1、云南民族大學外國語學院英語專業本科學生畢業論文開題報告書題目 analysis of thoreaus walden from symbolism on the linguistic features of huckleberry finn 哈克貝利。費恩歷險記的語言特點。 請參考這個題目的寫法進行修改 從象征主義角度分析梭羅的瓦爾登湖 姓名 段改金 班 級 2013級英語三班 學號 201308401308 楊燕 2016 年10月28日 論文題目 (title)analysis of thoreaus walden from symbolism 從象征主義角度分析梭羅的瓦爾登湖 修改 中心

2、論點： 本論文將在象征主義被許多外國文學作品中運用過試圖來詳細地分析梭羅的瓦爾登湖。通過細讀作品中各種意象和文章篇章的布局的重要信息，來探索梭羅的象征意義的存在和內涵，象征手法的使用不僅能深化主題并使之更形象，而且常常能奇跡般地激起讀者的情感并喚起讀者的想象，從而賦予作品與眾不同的全新意義。因此讀懂象征藝術對于更好地理解該小說有著至關重要的作用。通過在田園生活中感知自然、重塑自我的奇異歷程和心理描寫的研究，表達了新英格蘭知識分子對于唯利是圖的社會現實不得不滿。thesis statement： this paper attempts to analyze thoreaus walden by

3、using symbolism which was used in many foreign literary works. reading carefully the important information of the layout of article and description of various images in the work, we can explore the connotation of thoreaus symbolism; the use of symbol can not only deepen the theme but also often mira

4、culously arouse the readers imagination, which endows the work with distinctive meaning. therefore, interpretation of the symbols plays a vital role in better interpretation of the text. through the study of psychological and description of nature in the pastoral life and the reshaping of himself, i

5、t is expressed that the new england intellectuals for the mercenary is not satisfied.本研究目的和意義: 研究目的：現代社會，人們更加注重精神文明，追求的是精神和心靈上的寧靜。通過對瓦爾登湖中意象所象征的梭羅的精神高度的解析，來體現它的象征主義的理解對個人及社會的重要性，同時使作者更加準確、貼切地理解這部作品。全文不需要“加粗”，以下依次修改modern society, people pay more attention to spiritual civilization and pursuit the sp

6、iritual peace. by analyzing thoreaus spirit through waldens symbolic images, representing the importance of symbolism to the individual and society, and making the author understand the work accurately and properly. 研究意義（significance）：通過對作品的解讀和作者的分析，幫助理解作品中的主題和進一步學習梭羅的作品，也可以從中反映出那個時代人們的態度和梭羅的差距，從而加深

7、對梭羅的印象，更好的闡述他的思想對現實的意義。 through the interpretation of the work and the analysis of the author to help understand the theme of the work and a further study of thoreaus works. it can also reflect the gap between peoples attitude of the era and thoreau, thereby deepen mans impression of thoreau and int

8、erpret better his thinking on the significance to the reality.本研究的理論意義（國內外文獻綜述）:1 研究背景：一直以來，從精神層面來分析瓦爾登湖對現代社會的影響是一個很多中國學者喜歡評論的點，他們研究的都是回歸到大自然，人們的精神和心靈都能得到凈化，也倡導只有在和諧的人和自然的環境中，才能達到人與自然的對立統一。國外也有學者.作家對瓦爾登湖中生態主義和梭羅的超驗主義的研究。但用象征意義來具體分析瓦爾登湖中體現的人與自然的研究還不多。chinese scholars like to comment the walden throug

9、h the spiritual point of view to analyze the impact of modern society, their study is back to the nature, peoples spirit and mind can be purified, and also advocate in harmonious relationship human-nature, people can achieve the unity of man and nature of the opposition. there are also abroads schol

10、ars .writers on walden ecologic and thoreaus transcendentalism. but the studies are not enough that apply a symbolic meaning to analyze specifically of walden reflecting the relationship between human and nature.2. 研究現狀 2.1 國內外關于梭羅及作品的研究 國外研究狀況 1862年，艾默生發表了一篇關于大西洋報中關于梭羅的文章，這似乎是研究梭羅的開始。迄今為止在美國研究過梭羅的學

11、者已經有一百多年歷史了。梭羅在美國文學史上的評價是復雜的。首先，美國作家j.r lowell和英國作家a.e stevenson批評梭羅是一名業余自然學家，他只是模仿艾默生。然而，像mark van doren和norman forester這樣的學者肯定了梭羅所做的藝術成就。他們相信，梭羅致力于追求真理，善良和美麗與自然。但他們沒有集中在梭羅的思想和想法。1941年，是對梭羅的研究的一個轉折點。哈佛大學學者馬蒂森（matthiessen）出版了一本名叫美國文藝復興：艾默生和惠特曼時代的藝術和表達。在他的著作中，matthiessance大致對梭羅進行了解讀，并得到美國新批評注意的廣泛支持。它

12、使梭羅成為美國文學史上的經典作家之一。20世紀50年代以后，對梭羅的研究迅速上升，大致可以分為五個方面。一，傳記研究；二，文學研究；第三，哲學研究；四，生態學研究；最后是文化研究。 in 1862, emerson published an article about thoreau in atlantic, which would seem to be as the beginning of studying thoreau. there have been over one hundred years for the scholars studying on thoreau so far

13、in american. thoreau might to be a complicated one in american literary history. first, american writer j.r lowell and british writer a.e stevenson criticized that thoreau was an amateur naturalist and he simply imitated emerson only. however, the scholars like mark van doren and norman forester wer

14、e sure the art achievements that thoreau had made. they believe that thoreau devoted all his life to pursuit the truth, the kindness and the beauty with nature. but they did not focus on thoreaus thoughts and ideas.in 1941, it was a turning point for the study of thoreau. f.o matthiessen, a harvard

15、university scholar, comes out american renaissance: art and expression in the age of emerson and whitman. in his work, matthiessance interpreted walden as a whole, which was supported in detail by american new criticism. and it made thoreau become one of the classic writers in american literary hist

16、ory. and after 1950s, the study of thoreau increased quickly, which can divide five aspects. first, biographical study; second, literary study; third, philosophic study; fourth, ecological study; last is culture study. 國內研究狀況到目前為止，中國學者已經認可了梭羅和他的作品。對瓦爾登湖的研究分為兩個時期；21世紀是一個分水嶺。在21世紀初期，大多數是對梭羅和他的作品的介紹。然而

17、，自20世紀90年代以來，對梭羅的研究取得了進步。在新的世紀，研究更傾向于多樣化。許多學者從四個方面進行研究。一，21世紀前的認可度；二，21世紀后的接受度；第三，梭羅哲學的研究；最后，梭羅的生態思想研究。so far, we chinese have accepted thoreau and his works. the studies of walden fall into two periods; the 21st century is a watershed. at the beginning of the first period of time, most are the intr

18、oduction for thoreau and his works. while, since 1990s, the studies of thoreau have made a spurt of progress, in the new century, the studies tend to be more diversity. many scholars study from four aspects. first, the acceptance before the 21st century; second, the acceptance after 21st century; th

19、ird, the study of thoreaus philosophy; last, the thoreaus ecological thoughts. 本研究的問題、理論、方法和視角：問題：從象征主義角度分析梭羅的瓦爾登湖 analysis of thoreaus walden from symbolism理論：象征主義 symbolism reading book and the journals or reference視角：通過從象征主義的視角對瓦爾登湖進行分析 from symbolism to interpret the work本研究的主要觀點和重難點:主要觀點：象征主義源于

20、十九世紀晚期的法國象征主義運動,已成為現代小說中一種重要的創作手法。通過運用象征主義手法,作家能夠形象而生動地表達出其作品中所蘊含的抽象、深刻的概念或觀點。象征主義強調在創作中使用暗指或誘導等方式而非直接描述來揭示隱含在文中深層的意義和聯系。象征主義的研究在對文學作品分析中有重要意義。 symbolism, which originates from the french symbolist movement in the late 19thcentury, is used as one of the important devices in modern fiction. as a writ

21、ing technique, symbolism is favored by many writers; it is an effective tool for writers to express abstract ideas and profound views in their works. it stresses the priority of suggestion and evocation over direct description and explicit analogy, the notion of a deeper, hidden level of meaning and

22、 connection is favored. an examination of symbolism in literary works will be immensely helpful. 重點：用象征意義對作品細讀，從而加深對作品的理解。with a symbolism to read the work, it will enrich peoples understanding of the work.難點：對于瓦爾登湖的研究，前人研究焦點主要集中在生態.自然觀等方面，而關于象征意義在這部作品中的分析還不多。因此，在解讀這部作品的象征意義時存在困難，需要作者綜合其它作品中象征主義的體現來

23、讀瓦爾登湖進行新的角度的分析。for waldens study, the focus of previous studies focused on the ecological, natural and so on, while symbolism of the analysis in this work is not much. therefore, there is difficulty in interpreting the symbolism of this work, and the author needs to analyze walden in a new view from

24、 the perspective of symbolism in other works. 調整此頁詳細提綱 (detailed outline):1. introduction a general introduction to henry david thoreau 1.2 a general introduction to walden 2.symbolism 2.1 the origin of symbolism2.2 the definition of symbolism 2.3 the characteristics of symbolism 2.4 the significanc

25、e of symbolism 2.4.1 symbolism in literature 2.4.2 symbolism in thoreaus works 3.the symbolism embodied in walden 3.1 symbol of natural scenery 3.2 symbol of animal 3.3 symbol of season 3.4 symbol of man 4.the enlightenment of symbolism 4.1 benefit to modern people who have strong desire or needs 4.

26、2 help to those of losing oneself in life 5.conclusion this part will clarify symbolism is profoundly improved and explored in thoreaus walden. 寫作進程 (schedule):2016年9月 與指導老師聯系/見面/溝通，討論論文方向和選題，開始搜集論文資料 2016年10月 確定論文題目，并做讀書筆記和完成開題報告2016年11月 填寫開題報告的所有內容，并提交論文開題報告2016年12月 整理收集好的所有資料，把每一章要寫的具體內容羅列出來2016年

27、12月 完成第一二章的內容2016年12月 完成第三四章內容2017年1月 2017年2月 提供初稿反饋意見2017年3月 提供修改稿12017年3月 提供修改稿1反饋意見2017年3月 提供修改稿22017年4月 提供修改稿3，按要求做好參考書目2017年4月 指導學生做好論文正文前的材料（封面、序言、目錄） 2017年4月 提供修改稿4，按要求做好正文前材料2017年4月 提交定稿2017年5月 畢業論文答辯參考書目(references):1cavell stanley. the senses of walden書名斜體，以下依次修改 m.new york: viking, 1972.2henry david thoreau. walden m. beijing: foreign language teaching and research press, 2011. 轉行縮進，以下依次修改3henry david thoreau. walden or life in the