1、how to avoid chinglish in the chinese-english translation thesis statement：this paper analyzes the reasons of engendering chinglish in the chinese to english translation, and how to avoid iti、introduction ii、the conception of chinglish and root of its appearance a、factors of chinglish b、usage of voc

2、abularies in chineseenglish translation 1、chinglish often appears in the form of redundancy 2、misunderstanding of word brings about a kind of unbearable chinglish 3、similar to redundancy, unnecessary repetition also causes chinglish 4、another kind of chinglish in the form of redundancy c、the structu

3、re and its perfect in translation 1、the arrangement in short phrases is not good 2、complete ignorance or negligence of the correct syntactic structure and idiomatic collocation or usage in english also results in chinglish key words: chinglish, translation, culture, chinese, englishi、introduction ch

4、inese and english are quite different. however, when adult native speakers of chinese learn english, they tend to lose sight of the difference between the two. this is particularly the case when it comes to writing, because they have formed the habit of trying to write in english what they would in

5、chinese. as a result, chinglish, an awkward mixture in which ideas conceived in chinese are ungrammatically expressed in english, runs riot in their writing. the main cause of chinglish is, of course, the linguistic interference. to remove the negative influence of the native tongue, therefore, rema

6、ins a task of paramount important for students of english major in china.ii、the conception of chinglish and root of its appearancewhat is chinglish? it is that we create english based on the habit of chinese such as linguistic structure or even in the tradition and culture and the words straight tra

7、nslation. it is not appearing in the chinese-english dictionary. in the old times; the english learners usually hear the word “chinglish”. in qing dynasty（1840）, the british invaders brought the english to china, many people wanted to learn english, but they didnt have enough time to do. they just u

8、nderstood their physical meanings from the britishs conversations. and in the practical, they didnt avoid the influence of the mother language-chinese .so they just used fewer words to express the meanings, the chinglish was invented by them.these are some chinglish examples:give you some color to s

9、ee see!給你點顏色看看！go and look!走著瞧！good good study,day day up好好學習，天天向上go a head!去個頭！no three no four不三不四horse horse tiger tiger馬馬虎虎you ask me, i ask who?你問我，我問誰？no money no door沒錢沒門we two who and who？咱倆誰跟誰阿how are you ? how old are you?怎么是你，怎么老是你you do not bird me, i do not bird you你不鳥我，我也不鳥你kill one po

10、lice hundred殺一警百give your face, you do not have給你臉，你不要！you me you me彼此彼此one car come, one car down, two car pang pang ,one man die一輛車來，一輛車往，兩輛車“蓬蓬”，一個人死了know is know no know is no know知之為知之，不知為不知.come some music來點音樂5 talks, 4 beauties & 3 loves五講四美三熱愛watch sister表妹you give me stop!你給我站住！all examples

11、 above are not often seen now. but the chinglish also appears in ourcompositions or articles.a、because language has nationality that born with its nation and survive with it, therefore special nations have their given language: there is no language without characteristic in the world as there is no

12、race without characteristic. so, any language is not fully similar with each other, every race has its language. take a same sugar for instance, chinese call it “紅糖” just in order to distinguish with white sugar; english call it “brown sugar” because its color is brown. then why is there a different

13、 name between things of one ? the answer is that they are effected by culture gene that references humans way of thinking, the spoken way of habit, and traditional cultureetc. people who is surviving in different culture will have their given culture including the origin of history、place of nation l

14、iving, the development of society, the style of politic and economy. so, in chineseenglish translation, chinese will be influenced by their culture, languages structure and the way of thinking. chinese usually translate it in the way based on the habit of chinese such as linguistic structure or even

15、 in the tradition and culture and combine vocabularies straight translation. then we call it chinglish.b、usage of vocabularies in chineseenglish translation 出自本文作者more and more vocabulary with the feature of chinglish came out. after the reform, new vocabularies came out. they just exist in china. w

16、e did not find the corresponding words in english, so we translate them just word to word. so the chinglish came out. (1) “三講” (講學習，講政治，講正氣)chinglish: emphasize the need to study, to have political awareness and to be honest and upright.english: emphasize on three things: study, politics and integri

17、ty.(2) 國際關系民主化chinglish: international relations should be democratized.english: democracy should be practiced in the international relations. （1、chinglish often appears in the form of redundancy, which arises when students fail to understand the exact meaning of an english word. for example, chines

18、e students are inclined to say redundancy “a book desk “or “a writing desk” instead of simply “desk”. they do not know “a dance” and “a study” in english mean exactly “a dance party” and “a study room” in chinese. similarly, it is not uncommon to find the following redundant sentences in chineseengl

19、ish translation by chinese students.(1) the old man lived by catching fish. (fishing)(2) i cant afford to buy the color tv set for the time being. (afford)(3) please hurry to climb up the mountain to help him.(hurry up)(4) my mother has gone to the shops to buy things. (shopping) (肖啟芬，2004：37)2、if c

20、hinglish caused by inexact understanding of the meaning of word, as appears in the above sentences, is still understandable, misunderstanding of word brings about a kind of unbearable chinglish. lets see the following sentences.(1) when he reached his hand into his pocket for his wallet , he found i

21、t invisible.(missing; gone; lost)(2) as the price for the coat was too expensive, i cant buy it. (high)(3) hi, mary. come along. i will first send you home in my car. (take)(4) i feel very painful in my left leg. (great pain) (肖啟芬，2004：37)these sentences sound ridiculous to native speakers of englis

22、h due to the misuse of word. to keep a good englishenglish dictionary handy in, therefore, seems to be a good remedy for the above mentioned two kinds of chinglish. 3、similar to redundancy, unnecessary repetition also causes chinglish. the following repetition sentences in translation show clearly t

23、he negative influence of the native language.(1) english grammar is very difficult and few writers have avoided making mistakes in grammar.(here “grammar” should be replaced by “it”)(2) our country is a great country with a long history and a large population.(use “ours” instead of “our country” her

24、e)(3) fish must stay in water. if they do not, they will die. (use “or” to compound the sentence.)(4) he gave many reasons for his failure, but the reason he gave did not convince people. (the underline part should be “but none of them was convinced”). (肖啟芬，2004：38)to get rid of chinglish, students

25、have to be made aware that chinese is, for the most part, a logically compact language while english strictly compact in its structure. unnecessary repetition is a deadly enemy to good written english. english verbs and nouns seldom repeat themselves in the same sentences, which are why conjunctions

26、, pronouns and other substitutional or introductory words are more frequently used in english than in chinese.4、another kind of chinglish in the form of redundancy occurs when students are not taught that chinese is a verbredundant language while english a preposition-and-noun-oriented one. the foll

27、owing wordy sentences will serve to exemplify my point.(1) he ran out when it was raining hard. (into a heavy rain)(2) i looked at her and felt surprised.( in surprise)(3) the meeting ended and everybody was bitter. (in bitterness)(4) we were shown in by two young men who wore black uniform. (in bla

28、ck uniforms) (肖啟芬，2004：37)chinese students of english must be helped to discover that english prepositional phrases in many cases have the same semantic function as chinese predicate verbs plus their objects. a good knowledge of this fact will provide chinese students with a very useful means of bec

29、oming effective and idiomatic in their translation.c、the structure and its perfect in translation1、the arrangement in following examples is not good.the words：來信寫道chinglish： the letter writesenglish：the letter readsthe words：取得成就chinglish：make achievements scoreenglish：attain achievementthe words：革命

30、接班人chinglish：successors to the revolutionaryenglish：revolution successorsthe words：革命事業接班人chinglish：successors to the revolutionary causeenglish：the successors in the revolutionary cause （2、complete ignorance or negligence of the correct syntactic structure and idiomatic collocation or usage in engl

31、ish also results in chinglish.(1) the bankruptcy of his father has made him impossible to go abroad for further studies. (here “him” must be replace by “it”)(2) his english knowledge is very rich. (the correct sentence structure here should be “his knowledge of english is very rich.)(3) the “red gua

32、rd” robbed all the books of the old professor. (the right collocation here has to be “the red guards robbed the old professor of all his books.(4) i want the newest information. (idiomatically speaking, the sentence should be “i want the latest information,) (肖啟芬，2004：38)to eliminate chinglish of th

33、is sort, students should be keenly conscious of the differences in syntactic structures and word collocations between english and chinese, and adapt the chinese mind to english ways of expressing ideas.iii、three aspects in chinglishenglish translationa translation standard is summed up in信、達、雅which

34、put forward by yan fu in the 19th century, has always been a rule to the translators in translation. in this standard,信meansfaithful (to the original). obviously, faithful is the most important among the three, and it is the first responsibility to a translator. however, there are disparities betwee

35、n one language and another disparities in the lexicology, in the linguistic structure or even in the tradition and culture.how to achieve the real faithfulness in a possible sense a faithful translation in good formality with is not only the original context, but also the original form and style.to

36、achieve such an effect we should do well in two aspects. on the one hand, faithful to the original does not mean to give an equivalent correspondence to each word literally. while doing this we should take these factors into consideration idiomatic translation; the false faithfulness resulted from o

37、bligatory categories; different classifications in different cultures. on the other hand, faithful to the original also requires the translator to bring to the readers the feeling-tone of the original. however, there are disparities between one language and another disparities in the lexicology, in

38、the linguistic structure or even in the tradition and culture. and to maintain that there is always an equivalent correspondence in one language that can match the one in another is a naive thought. and what a translator should do is to try every means to achieve the real faithfulness in a possible

39、sense. that means a translation should be in good formality with the original context, form and style. and the real faithfulness includes two aspects. on the one hand, faithful to the original does not mean that a translator should give an equivalence to each word literally. what a translator should

40、 be faithful to is not the meaning of the odd words but that of the grammatical structure which is made up by these words. take a short letter for example.昨奉大函，誦悉一是。尊稿極佳，惟篇幅甚長，本志地位有限，故不克刊登，良用歉然。( is the letter written in ancient chinese and the following compares these 2 translations.translation 1:

41、i received your letter yesterday, and on reading noted all its contents. your article is very good. but it is very long, while this magazine has only limited space, so that it cannot be published. thus i have much cause to be sorry.translation 2: i received your letter yesterday. your article is ver

42、y good, but i amsorry that owing to pressure of space, i find it too long to be published.obviously, on the surface, the first translation is more faithful than the second one, for it has translated out such expressions as誦悉、一是、良用, etc. but it seems rather rigid and too formalistic. in the second tr

43、anslation, i think it is wise not to give an correspondence to each word as 誦悉一是. for since i received your letter yesterday, andididnt just receive (奉) without reading（誦）or read（誦）without noting its content（悉）, the sentencei received your letter yesterday itself has already contained the meaning of

44、 the grammatical structure誦悉一是.a 、to do well in this respect, we should pay enough attention to the following three points.first, idiomatic translation.each language has its own idiomatic way of collocations, and in most cases it is impossible to find an expression in one language that is entirely e

45、quivalent to the one in another.b 、second, the false faithfulness resulted from obligatory categories.some translations seem to be quite faithful, while in fact they are not. the reason is that each language has its own obligatory categories, which differ from language to language. for instance, in

46、english nouns have both their singular and plural form and verbs have both their past and present tense, which it is not the same with nouns and verbs in chinese. also in english, cousin means child of ones uncle or aunt, so it does not make it clear that whether this cousin is male or female, wheth

47、er he/she is elder or younger than the speaker, whether he/she has the consanguinity with the speakers father or mother. however, in china, when we call somebody表姐表弟, we point out all these characteristics. thus problems occur in translation. but as long as such obligatory categories are not just as

48、 important, we can make a brief translation. take早上好，表妹for example, a brief translationgood morning, cousin. is enough.besides, we should avoid a tendency to translate a verb into a verb, an adjective into an adjective, a noun phrase into a noun phrase, etc. it is because different language has diff

49、erent ways of expression. in chinese, we say真討厭(an adjective phrase), while in english a noun phrase what a nuisance is more often heard than an adjective phrase how annoying.a chinese adjective phrase真好玩should be translated into english as a noun phrase what fun, for the adjective phrase how funny

50、means ridiculous. since the root of可人is人(person), it may seem all right to translate it into english as personable, while the appropriate version should be lovable. sometimes, not only a translator should avoid making a verb-to-verb or a noun-to-noun translation, he should even avoid using the same

51、hierarchical structure. under such circumstances, we should make a change to its language structure. lets think about how to translate a very popular chinese saying好是好 into english? maybe someone will put it like this (as for being) good, (it) is good. unfortunately, this english version is too iii、

52、three aspects in chinglishenglish translation a、idiomatic translation. b、the false faithfulness resulted from obligatory categoriesc、different classifications in different culturesiv、languages usage in its contexta、red b、white c、bluev、how to avoid chinglish in chineseenglish translation a、most unnec

53、essary nouns in chinglish appear not alone but in short phrases, combined with articles and prepositions b、a good mastery of the comparative degree of english adjective and adverbs can help diminish chinglish c、a charge of the point of view in expressing idea form chineseinto english will help do aw

54、ay with chinglishvi、conclusion：to successfully convey the feeling-tone of the original, a translator should pay enough attention to have the primitive culture information well in handabstract: this paper analyzes the reasons of engendering chinglish in the chinese to english translation, and how to

55、avoid it. firstly it describes the conception of chinglish and root of its appearation, and explains the method from the standard of translation. a translation standard is summed up in信、達、雅 which put forward by yan fu in the 19th century, has always been a rule to the translators in translatioin. be

56、cause there are disparities between one language and another disparities in the lexicology, in the linguistic structure or even in the tradition and culture. so, the paper discusses the importance from three aspects. people from different language communities will meet cultural shock when they commu

57、nicate together. such cultural differences can cause misunderstanding among chinese and english people. so, the paper mainly elaborates on the culture differences reflecting in color words to discuss the chinglish. the last part of the paper is about the feature of chinglish and how to avoid it. it analyzes the reasons of engendering chinglish in chineseenglish translation, and it introduces the methods of avoiding it.key words: chinglish, translation, culture, chinese, englis