1、環境科學與工程專業詞匯包括環境學總論、環境地學、環境生物學、環境化學、環境物理學、環境工程學、環境醫學、環境經濟學、環境管理學、環境法學、環境教育等11大類。環境學總論原生環境primary environment次生環境secondary environment生態示范區ecological demonstrate area環境地質學environmental geology環境地球化學environmental geo-chemistry環境土壤學environmental soil science環境微生物學environmental microbiology環境危機environmen

2、tal crisis環境保護environmental protection環境預測environmental forecasting環境自凈environmental self-purification環境效應environmental effect環境容量environmental capacity環境演化evolution of environment環境舒適度environmental comfort環境背景值（本底值）environmental background value環境保護產業（環保產業）environmental production industry環境壁壘（綠色壁壘

3、）environmental barrier綠色革命green revolution可持續發展sustainable development第三類環境問題（社會環境問題）the third environmental problem懸浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收費pollution charge可更新資源renewable resources不可更新資源non-renewable resources自然保護區natural reserve area

4、防護林protection forest公害public nuisance礦山公害mining nuisance工業廢水industrial waste water礦山廢水mining drainage生活飲用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口壓力population pressure人口凈增率rate of population全球環境監測系統global environment monitoring system gems中國環境保護工作方針chinese policy for envi

5、ronment protection“三同時”原則principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxine nuisance馬斯河谷煙霧事件disaster in meuse valley多諾拉煙霧事件disaster in donora倫敦煙霧事件disaster in london水俁病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉磯光化學煙霧事件los angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件yokkaichi asthm

6、a episode米糠油事件yusho disease incident環境地學水圈hydrosphere水循環water circulation地面水（地表水）surface water水位water level下滲（入滲）sinking蒸發evaporation最高水位highest water level最低水位lowest water level平均水位average water level警戒水位warning water level流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season沖刷washout含水層aqui

7、fer隔水層（不透水層）aquiclude透水層permeable stratum層間水interlayer water承壓水（有壓層間水）confined water 或 自流水artesian water孔隙水void water巖溶水（喀斯特水）karst water徑流runoff flow地表徑流runoff地下水ground water流域保護water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水強度intensity of precipitation水環

8、境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蝕）soil and water loss點源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution擴散diffusion渦流eddy current渦流擴散eddy diffusion富營養化廢水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉積物（底質或底泥）benthal deposit總固體total solids懸浮固體suspended solids總溶解固體total disso

9、lved solids河流復氧常數constant of river reoxygenation湖泊酸化lake acidification富營養化eutrophication富營養湖eutrophic lake中營養湖mesotrophic lake貧營養湖oligotrophic lake水庫reservoir海洋處置sea disposal海底采樣sea floor sample赤潮（紅潮）red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉積物sea bottom sediment海洋傾倒ocean dumping水質water quality水資源綜合利用w

10、ater resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物評價biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水體自凈self-purification of water body水環境保護功能區（水質功能區）functional district of water environment土地處理系統land treatment system土地沙漠化land dese

11、rtification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸堿度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤鹽漬化（土壤鹽堿化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母質（土壤母質或成土母質）parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖質化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒級soil separate土壤質地soil texture緩沖作用buffering/buf

12、fer action緩沖劑buffering agent/buffer緩沖容量buffer capacity鹽基飽和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤團聚體soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤貧瘠化）soil degeneration土壤地帶性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧層ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水強度precipitation intensity大氣環境容量atmospheric environ

13、mental capacity事后評價afterwards assessment煙塵消除elimination of smoke and dust溫室效應greenhouse effect大氣擴散atmospheric diffusion煙羽（煙流或羽流）plume逆溫inversion環境生物學生境habitat耐受極限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物檢測bioassay環境脅迫environmental stress生物多樣性bio-diversity生態位niche生命周期life cycle生態型ecotype自養生物autotroph

14、y異養生物heterotroph指數增長exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative殺蟲劑insecticide殺菌劑fungicide除草劑herbicide防腐劑preservative殺鼠劑rodenticide無殘留農藥non-persistent pesticide植物性農藥phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然歷史遺產保護地world natural and historical heritage site儲量stock過度捕獲over-hu

15、nting; over-fishing獵（漁）期open season農業殘渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性實驗acute toxicity test慢性毒性實驗chronic toxicity test預備實驗screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test稀釋dilution歸宿fate生物積累bioaccumulation生物濃縮bioconcentrat

16、ion生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物營養物質biotic nutrient多污生物帶polysaprobic zone中污生物帶mesosaprobic zone寡污生物帶oligosaprobic zone敏感種sensitive species; intolerant organism耐污種tolerant species生物濾池biological filter凈化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film輪作crop

17、rotation間作intercropping套種interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防護林帶shelter belt沼氣marsh gas農家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市熱島效應urban heat island effect城市生態規劃urban ecological planning環境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors邊緣效應edge effect生態恢復ecological restoration恢復生態學restoration

18、 ecological環境化學甲基汞methyl mercury鎘米cadmium rice農藥殘留pesticide residue有機氯農藥organochlorine pesticide有機磷農藥organophosphorous pesticide氨基甲酸酯殺蟲劑carbamate insecticide擬除蟲菊酯殺蟲劑pyrethroid insecticide植物生長調節劑growth regulator化學致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性劑surfactant多氯聯苯類polychlorinated biphenyls;pcbs多環芳烴類polyaromtic

19、 hydrocarbon; pah催化（催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化學氧化劑photochemical oxidant過氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；pan干沉降dry deposition濕沉降wet deposition光化學煙霧photochemical smog大氣光化學atmospheric photochemistry降水化學precipitation chemistry氣溶膠化學aerosol chemistry懸浮顆粒物suspended particulate總懸浮顆粒物total suspended particula

20、tes(tsp)飄塵（可吸入顆粒物或可吸入塵）airborne particle降塵（落塵）dustfall；falling dust氣溶膠aerosol水質water quality鹽度salinity氧化還原電位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化學需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand總有機碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagu

21、lation離子交換ion exchange萃取extraction緩沖溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲線）oxygen balance model吸收劑(吸附劑)absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化劑oxidant還原劑reductant膠團micelle膠體溶液colloidal solution脫硫劑desulfurization agent電滲析electrodialysis萃取劑extracting agent過濾filter絮凝劑flocculant；flocculating agent無機絮凝劑inorganic flocculant有機高分

22、子絮凝劑organic polymer flocculant中和法neutralization反滲透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅膠silica gel蒸汽蒸餾steam distillation超濾膜ultrafilter membrane靈敏度sensitivity準確度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability檢測限detection limit相對誤差relative error絕對誤差absolute error偶然誤差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采樣誤差sampling error標準溶液sta

23、ndard solution標準物質standard substance允許誤差allowable error允許濃度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis現場分析in-situ analysis儀器分析instrumental analysis水質分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自動分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophoto

24、metry原子吸收分光光度計atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子熒光光譜法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子熒光光譜儀atomic fluorescence spectrometer電化學分析法electrochemical method高效液相色譜法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色譜儀high performance liquid chromatograph氣相色譜分析gas chromatography氣相色譜儀gas chromatograph采樣器sampler

25、大氣采樣器air sampler底泥采樣器sediment samplerph計ph meter濕度計hygrometer固定大氣污染源stationary sources of air pollution移動大氣污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移動式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染負荷pollution load污染源調查survey of pollution sources無污染工藝pollution-free techn

26、ology無污染裝置pollution-free installation污染物總量控制total amount control of pollution水質參數water quality parameter 水溫water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混濁度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指標sensuous pollution index毒理學污染指標physical pollution index化學污染指標chemical pollution index細菌學污染指標bacteriological pollution in

27、dex毒理學污染指標toxicological pollution index城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工業廢水industrial wastewater常規分析指標index of routine analysis環境監測environmental monitoring過程監測course monitoring污染物排放標準pollution discharge standard總量排放標準total amount of pollution discharge standard優先監測priority monitoring環境優先污染物en

28、vironmental priority pollutant總固體total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入塵和飄塵)inhale particles濁度計turbidimeter實驗室質量控制laboratory quality conrol空白實驗值blank value平行樣duplicate samples再現性(重現性)reproducibility重復性repeatability回收率recovery rate檢出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光譜法ultraviolet absorptio

29、n spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis內標法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis試樣前處理pre-treatment均值mean value標準差standard error方差variation回歸分析regression analysis相關分析correlation analysis相關系數correlation coefficient系統誤差systematic error隨機誤差random error有效數字valid figure農

30、藥殘留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收費effluent charge室內空氣污染indoor air pollution水體自凈self-purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修復soil-remediation生物修復bioremediation光降解photodegradation溫室氣體greenhouse gases總量收費total quantity charge超臨界流體supercritical fluid土壤采樣soil polluti

31、on環境物理學光輻射(光)visible radiation紅外線infrared ray紫外線ultraviolet ray 滅菌燈bactericidal lamp光污染light pollution噪聲污染noise pollution混響reverberation聽力損失hearing loss絕對濕度absolute humidity相對濕度relative humidity飽和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露點溫度dew point temperature熱輻射thermal radiation 比熱specific heat空氣調節air cond

32、itioning通風ventilation環境工程學環境污染綜合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution環境功能區劃environmental function zoning稀釋比dilution ratio遷移transfer紊流擴散turbulent diffusion氧虧(虧氧量)oxygen deficit復氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲線dissolved-oxygen sag curve飽和溶解氧saturated dissolved無污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃燒combustion空氣燃料比air-

33、to-fuel ratio煙氣分析analysis of flue gas煤的綜合利用comprehensive utilization of coal脫硫desulfurization除塵效率particle collection efficiency分割粒徑cut diameter for particles壓力損失（壓力降）pressure drop機械除塵器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber慣性除塵器inertial dust separator旋風除塵器cyclone collector回流式旋風除塵器reverse-f

34、low cyclone collector直流旋風除塵器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋風除塵器multiple cyclone collector過濾除塵器filter袋式除塵器bag house濾料filtration media氣布比air-to-cloth ratio機械振動清灰袋式除塵器bag house with shake cleaning逆氣流清灰袋式除塵器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脈沖噴吹清灰袋式除塵器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning靜電除塵electro

35、static precipitator (esp)電暈放電corona discharge驅進速度drift velocity集塵極collecting electrode板間距distance between collecting electrodes電極清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes寬間距靜電除塵器wide space electrostatic precipitator高壓脈沖靜電除塵器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator濕式靜電除塵器wet electrostatic prec

36、ipitator雙區靜電除塵器（兩段式電除塵器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator濕式除塵器wet collector of particulates重力噴霧洗滌器gravitational spray scrubber旋風洗滌器centrifugal scrubber中心噴霧旋風洗滌器cyclone spray scrubber泡沫洗滌塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗滌器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗滌器venturi scrubber雙膜理論two-film theory氣膜控制gas film control液膜控制l

37、iquid film control穿透曲線break through curve催化劑catalyst催化劑中毒poisoning of catalyst煙氣脫硫flue gas desulfurization (fgd)濕法脫硫wet process of fgd石灰石灰石法脫硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脫硫ammonia process of fgd干法脫硫dry process fgd吸收法控制氮氧化物control of nox by absorption 水吸收法脫氮control of nox by absorption p

38、rocess with water酸吸收法脫氮control of nox by absorption process with acid堿吸收法脫氮control of nox by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of nox by adsorption分子篩吸附法脫氮control of nox by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅膠吸附法脫氮control of nox by adsorption process with silica gel氣體生物凈化biotreatme

39、nt of gaseous pollutant生物過濾器biofilter汽車尾氣污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脫臭biotreatment of oder集氣罩capture hood煙囪有效排放高度effective height of emmission清潔生產cleaner production礦山廢水mining drainage電鍍廢水electroplating wastewater給水處理廠water treatment plant污水處理廠wastewater treatment給水（污水）處理構筑物water （sewage）

40、treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well廢水調節池wastewater flow equalization basin格柵grill篩網grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝氣沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圓形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圓形周邊運動沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharg

41、e by gravity 水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank濃縮式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank輻流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank豎流式沉淀池vertical settling tank懸浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge

42、clarifier脈沖澄清池pulse clarifier水力循環澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier豎流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank機械攪拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank顆粒自由沉降particle free sediment絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation擁擠沉降hindered sedimentation氣浮池floatation basin加壓溶氣氣浮法pressure dissolved-air floatation微電解法

43、micro electroanalysis過濾池filter重力過濾法gravity filtration process壓力過濾法pressure filtration process真空過濾法vacuum filtration process快濾池rapid filtration慢濾池slow filtration接觸濾池contact filter雙向濾池bidirectional filter雙層濾料濾池double layer filter無閥濾池non-valve filter虹吸濾池siphon filter壓力濾池pressure filterv型濾池aquazur v-fil

44、ter砂濾sand filtration微濾機microstrainer濾池沖洗強度backwashing intensity of filter濾層filter material layer濾料承托層holding layer for filter material斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷卻塔cooling tower濕式氧化法wet oxidation process反應池reaction basin葉輪攪拌器turbine mixer膜分離法membrane separation method半滲透膜semi-permeable membrane

45、電滲析electrodialysis反滲透reverse osmosis離子交換膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction 汽提stripping吹脫法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧發生器ozonator磁分離法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation軟化水處理softening water treatment石灰純堿軟化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method廢水好氧/厭氧處理biological aerobic/anaer

46、obic treatment of wastewater微生物內源代謝microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代謝microorganism synthetic metabolism基質分解代謝substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝氣池aeration推流式曝氣池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝氣池complet

47、ely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容積指數sludge velum index污泥負荷volume loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝氣法step aeration method延時曝氣法extended aeration method加速曝氣法accelerant aeration method深井曝氣法deep well aeration method純氧曝氣法oxygen aer

48、ation method 鼓風曝氣裝置blast aerator擴散曝氣設備diffusion aerator 射流曝氣設備efflux aerator機械曝氣裝置mechanical aerator 表面曝氣裝置surface aerator曝氣時間aeration time污泥齡sludge age活性污泥培養activated sludge culture活性污泥馴化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨脹sludge bulking生物濾池biological

49、 filter高負荷生物濾池high-loading biological filter水力負荷hydraulic loading有機負荷organic loading塔式生物濾池tower biological filer 生物轉盤biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物濾池activated biofilter化糞池septic tank污水硝化脫氮處理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脫氮處理nitrogen removal from was

50、tewater by denitrification 污水硝化反硝化脫氮處理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地處理系統land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond 厭氧塘anaerobic pond 曝氣氧化塘aerated oxidation pond iceas intermittent cyclic extended aeration system間歇循環延時曝氣活性污泥法dat-iat工藝demand ae

51、ration tankintermittent aeration tank system(需氧池間歇池)a1/o工藝anoxic/ oxica2/o工藝anaerobic oxicphostrip工藝phostriop process bardenpho工藝bardenpho processphoredox工藝phoredox processuct工藝university of cape townvip工藝virginia initiative plant 厭氧生物濾池(af)anaerobic filter厭氧接觸法anaerobic contact process厭氧生物轉盤anaerob

52、ic biological rotating disc兩相厭氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest 序批式間歇反應器series batch reactor氧化溝oxidation ditch上流式厭氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketmsbr modified sequencing batch reactor 消毒disinfection滅菌sterilization 加氯機chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection 漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外線消

53、毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine 液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand 余氯chlorine residual 游離性余氯free chlorine residual 化合性余氯combined chlorine residual 折點加氯chlorination breakpoint 過氧化氫消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide 除味taste removal除臭odor removal 脫色decoloration

54、生污泥undigested sludge 熟污泥digested sludge 污泥處置disposal of sludge 污泥綜合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空過濾法vacuum flotation process污泥濃縮sludge thickening 污泥消化sludge digestion 污泥脫水sludge dewatering 污泥干化sludge drying 污泥焚燒sludge incineration 真空過濾機脫水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框壓濾機脫水dewatering by plat

55、e frame press filter 輥軋式脫水機脫水dewatering by roll press帶式壓濾機脫水dewatering by belt press filter 離心式脫水機脫水dewatering by centrifuge 中溫消化處理middle temperature digestive treatment 高溫消化處理high temperature digestive treatment 污泥堆肥發酵處理sludge composting and fermentation 污泥濃縮池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥產氣率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化場sludge drying bed固體廢物solid wastes城市生活垃圾mu