1、1 印度嘉佳電廠印度嘉佳電廠2660MW2660MW超臨界機(jī)組鍋爐超臨界機(jī)組鍋爐 IndianIndian JHAJJARJHAJJAR 2660MW2660MW SupercriticalSupercritical BoilerBoiler HGHG2115/25.42115/25.4YM16YM16 型鍋爐型鍋爐 HGHG2115/25.42115/25.4YM16YM16 typetype 鍋鍋 爐爐 說說 明明 書書 BoilerBoiler InstructionInstruction 第第卷卷 鍋爐運(yùn)行鍋爐運(yùn)行 Volume Boiler Operation 編號編號 FO310Y

2、X001C371FO310YX001C371 No.No. FO310YX001C371FO310YX001C371 哈爾濱鍋爐廠有限責(zé)任公司哈爾濱鍋爐廠有限責(zé)任公司 Harbin Boiler Company Limited 印度嘉佳電廠印度嘉佳電廠2660MW2660MW超臨界機(jī)組鍋爐超臨界機(jī)組鍋爐 IndianIndian JHAJJARJHAJJAR 2660MW2660MW SupercriticalSupercritical BoilerBoiler HGHG2115/25.42115/25.4YM16YM16 型鍋爐型鍋爐 2 HGHG2115/25.42115/25.4YM16

3、YM16 typetype 鍋鍋 爐爐 說說 明明 書書 BoilerBoiler InstructionInstruction 第第卷卷 鍋爐運(yùn)行鍋爐運(yùn)行 Volume Boiler Operation 編號編號 FO310YX001C371FO310YX001C371 No.No. FO310YX001C371FO310YX001C371 編制：崔 凱 Prepared by：Cui Kai 校對：馮 巖 Reviewed by：Feng Yan 審核：孫 浩 Approved by：Sun Hao 審定：趙豐宇 Accepted by：Zhao Fengyu 二二一一年八月一一年八月 2

4、011.82011.8 3 目目 錄錄 CONTENTS 1、前言2 2、化學(xué)清洗2 2.1 概述2 2.2 清洗范圍2 2.4 清洗工藝3 2.5 清洗質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)4 2.6 清洗廢液處理4 2.7 清洗流速和水容積5 2.8 注意事項(xiàng)5 3、蒸汽吹管5 3.1 概述6 3.2 吹管范圍6 3.3 吹管系數(shù)6 3.4 兩種吹管方式及其比較7 3.5 吹管質(zhì)量評價(jià)7 3.6 注意事項(xiàng)8 3.7 吹管后的檢查8 4、鍋爐啟動9 4.1 概述9 4.2 啟動前的檢查和準(zhǔn)備10 4.3 鍋爐啟動允許條件10 4.4 鍋爐水清洗14 4.5 鍋爐點(diǎn)火15 4.6 升溫升壓19 4.7 汽機(jī)沖轉(zhuǎn)并網(wǎng)22 4

5、.8 升負(fù)荷22 5、鍋爐運(yùn)行的控制和調(diào)整23 5.1 蒸汽與給水23 5.2 過熱汽溫控制30 5.3 再熱汽溫控制30 5.4 鍋爐排氣和疏水30 5.5 金屬溫度監(jiān)測31 5.6 燃燒控制32 5.7 回轉(zhuǎn)式空氣預(yù)熱器34 5.8 鍋爐汽水品質(zhì)34 5.9 鍋爐運(yùn)行的報(bào)警值和跳閘值35 6.鍋爐的停運(yùn)40 6.1 正常停爐和減負(fù)荷40 6.2 熄火后爐膛吹掃和鍋爐的停運(yùn)40 7、鍋爐非正常運(yùn)行42 7.1 主要輔機(jī)喪失43 7.2 鍋爐主燃料跳閘（MFT） 43 7.3 鍋爐管道泄漏43 7.4 單臺引風(fēng)機(jī)，送風(fēng)機(jī)或一次風(fēng)機(jī)故障45 7.5 鍋爐給水泵故障45 7.6 磨煤機(jī)故障45 7

6、.7 空氣預(yù)熱器故障46 7.8 飛灰含碳量高46 7.9 NOx 排放量高的原因46 7.10 灰處理系統(tǒng)故障47 7.11 鍋爐燃燒不穩(wěn)定47 7.12 空氣預(yù)熱器著火47 8、鍋爐停爐保護(hù)方法49 4 1、前言 Preface 本鍋爐運(yùn)行說明書提出了印度嘉佳電廠 2660MW 超臨界鍋爐運(yùn)行的原則性要 求，針對哈爾濱鍋爐廠有限責(zé)任公司設(shè)計(jì)制造的超臨界直流鍋爐的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，介紹 了鍋爐運(yùn)行和維護(hù)保養(yǎng)的注意事項(xiàng)。The operation instruction of this boiler puts forward the principle requirements to 2x660MW

7、supercritical boilers for India JHAJJAR Power Plant, and introduces the precautions of boiler operation and maintenance as per technical characters of supercritical boiler designed by Harbin Boiler Company Limited. 本說明書只是指導(dǎo)鍋爐運(yùn)行的導(dǎo)則，鍋爐配合汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行的詳細(xì)規(guī)程， 應(yīng)由運(yùn)行部門根據(jù)電廠具體情況和鍋爐及輔助設(shè)備性能，結(jié)合有關(guān)法規(guī)、規(guī)程和擁 有的成熟經(jīng)驗(yàn)另行編制。 T

8、his instructions is only the guide document of boiler operation. The detailed operation procedure of the boiler should be drafted as per the detailed condition of the boiler and performance of the auxiliary equipments combined with related rules and regulations and mature experiences. 2 2、化學(xué)清洗、化學(xué)清洗

9、ChemicalChemical cleaningcleaning 2.12.1 概述概述 BriefBrief introductionintroduction 新建電站鍋爐在投運(yùn)前必須進(jìn)行化學(xué)清洗，以清除受熱面、集箱和連接管道內(nèi) 表面所有疏松的殘?jiān)T如：油漬、油脂、磨屑、氧化皮、焊渣等，并在內(nèi)表面形 成一薄層鈍化膜。這一過程保證了鍋爐在試運(yùn)階段及早地達(dá)到最佳爐水工況和蒸汽 純度，以降低設(shè)備在壽命期內(nèi)嚴(yán)重腐蝕的危險(xiǎn)。 Before a new boiler is put into service, the internal surface of all water touched pres

10、sure parts should be cleaned to remove oil, protective coatings, mill scale, rust or scoria. The water touched pressure parts should be passivated to form a layer of oxidation protective film, which can guarantee the optimal furnace water quality and steam purity during commissioning to reduce the r

11、isk of serious corrosion within service life. 本章所述適用于鍋爐本體及其范圍內(nèi)輔助設(shè)備和管道投運(yùn)前的化學(xué)清洗，不包 括其它回路，如凝汽器、低壓給水系統(tǒng)等。 The chemical cleaning described in this article only adopts to boiler proper and auxiliary equipments and piping within its scope before operation, excludes the other loops, such as condensers and LP

12、 feedwater system, etc. 2.22.2 清洗范圍清洗范圍 CleaningCleaning scopescope 本鍋爐化學(xué)清洗范圍原則上包括：高壓給水管路、省煤器系統(tǒng)、水冷壁系統(tǒng)、 啟動循環(huán)回路、過熱器系統(tǒng)和主蒸汽管道。 The chemical cleaning scope includes in principle: HP feedwater piping, economizer system, water wall system, start-up circulation loop, SH system and main steam piping. 若選用的清洗介

13、質(zhì)和緩釋劑含有易使奧氏體管材產(chǎn)生晶界腐蝕的氯離子、鐵離 子和硫元素，則過熱器系統(tǒng)不參與清洗，僅用蒸汽吹掃。 In case the selected cleaning medium and slow release solution includes CL-, Fe- and S-2 which are corrosive to Austenitic material, SH system should not take part in the chemical cleaning and only adopts steam purge. 5 汽輪機(jī)旁路、再熱器和冷、熱段再熱蒸汽管道不需要化學(xué)清

14、洗，僅用蒸汽吹掃。 還有其它一些管道，如減溫水管道、啟動系統(tǒng)中的過冷水管、暖管管路和溢流管路， 以及鍋爐本體和管道上的所有疏水、排氣、取樣和儀表管路應(yīng)進(jìn)行水沖洗或蒸汽吹 掃。 Steam purge rather than chemical cleaning should be adopted by turbine bypass, RH and reheated steam piping of hot leg and cold leg. Water flush or steam purge should be adopted by other pipings, such as desuperh

15、eating water piping, cold water piping, warm water piping and over-flow piping of start-up system, and all drain, vent, sample and meter pipes on the boiler proper and pipings. 2.32.3 清洗介質(zhì)的選擇清洗介質(zhì)的選擇 SelectionSelection ofof cleaningcleaning mediummedium 大型電站鍋爐化學(xué)清洗介質(zhì)通常選用鹽酸、氫氟酸、檸檬酸和 EDTA、復(fù)合酸。 At presen

16、t, large utility boilers usually use chemical cleaning mediums such as hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, citric acid, EDTA and combined acid. 鹽酸價(jià)格最便宜，貨源廣，清洗效果好，廢液易處理。但它含有氯離子，易使 奧氏體管材發(fā)生氯脆。因此對于水容積相對較小的直流鍋爐不宜采用。 Hydrochloric acid is cheap and easy to supply, with perfect effect of cleaning, and the

17、 waste solution of easy to discharge. But it has chlorine equilibrium which can make the austenitic tubes easily embrittle. Therefore, it is not suitable for the once-through boiler whose water volume is less. 氫氟酸清洗效果好，而且對超臨界鍋爐的所有受熱面管材都是相容的，故只有 它過熱器系統(tǒng)也可參與清洗，從而可顯著縮短蒸汽吹管時(shí)間。氫氟酸采用開式清洗， 清洗系統(tǒng)簡單。清洗溫度在 50左右

18、，因此清洗期間鍋爐不用點(diǎn)火。但氫氟酸有 著較強(qiáng)的腐蝕性和毒性，需特別注意對設(shè)備和環(huán)境的保護(hù)，以及清洗人員的安全防 護(hù)。 Hydrofluoric acid has a good cleaning effect, and no effects to all materials of heating surface of critical boilers. So the SH system can be cleaned at the same time to shorten the time of steam- line blowing distinctly. The hydrofluoric a

19、cid cleaning is in an open manner with an easy system. The cleaning temperature is about 50 which doesnt need ignition during cleaning. But the corrosion and toxicity effect of hydrofluoric acid is strong, special care should be paid to the protection of the equipment, the environment and the safety

20、 of the personnel. 檸檬酸的清洗溫度稍高，在 90左右，且溶解氧化物的能力隨溫度的降低而 迅速減弱。檸檬酸清洗所需的清洗時(shí)間較長，但其危險(xiǎn)性小，不需要對閥門采取防 護(hù)措施，清洗廢液可在爐內(nèi)焚燒處理。 The cleaning temperature of citric acid is a little high, at about 90. And the ability of dissolve oxidants can weaken swiftly as the temperature goes down. Its cleaning time is long. No prot

21、ection measure can be taken to the valves because of its little hazard. Waste cleaning solution can be fired in the furnace. 利用 EDTA 絡(luò)合物的酸效應(yīng)原理進(jìn)行的清洗，清洗系統(tǒng)簡單，不需要進(jìn)行堿洗 而縮短了清洗時(shí)間，耗水量小。EDTA 清洗廢液可以回收再生。缺點(diǎn)是清洗溫度高 6 （120左右） ，因而清洗時(shí)鍋爐必須點(diǎn)火加熱。 EDTA has an easy cleaning system of using acid effect principle. No alka

22、line cleaning is applied so that cleaning time can shorten and water usage is little. Its waste solution can be recycled. The disadvantage is high cleaning temperature （about 120）, so boiler must be ignited during cleaning. 復(fù)合酸的特點(diǎn)：復(fù)合酸清洗能力強(qiáng)，清洗能力比檸檬酸、EDTA 強(qiáng)，比鹽酸的 清洗能力弱；適用的材質(zhì)范圍廣泛，適用于#20 鋼、不銹鋼、合金鋼、銅合金等多

23、種材質(zhì)的清洗；工藝過程容易控制；清洗溫度要求低， ；廢液處理簡單。 The character of combine acid: cleaning ability is stronger than citric acid and EDTA, and weaker than hydrochloric acid. Its applied scope is large, such as #20 steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, copper alloy, ect. Its cleaning procedure is also easy to control,

24、cleaning temperature is low and waster solution is easy to discharge. 不管使用那種清洗介質(zhì)，負(fù)責(zé)化學(xué)清洗單位都應(yīng)向業(yè)主方介紹化學(xué)清洗方案與 業(yè)主一起做好鍋爐清洗工作。 No matter which kind of cleaning mediums is adopted, the company who will take the cleaning should introduce the cleaning scheme to the owner and do the cleaning work with the owner

25、 together better. 2.42.4 清洗工藝清洗工藝CleaningCleaning procedureprocedure 化學(xué)清洗工藝一般有以下幾個(gè)階段：The chemical cleaning technology has the following stages: 最初的水沖洗initial water flush 堿煮alkaline boiling 堿煮后的水沖洗（可根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實(shí)際情況確定是否堿煮） water flushing after alkaline boiling (alkaline boilout can be determined as per actua

26、l condition of the site) 酸洗acid cleaning 酸洗后的水沖洗water flushing after acid cleaning 鈍化passivation 漂洗 rinse 具體的清洗工藝根據(jù)選用的清洗介質(zhì)按“火力發(fā)電廠鍋爐化學(xué)清洗導(dǎo)則 （T794-2001） ”的要求制定。 The detail cleaning mediums of technology is in accordance with the requirement of “The boiler chemical cleaning guidance of thermo- power pla

27、nt（T794-2001） ” 2.52.5 清洗質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清洗質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) StandardStandard ofof cleaningcleaning 酸洗后的金屬表面應(yīng)清潔，基本上無殘留氧化物和焊渣，無明顯金屬粗晶粒析 出的過洗現(xiàn)象，不應(yīng)有鍍銅現(xiàn)象。 After acid cleaning, the metal surface should be clean, basically there is no oxidant or scoria, no instant excess flushing from thick metal crystal grain or no copperizing.

28、用腐蝕指示片測量的金屬平均腐蝕速度應(yīng)小于 8g/m2h，腐蝕總量80g/m2。 The average metal corrosion velocity measured by corrosion indicator should be less than 8g/m2h, the total corrosion amount80g/m2 . 清洗后的表面應(yīng)形成致密的鈍化保護(hù)膜，不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)二次浮銹和點(diǎn)蝕。 7 The surface after cleaning should be covered with passivating protective film without secondary

29、 rust and pointed corrosion. 固定設(shè)備上的閥門、儀表等不應(yīng)受到損害，系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備全部恢復(fù)到清洗前的狀 態(tài)。 The valves and instruments on the fixed equipment should not be damaged. All the systems and equipments should be renewed to the original statement after qualified cleaning is finished. 2.62.6 清洗廢液處理清洗廢液處理 TreatmentTreatment ofof was

30、tewaste cleaningcleaning solutionsolution 所有清洗廢液必須采取相應(yīng)的措施處理后排放，排放必須符合國家污水綜合排 放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GB8979） 。All the waste cleaning solution can be discharged only after treating with relevant measures, the discharge should accord with the national standard of waste water discharge （GB8979）. 2.72.7 清洗水容積清洗水容積 Cleaning

31、Cleaning solutionsolution raterate andand waterwater volumevolume 清洗水容積還應(yīng)考慮鍋爐本體外的一些設(shè)備，如除氧器、清洗水箱、臨時(shí)管道 等，適當(dāng)增加一些余量。Cleaning water volume should also consider some equipments beyond the boiler proper to add suitable allowance, such as deaerator, cleaning water tank, temporary piping, etc. 表 1 清洗流速和水容積 T

32、able 1 cleaning solution rate and water volume 部件名稱 Item單位 Unit數(shù)據(jù)Data備注Note 省煤器系統(tǒng) Economizer system m398 水冷壁系統(tǒng) Water wall system m395 啟動系統(tǒng) Start-up system m326不包括擴(kuò)容器、疏水箱 Not indcluding flash tank,blow tank 2.82.8 注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng) precautionsprecautions 1）用氫氟酸清洗時(shí)，啟動循環(huán)泵先不裝上。在用檸檬酸、復(fù)合酸或 EDTA 清洗 時(shí)，若使用啟動循環(huán)泵進(jìn)行省煤器和

33、水冷壁循環(huán)清洗，則潛水電機(jī)應(yīng)連續(xù)注水 保護(hù)。 When using hydrofluoric acid, start-up circulating pump should not be equipped. When using citric acid, combined acid and EDTA, in case the economizer and water wall is cleaned by start-up circulating pump, submersible motor should be protected by pouring water continuously. 2

34、）在加熱和堿煮階段，清洗液可由給水泵經(jīng)除氧水箱循環(huán)，用輔助蒸汽注入 除氧水箱加熱。若輔助蒸汽達(dá)不到升溫要求，可點(diǎn)燃油燃燒器，以較小的熱功 率加熱升溫。 During the heating and alkaline boilout, cleaning solution can be circulated by feedwater pump through deaerating water tank, and enters deaerating water tank by auxiliary steam for heating. In case the auxiliary steam can n

35、ot meet the requirements of heating, oil 8 burner can be burned to heat at minor thermal output. 3）各個(gè)階段的水沖洗應(yīng)使用優(yōu)質(zhì)的除鹽水，在環(huán)境溫度下進(jìn)行，水速在 0.51.5m/s 的范圍內(nèi)。 Qualified and excellent de-mineralized water should be adopted at each stage of water flush. Water flush should take at environmental temperature and wate

36、r speed should be within 0.51.5m/s. 4）過熱器系統(tǒng)不參與清洗時(shí)應(yīng)用反沖洗泵充滿除鹽水（氯離子含量小于 0.2mg/l） ，直到確信分離器水位上升。清洗期間，若有清洗介質(zhì)進(jìn)入了過熱器， 則應(yīng)用 PH 值 910 的除鹽水進(jìn)行過熱器反沖洗。 SH system, which did not take the chemical cleaning should be fully filled with de-mineralized water (content of CL- less than 0.2mg/l)by back-flush pump until the

37、 water level in separator is ensured lifted. During the cleaning, in case the cleaning medium enters the SH, 910 PH de-mineralized water should be filled into SH to take back-flush. 5）貯水箱、分離器的水位表應(yīng)換成臨時(shí)的。減溫水調(diào)節(jié)閥、貯水箱溢流和循 環(huán)泵控制閥在清洗之前先不裝上，以避免雜質(zhì)磨損或沉積在閥體內(nèi)。節(jié)流孔板 應(yīng)拆掉，以防雜質(zhì)堆積。 The level gauge of storage tank and

38、separator should be changed to temporary ones. Regulating valves, control valve of storage tank overflow and circulation pump should not be assembled before cleaning to avoid foreign material erosion or deposit. Throttle orifice should be removed to prevent foreign material depositing. 6）系統(tǒng)清洗完成后，有選擇

39、地割開集箱手孔進(jìn)行內(nèi)部檢查，并清除沉積物。 對水冷壁、省煤器割管檢查，判斷清洗效果。但若從監(jiān)視管段可以斷定清洗效 果良好，也可免做割管檢查。 After the system has finished the cleaning, certain hand hole should be selected to cut for internal check to remove deposit. The tubes of water wall and economizer should be cut to judge the cleaning effect. In case it can judge

40、 that cleaning effect is excellent as per supervision, tubes can not be cut for check. 7）鍋爐化學(xué)清洗應(yīng)安排在臨近蒸汽吹管前進(jìn)行，以免受熱面二次銹蝕。 Boiler chemical cleaning should be taken a short time before steam blowing to avoid heating surface secondary erosion. 3 3、蒸汽吹管、蒸汽吹管 SteamSteam lineline blowingblowing 3.13.1 概述概述

41、BriefBrief introductionintroduction 新建電站鍋爐投運(yùn)前必須進(jìn)行過熱器、再熱器及其管道系統(tǒng)的蒸汽吹掃。目的 是去除在制造和安裝期間產(chǎn)生的任何雜質(zhì)（磨屑、金屬切割物、焊渣、軋制氧化皮 等） 。The purpose of blowing the main steam lines and the reheat steam lines prior to starting up a new unit is to remove any foreign material remaining in the SH, RH and steam piping after erec

42、tion is completed to prevent such foreign material entering the turbine during initial operation. 3.23.2 吹管范圍吹管范圍 ScopeScope ofof steamsteam lineline blowingblowing 1）從分離器到末級過熱器出口集箱的過熱器系統(tǒng) SH system (from separator to final SH outlet header) 2）主蒸汽管道 main steam piping 9 3）高壓旁路管道 HP bypass piping 4）冷段再

43、熱器管道 cold leg RH piping 5）從冷段再熱器入口集箱到熱段再熱器出口集箱的再熱器系統(tǒng) RH system (from cold leg RH inlet header to hot leg RH outlet header) 6）熱段再熱器管道 hot leg RH piping 7）小汽輪機(jī)進(jìn)汽管道及其它管道 steam supplying piping and other pipings of small turbine. 3.33.3 吹管系數(shù)吹管系數(shù) BlowingBlowing CoefficientCoefficient 為了達(dá)到有效的吹掃，吹管時(shí)被吹掃表面所受

44、的作用力必須大于鍋爐最大連續(xù) 出力（BMCR）下蒸汽對表面的作用力。作用力越大吹管越有效。吹管系數(shù)定義為吹 掃工況和 BMCR 工況下蒸汽動量之比。 “火電機(jī)組啟動蒸汽吹管導(dǎo)則”規(guī)定，吹管時(shí) 應(yīng)保證被吹掃系統(tǒng)中各處的吹管系數(shù)均應(yīng)大于 1。In order to get effective blowing, the acting force to blowing surface must larger than that of steam to the surface in boiler maximum continuous output(BMCR) condition. The larger

45、the acting force is, the more effective the blowing is. The blowing coefficient is defined as ratio of steam momentum in blowing condition and BMCR condition. As defined in “guide principle of steam line blowing”, the blowing coefficient at each blowing system should be ensured larger than 1. 吹管系數(shù)的計(jì)

46、算公式如下：The formula of blowing coefficient is as follows: DF=W2purgeVpurge/W2MCRVMCR 式中：W：質(zhì)量流量 kg/s V：比容 m3/kg Purge：吹掃負(fù)荷 MCR：最大連續(xù)負(fù)荷 DF：吹管系數(shù) in which ：W：mass flow kg/s V：volume m3/kg Purge：blowing load MCR：maximum continuous load DF：blowing coefficient 為了達(dá)到最有效的吹掃，三井-巴布科克公司推薦將要吹掃的鍋爐和各段管道 的吹管系數(shù)應(yīng)達(dá)到 1.3 至

47、 1.7 的范圍內(nèi)。In order to get effective blowing, Mitsubishi Babcock recommends that blowing coefficient at each piping should within the scope of 1.3 and 1.7. 根據(jù)上面的理論公式，下面的公式可以用于在現(xiàn)場評估各吹掃管段每次吹掃的 吹管系數(shù)：As per the above theory formula, the following formula can be used to evaluate the blwoing coefficient at

48、 each piping in the site: DF=Pinpurge-Poutpurge/PinMCR-PoutMCR 式中：Pinpurge：吹掃管段吹掃期間的入口壓力 Poutpurge：吹掃管段吹掃期間的出口壓力 PinMCR：吹掃管段 MCR 工況下的入口壓力 PoutMCR：吹掃管段 MCR 工況下的出口壓力 in which：Pinpurge：Inlet pressure of blowing tubes in blowing Poutpurge：Outlet pressure of blowing tubes in blowing 10 PinMCR：Inlet press

49、ure of blowing tubes in MCR condition PoutMCR：Outlet pressure of blowing tubes in MCR condition 3.43.4 兩種吹管方式及其比較兩種吹管方式及其比較 TwoTwo blowingblowing methodsmethods andand comparisoncomparison 蒸汽吹管有降壓吹管和穩(wěn)壓吹管兩種方式。又有過熱器、再熱器系統(tǒng)串聯(lián)吹掃， 簡稱“一步法” ，和分階段吹掃，簡稱“二步法”兩種方法。 The steam line blowing includes two methods: f

50、alling pressure blowing and stabilizing pressure blowing. We can also classify the steam line blowing to series blowing of SH and RH, which is called “one step method” for short and staged blowing which is called “two steps method”. 穩(wěn)壓吹管通常采用“一步法”吹管，吹管壓力（內(nèi)置式汽水分離器出口壓力） 控制在 56.5MPa 范圍內(nèi)。 Stabilizing pre

51、ssure blowing often adopts “one step method”, blowing pressure (outlet pressure of internal separator) should be controlled within the scope of 56.5MPa. 采用動量計(jì)算的方法，在保證被吹掃系統(tǒng)各段吹管系數(shù) K1 的前提下，得出 在選定吹管蒸汽壓力下的吹管蒸汽流量。 Adopting momentum calculation method, on the basis that blowing coefficient at each part K1,

52、 blowing steam amount is got under the selected blowing pressure. 穩(wěn)壓吹管操作簡便，運(yùn)行工況穩(wěn)定，受熱面承受較小的熱沖擊，且可以油煤混 燒而節(jié)省了燃油，降低了吹管成本。 Stabilizing pressure blowing has the character of easy operation, stable operation, minor thermal impact and it also adopts oil-coal combined burning method to save oil and reduce th

53、e blowing cost. 穩(wěn)壓吹管每次吹管的持續(xù)時(shí)間取決于儲備的除鹽水量。穩(wěn)壓吹管鍋爐的輸入熱 負(fù)荷較高，為此要注意控制爐膛出口煙溫，防止過熱器和再熱器超溫。 The lasting time for each stabilizing pressure blowing is determined by de-mineralized water in storage. Because the boiler input thermal load is high when taking stabilizing pressure blowing, furnace outlet gas tempe

54、rature should be controlled to prevent SH and RH over-heating. 降壓吹管由于直流鍋爐水容積和熱容量較小，每次吹管持續(xù)時(shí)間不到 1 分鐘， 吹管有效時(shí)間短，因而累計(jì)吹管次數(shù)多。降壓吹管推薦采用“二步法”吹掃，可以 獲得更好的吹掃效果。 Because the water volume and thermal capacity of the once-through boiler is little when taking falling pressure blowing, each blowing time will not exce

55、ed 1 minute. Effective blowing time is short so that the accumulated blowing number is more. “two steps method” blowing is recommended for falling pressure blowing to get better blowing effect. 降壓吹管時(shí)，可通過實(shí)測各吹掃管段的壓降與 BMCR 工況下的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算壓降之 比來評估各吹掃管段達(dá)到的吹管系數(shù)。 When taking falling pressure blowing, the ratio be

56、tween actual pressure drop of blowing section and designed pressure drop in BMCR condition can be used to evaluate the blowing coefficient of each blowing section. 3.53.5 吹管質(zhì)量評價(jià)吹管質(zhì)量評價(jià) EvaluationEvaluation ofof blowingblowing qualityquality 吹管效果首先根據(jù)蒸汽的顏色來評價(jià)，一旦蒸汽變得透明了再裝上靶板，按 11 “火電機(jī)組啟動蒸汽吹管導(dǎo)則”的規(guī)定進(jìn)行評價(jià)。B

57、lowing effect should be evaluated by steam color. Assemble a target plate until the steam becomes translucent and then take the evaluation according to the blowing requirement in Construction and check when draining of storage tank Fe500g/l, discharge to condenser circulation between 200300g/l in ge

58、neral. 4.4.14.4.1 鍋爐上水冷態(tài)清洗鍋爐上水冷態(tài)清洗 boilerboiler feedwaterfeedwater coldcold cleaningcleaning 在給水操縱臺前疏水管排水 Fe200g/l 時(shí)，鍋爐開始上水。上水時(shí)的環(huán)境溫 度不低于 5，水溫一般在 2070。用給水旁路調(diào)整門控制上水速度在 5%BMCR 左右。上水經(jīng)省煤器、水冷壁、汽水分離器、貯水箱排入疏水?dāng)U容器，水位控制在 溢流閥控制范圍內(nèi)（970015700mm） ，進(jìn)行開式清洗。此時(shí)以下回路的疏水門是開 著的： Boiler begin to fill the water when drain o

59、f drain tube front feedwater operation platform is Fe200g/l. The ambient temperature when filling the water is not lower than 5, water temperature is generally 2070. Control feedwater speed at 5%BMCR by feedwater bypass control valve. The feedwater flow to drain flash vessel through economizer, wate

60、r wall, moisture separator and storage tank, take the open cleaning when the water level is controlled within the scope of overflow valve （970015700mm）. At this time, the drain doors of the following loop are open: 省煤器進(jìn)口集箱 economizer inlet header 水冷壁進(jìn)口集箱 water wall inlet header 水冷壁中間混合集箱 water wall