1、概念概念: : 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數上保持一致。主語在人稱和數上保持一致。 找出下列句子的錯誤找出下列句子的錯誤1.The police is comimg soon. 2.The sad news make me cry. 3.My shoes is new .4.The rich is going to be looked after well.5.This pair of glasses are mine.6.The first class begin at eight every morning.先測一測先測一測. makesareareareis

2、beginsLets try.1.Our class are going to hike next week Our class are big and clean .2.A speaker and writer does exercise every day. A speaker and a writer does exercise every day.Do you know the differences?3.A number of Chinese are learning English. The number of the students are forty.哪一句表達正確？哪一句表

3、達正確？主謂一致三原則主謂一致三原則1. 語法一致原則： 指主語和謂語在單復數形式上的一致關系。指主語和謂語在單復數形式上的一致關系。主語為單數形式主語為單數形式,謂語動詞用單數形式謂語動詞用單數形式;反之反之,謂謂語動詞用復數形式語動詞用復數形式. Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.2、意義一致原則：意義一致原則： 指謂語動詞的單指謂語動詞的單,復數要取決于主語所表達的復數要取決于主語所表達的概念概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標記而不取決于表面上的語法標記. 指主語形式上指主語形式上為單數，但意義

4、為復數，因此謂語動詞用復數形為單數，但意義為復數，因此謂語動詞用復數形式；或主語形式上為復數，但表示單數意義，這式；或主語形式上為復數，但表示單數意義，這是謂語動詞用單數形式。是謂語動詞用單數形式。 My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.My family is a big family. There are twenty dollars on the desk.（1）主語形式雖為單數，但意義為復數，謂語）主語形式雖為單數，但意義為復數，謂語動詞用復數。動詞用復數。My fami

5、ly (be) watching TV at 7 oclock yesterday evening.單數形式代表復數內容的詞有單數形式代表復數內容的詞有people、police、等、等。（2）主語形式為復數，而意義上卻是單數，謂）主語形式為復數，而意義上卻是單數，謂語動詞用單數。語動詞用單數。 The news (be) very exciting.復數形式代表單數內容的詞有復數形式代表單數內容的詞有news、works（工（工廠）、廠）、means和以和以ics結尾的學科名稱結尾的學科名稱physics、politics、economics等。等。 isare就近一致原則：就近一致原則：

6、指當主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時指當主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時,謂語動詞的數要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數一致謂語動詞的數要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數一致. Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 提提 示：示：一般說來一般說來, ,究竟何時采用何種原則究竟何時采用何種原則, ,應視英語習應視英語習慣用法而定慣用法而定. .但在實際使用中但在實際使用中, ,如果對上述三種如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定時原則捉摸

7、不定時, ,遵循語法一致的原則是一種遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩妥的方法比較穩妥的方法. .名詞作主語名詞作主語 1. 單數名詞，不可數名詞作主語時，謂語用單數形式，復數名詞作主語，謂語用復數形式。 The desk is Toms. Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground. 2. 2. 某些集體名詞，如某些集體名詞，如family, team, clubfamily, team, club， classclass，publicpublic， groupgroup等作主語

8、時，如果作為一等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式，如果就其中個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數形式。一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數形式。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 3. 3. 某些集體名詞，如某些集體名詞，如people, police, people, police, clothesclothes等，只當復數看待，謂語動詞必等，只當復數看待，謂語動詞必 須用復數。須用復數。 The police are searching for the t

9、hief. 4. 4. 單、復數同形的名詞如單、復數同形的名詞如 sheep, sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese fish, Chinese, Japanese 主語時，謂主語時，謂 語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數。語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 5. 5. 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數。一般用單數。 The doctor

10、s is across the street. My uncles is not far from here. 常見的省略名詞有：常見的省略名詞有：the bakersthe bakers（面包（面包房）房）, the barbers, the barbers（理發店）（理發店）, the , the ZhangsZhangs（張家）等。（張家）等。 注注: the : the 姓氏名詞的復數形式則表姓氏名詞的復數形式則表示一家人示一家人。 The Greens are having breakfast now. 6. 6. 表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復表示成雙成套的名詞作主語

11、時，謂語動詞通常用復數形式，例如：數形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pantsglasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。等。 The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table. 但如果主語用但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series ofa kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。 A pair of shoes was under the des

12、k. Two pairs of shoes were under the desk. 7 7當表示國家，城市，人名，書名，當表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報紙，雜志，及組織機構等的專有名詞做主報紙，雜志，及組織機構等的專有名詞做主語時，作為整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。語時，作為整體，謂語動詞用單數形式。 The United States lies in North America. 8 8news news ，mathsmaths，physics physics ，politicspolitics等詞貌似復數，實為單數，其等詞貌似復數，實為單數，其謂語動詞用單數謂語動詞用單數. . No new

13、s is good news. Maths is very popular in our class 連接詞連接的名詞作主語連接詞連接的名詞作主語 1 1 用用andand或或bothandbothand連接并列主語，謂語動詞連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數形式。通常用復數形式。 Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. 注：注：A A：并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物：并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或或 同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數形式。否則，用同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數形式。否則，用復

14、數。復數。 這種情況常有兩種結構形式：這種情況常有兩種結構形式： a.+n.+and+na.+n.+and+n，指的是同一個人或物；，指的是同一個人或物； a.+n.+and +a.+n.a.+n.+and +a.+n.，指兩個人或物。，指兩個人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. B B：由：由andand連接的并列單數主語之前如果分別連接的并列單數主語之前如果分別由由each, every, 等修飾時，結構是等修飾時，結構是each/every+n.+and +(each/e

15、very)+n.，其謂語動詞，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。要用單數形式。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. 2 2當主語后面跟有當主語后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, including, ,等引等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數由前面的主導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數由前面的主語而定。語而定。 (1) The teacher as well as the

16、students was reading in the library. (2) The women with two children is my aunt(3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football (4) The students ,including their teacher, are going to the brave man.(5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes soprts.(6) Mr. Li besides his sons likes sports. 3以以 eit

17、heror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等連接的名詞（代詞）作等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數應根據就近一致的原主語時，謂語動詞的單復數應根據就近一致的原則。則。 Either you or he is to go. Not one but all of us are hoping to be there. There be 結構，依據就近一致原則結構，依據就近一致原則。 There is a book , two pens on the desk.There are two pens , a book in the desk. (1

18、) Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Chinese. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these words is correct. (7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. (8) Nobody was

19、 in. 4不定代詞不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主語，作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數。謂語動詞通常用單數。 分數和量詞作主語分數和量詞作主語 1 表示時間，價格，度量、距離、金額、表示時間，價格，度量、距離、金額、書名，重量，數目，長度，數學運算等的詞或短書名，重量，數目，長度，數學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整

20、體概念，謂語用語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數形式。單數形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 2分數分數(百分數百分數)+of +名詞名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的單復做主語時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于數取決于of后面的名詞的數。后面的名詞的

21、數。 Ten percent of the apples were bad . 注意注意: population 一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單數，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復數。數，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復數。 The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants 3a number of后面加復數名詞或代詞，其動詞用復后面加復數名詞或代詞，其動詞用復數形式；但數形式；但the number of后面加復數名詞或代詞時，其后面加復數名詞或代詞時

22、，其謂語用單數。謂語用單數。 The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School is over 100. a number of them are young. 名詞化的形容詞作主語名詞化的形容詞作主語 如果主語由如果主語由“the+形容詞形容詞”結構擔任表結構擔任表示一類人或物時，謂語通常用復數，這類詞示一類人或物時，謂語通常用復數，這類詞有：有： the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb. The rich

23、 often help the poor.一、給句子填上一、給句子填上is/am/are1.There _some milk and some bottles on the table.2.Neither Jim nor Mary _ right.3.Either you or I _ going to work there.4.Not only the students but also their teacher _happy. 5.There _some sheep and a child over there.isisamisareThere be _ A _ and _ B _Eit

24、her _A_ or_ B _Neither_A_nor_B_Not only_A_but also_B_動詞動詞Thinking makes Thinking makes you cleveryou clever就近原則就近原則1.Behind the house _(be)some trees.2.Every student and every teacher _(come) to school on time in the morning.3.No man and no woman _(like) these shoes.4.He or she _(have) gone there.5.

25、What he said_(sound) reasonable.6. “I”_(be) the ninth letter.Can you work them out?Can you work them out?arecomeslikeshassoundsisTrue gold fears not the fire.找出各句中的錯誤找出各句中的錯誤1.A number of students has seen the film. 2.This kind of apples taste very good. 3.Not only my classroom but also my teacher a

26、re fond of sports.4.The Greens has returned to England. 5.Those who only thinks of themselves can never be happy. 6.When each person come in ,they must show their tickets .have tastesishavethinkcomesThink carefully7.Ten thousand pounds are a lot of money. 8.Mary likes many other girls likes dancing .9.We are Chinese . You two are German. 10.The singer and dancer look very young .11.Bread and butter are my favorite breakfast.12.Nobody but the twin sisters know the secret. I can make itislikeGermanslooksisknows 1：Each o