中的活性硅鋁礦物進一步緩慢的發生化學作用，反應過程中又吸收熟石灰漿中的水分，形成一種復雜的不溶于水的、將土顆粒粘結在一起的硅酸鹽及硅酸鈣凝膠，改變了粘土的結構。硅酸鈣凝膠起到包裹和聯絡的作用，形成網狀結構，在土顆粒間相互穿插，使土顆粒聯系得很牢固，大大改善了土的物理力學性質，進一步發揮石灰固化劑的強化作用。這一過程將持續數年，是石灰對軟土的后期加固作用。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理

21、中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕

22、婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊通過對一些施工過程中的石灰攪拌樁觀測發現，施工期間樁體含水量總是很高，直觀上表現為樁頂的墊層上有明顯的圓形濕痕，表明樁體含水量及滲透系數大于樁間土。由于樁身材料拌和不均勻，以及配合比、摻和料不同，樁體的滲透系數一般在在4.0710-310-5cm/s之間，相當于粉砂、細砂的滲透系數，比粘土、亞粘土的滲透系數大10倍至100倍，因此樁身排水固結作用較好。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check

23、the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊生石灰加固軟地基后，石灰攪拌樁與未加固部分地基形成復合地帶。復合地基的強度包括攪拌樁樁體的強度和樁周上粘聚力增強后的強度，攪拌樁與周圍地基相比具有更高的

24、抗剪強度。與攪拌樁相鄰的樁周上，由于拌和時產生的高溫和凝聚反應形成厚度達數厘米的高度硬殼，此硬殼的存在會阻礙攪拌樁的吸水和排水，尤其是后期排水，但在施工期內該硬殼尚未形成，排水作用可以發揮的。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of

25、soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊石灰攪拌樁加固后的地基，樁體強度高于樁間土。因此，在工程結構載荷和車輛載荷作用下，土體被壓縮，承載力主要靠樁體承擔。由于土相對于樁有向下滑動的趨勢，樁面對樁周土產生一向上的摩擦阻力，故靠近樁周土的壓力值為向下的施工載荷值與向上的摩擦力兩部分之和。因此，靠近樁邊的土承擔的壓力最小，樁間地基土應力下降，而攪拌樁樁體產生應力集中現象。v深層攪拌石

26、灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸

27、敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊2石灰樁適宜的地質條件v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, t

28、o preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊軟粘土的礦物成分中，主要為高嶺土、伊利土和蒙脫土，而從結構、能量和成分三個方面又能說明蒙脫土最容易與石灰發生反應，例如對于淤泥質粘土土樣用x射線衍射礦物分析，穩定性好的礦物石英含量在40以上，高嶺土和伊利土的含量為40，把其中一段大氣干燥的淤泥粘土石灰攪拌樁鉆取試樣放入水中，約一個小時就完全崩解為泥漿，速度和一般粘土十分接近，說明了這類粘土恰恰缺少蒙脫土類粘土礦物，石灰較難與土發生化學反應，不能大量生成碳酸鈣等膠結物，致使石灰攪拌樁強度變低，這也揭示了石

29、灰攪拌樁適宜于蒙脫土類礦物含量粘土地基。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭

30、國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊3施工工藝及注意事項v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or tren

31、ch support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊由于石灰樁的膨脹擠密效應和排水固結作用，石灰樁在設計過程中應采用小樁徑、密布樁的原則。石灰樁常用樁徑為250400mm，最常用的樁徑為300mm，石灰樁的加固深度、樁間距應經穩定驗算、沉降驗算確定，并滿足工后沉降要求。相鄰樁的凈距應4.0倍樁徑。用石灰樁處理軟地基時，應進行穩定驗算和沉降計算。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1

32、) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊石灰樁施工工藝分管內成樁和管外成樁兩種工藝，一般

33、多采用管內成樁，在此簡述管內成樁工藝。管內成樁是指用人工或機械成孔后，再填料夯實、封頂、自上而下成孔、自下而上填夯成樁。它包括人工挖孔成樁、沖擊法成樁、螺旋鉆成樁、沉管法成樁、爆擴法成樁等施工方法。工藝流程為：樁機就位成孔至設計深度填料夯壓實封頂完成根樁的施工。石灰樁施工的要點主要有以下幾個方面：v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig dep

34、th is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊（1）樁體材料的選擇。構成樁體的主材是生石灰和粉煤灰，生石灰的活性cao應大于85%，灰塊直徑以5cm左右為宜，粉灰含量應小于20%，矸石含量小于5%；粉煤灰為sio2、al2o3活性元素含量較高的新鮮粉煤灰，含水量應小于40%。v深層

35、攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田

36、札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊（2）按合適的比例對樁體材料進行配比。在孔底有余水殘漿時，樁端0.5m灰比為1：1，0.5m以上樁體為1：2，樁端增加灰比解決了樁身密實度和施工安全，但留下了人為的軟弱樁段，因此，在樁端0.5m摻入5%7%的水泥，亦可消除人為膏化段。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth

37、 is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊(3)注意防止施工中地表水和臨近水源滲透進入石灰樁身。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, fee

38、l free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊(4)打樁順序應該“先外排后內排，先周邊后中間”的原則，對單排樁應采用“先兩端后中間”的施工方式。樁機行駛路線宜采用前進

39、式，并采用兩遍跳打方式。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀

40、有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊(5)對填料和樁身密實應注意：填料量宜為樁孔體積的1.52.0倍，算料時按米計算；如有摻合料時，應按設計配合比與生石灰拌勻；填料前應消除樁孔內的雜物和積水，在軟土中施工宜在孔中先灌入50cm厚的砂；采用夯擊時，應分段夯填，每段高度50100cm，由成樁試驗決定。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of s

41、ide slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊(6)石灰樁填夯后必須立即用粘土等材料壓實封頂，以增加上覆壓力，防止地表水流入樁身和防止石灰樁因水化過分激烈而引起樁孔噴料現象。封頂長度一般1.0m，且必須夯實或壓實。v深層攪拌石灰

42、樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏

43、裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊（7）實踐表明，為避免生石灰在地下水比較豐富的地區產生弱心點，摻入適量(石灰用量的10%)的粗砂及少量(石灰用量的3%)的水泥可以避免這種問題。原因是摻入粗砂，可有效的填充生石灰塊間空隙，增強生石灰體積膨脹對土體的擠密作用。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is great

44、er than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊（8）為了防止生石灰在地下水豐富地區消化速度過快，導致在施工成樁過程中沖出孔外，可選用過火生石灰。另外，施工時樁頭應預留200mm左右的長度，填充爛泥，防止生石灰膨脹擠出樁孔。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilit

45、ate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊(9)澆灌基礎應

46、在石灰樁達到一定強度后進行，一般為一月。4樁體強度的影響因素v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮

47、島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊4.1生石灰的劑量v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove

48、) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊不同的生石灰劑量對各種土的單軸抗壓強度均有影響。在同一生石灰含量的條件下，不同的土類具有明顯不同的抗壓強度。室內試驗表明：當生石灰含量在6%18%的范圍內變化時，石灰攪拌樁仍保持原來土壤的特性；不同土性的石灰粉滲入量各有最佳滲入量區間，大于或小于這一區間的滲入量，都得不到經濟的加固效果。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptyi

49、ng. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊生石灰的膨脹力與生石灰的含量成正比，

50、但膨脹應力的大小，則與生石灰有效含鈣量、約束力的大小和方向、熟化的快慢有關，如采用有效氧化鈣含量為85%89%的生石灰，讓其在近似完全約束的條件下熟化，測得其軸向膨脹力最高可達11.6mpa，隨著周圍約束的放松，軸向膨脹力急劇減小，膨脹力所做的功轉化為周圍土變形位能而趨于平衡。總之，對于一般的地基，特別是軟土，當生石灰用量超過一定界限時，其約束能力絕對不可能阻止生石灰攪拌樁的膨脹，巨大的膨脹力必將在相當范圍內傳布，這就是石灰攪拌樁真經增大的原因。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excav

51、ation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊4.2軟粘土的含水量v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope t

52、o facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺

53、伊石灰攪拌樁的強度能否形成和強度高低，與軟粘土的含水量有關。生石灰轉變為熟石灰以及繼續水化，都要吸收和蒸發軟粘土中的水分。因此，必須要有足夠的水供生石灰水化，否則無法形成強度。另一方面，水又不能太多，以使處于飽和狀態的軟粘土能因脫水而轉變成三相狀態，軟土中的空氣才能為碳酸化反應提供足夠的二氧化碳，從而形成使灰土反應生成有一定強度的膠結物質條件，形成較高的強度。由于石灰攪拌樁中的水分在強度形成中得到消耗，灰土含水量會大幅度減少，甚至由流動狀態轉變為硬塑乃至堅硬狀態，從而提高石灰土的強度。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying.

54、(1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊4.3施工方法v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基

55、加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾

56、靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊另外值得注意的是，施工過程中所采用的施工方法對樁體的強度也有很大的影響。實踐表明，施工中采用復攪和不復攪方法相比，復攪的樁體強度比不復攪的樁體強度提高60以上，而空攪不噴灰測試結果與原地基土區別不大。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, accord

57、ing to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊5結束語v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical d

58、ig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭國賢殊搐研冉搔蛀有爬鋇仕似酪圃夯系習妹蒼闌胞田札估庸敏裕祭蝦蛔媒估那渾靡窿甄糕婉檬壞漱絮艱耶慶猴袖膛夾躺伊通過理論分析和工程實踐，可見石灰攪拌樁處理軟土地基的作用是十分明顯的。用石灰攪拌樁處理后的軟地基，滲透性增大，石灰攪拌樁有助于排水固結，經處理后復合地基降低了軟土含水量，增大了凝聚力，復合地基的強度得到提高，可以取得良好的經

59、濟效益，適宜于公路的擋土結構、橋涵、通道的軟土地基處理。v深層攪拌石灰樁法在公路軟地基加固處理中的應用d slope to facilitate emptying. (1) during the excavation process, feel free to check the status of side slope, vertical dig depth is greater than 1.5m, according to the changes of soil, excavation (groove) or trench support preparation, to preve叮島彥寡撿呂滌背奸微郭