1、1三級模式間存在兩種映射，它們是（ a ）。a模式與子模式間，模式與內模式間2sql server系統中的所有系統級信息存儲于哪個數據庫（ a ）。amaster3下面關于tempdb數據庫描述不正確的是（d）。d是用戶建立新數據庫的模板4在數據庫技術中，面向對象數據模型是一種（ b ）。b結構模型5數據庫管理系統常見的數據模型有（ b ）。b層次、關系和網狀6用戶看到的數據表，屬于數據庫系統三級模式中的（ d模式7對數據的插入屬于數據庫管理系統（ b ）的功能。b數據操縱8保持數據的完整性屬于數據庫管理系統（ c ）的功能。c數據庫的運行管理 9在sql server數據庫中，默認情況下sy

2、s通常是（ c ）。c系統表表名的前綴 1設一個關系為r，如果它的每個屬性都是不可再分的，則稱這個關系是符合（ a ）。a第一范式2在第一個關系中出現，在第二個關系中不出現的記錄組成的關系稱為兩個關系的（ c ）。c差3關系數據庫規范化是為了解決關系數據庫中的（ a ）問題。a插入、刪除和數據冗余b提高查詢的速度4關系模式中，滿足2nf的模式，（ b ）。b必定是1nf1下述關于索引的描述，正確的是（b）建立索引后，會影響基本表的插入速度2下述關于視圖的描述，正確的是c在sql server中，可以像基本表一樣對視圖進行查詢操作3如果希望從學生表中查詢出所有姓“張”的同學，那么條件語句應該是（

3、 b ）。bwhere 姓名 like 張4下列sql語句中，能夠完成求某列最大值的是（ b ）。bselect max(age) from student5假定學生關系s（sno,sname,sex,age），課程關系c（cno,cname,teacher），學生選課關系sc（sno,cno,grade）。要查詢選修了“計算機技術”課程的“女”學生姓名，將涉及到關系（ d ）。ds,c,sc1如果希望從學生表中查詢出所有姓“李”的同學，那么條件語句應該是（b）。b、where 姓名 like 李2在一個教師關系中，能夠成為主關鍵字（或稱主碼）的屬性是（b）。b、教師編號3從最終用戶應用程序的

4、視角看，數據庫系統的三級模式結構是（c）。c、外模式、模式和內模式4在一個學生關系中，能夠成為主關鍵字（或稱主碼）的屬性是（c）。c、學號5有嚴格的數學基礎的數據模型是（a）。a、關系模型6下列關于索引的說明不正確的是（a）。a、索引必須創建在主關鍵字之上7設關系r是滿足第一范式的，若r中不存在非主屬性對主鍵的部分函數依賴，則r符合（a）。a、第二范式8下列符合第三范式的關系是（d）。d、學生（學號，姓名，性別）9在第一個關系中出現，而在第二個關系中不出現的記錄組成的新關系稱為（d）。d、兩個關系的差10數據庫應用程序開發中，需求分析階段的主要目的是（a）。a、回答“干什么”的問題11用戶使用

5、sql server時，通常需要依次經過兩個安全性階段（c）。c、身份驗證、權限認證12sql server數據庫中的一個完整的備份通常要包括（a）。a、系統數據庫、用戶數據庫和事務日志13下列哪些不屬于索引的類型（d）。d、事務日志索引14下列sql語句中，能夠完成并運算的是（a）。a、select * from 籃球愛好者union select * from 足球愛好者15設學生表和課程表的結構分別為（學號，姓名）和（學號，課程號，成績），如果希望查詢出“成績大于90分的學生姓名”，則對應的sql語句是（d）。d、select 姓名 from 學生表，課程表 where 學生表.學號=課

6、程表.學號 and 課程表.成績901如果希望從學生表中查詢出所有姓“王”的同學，那么條件語句應該是（ b ）。b、where 姓名 like 王2通常情況下，“數據庫管理系統”的英文縮寫是（ a ）。a、dbms3從最終用戶應用程序的視角看，數據庫系統的三級模式結構是（ c ）。c、外模式、模式和內模式4在一個學生關系中，能夠成為主關鍵字（或稱主碼）的屬性是（ c ）。c、學號5有嚴格的數學基礎的數據模型是（ a ）。a、關系模型6下列關于索引的說明不正確的是（ a ）。a、索引必須創建在主關鍵字之上7設關系r是滿足第一范式的，若r中不存在非主屬性對主鍵的部分函數依賴，則r符合（ a ）。a

7、、第二范式8下列符合第三范式的關系是（ d）。d、學生（學號，姓名，性別）9在第一個關系中出現，而在第二個關系中不出現的記錄組成的新關系稱為（d）。d、兩個關系的差10數據庫應用程序開發中，需求分析階段的主要目的是（ a ）。a、回答“干什么”的問題11用戶使用sql server時，通常需要依次經過兩個安全性階段（ c ）。c、身份驗證、權限認證12sql server數據庫中的一個完整的備份通常要包括（ a ）。a、系統數據庫、用戶數據庫和事務日志13sql server中進行數據庫恢復的sql語句是（ c ）。c、restore database14下列sql語句中，能夠完成并運算的是（

8、 a ）。a、select * from 籃球愛好者 union select * from 足球愛好者15設學生表和課程表的結構分別為（學號，姓名）和（學號，課程號，成績），如果希望查詢出“成績大于90分的學生姓名”，則對應的sql語句是（ d ）。d、select 姓名 from 學生表，課程表 where 學生表.學號=課程表.學號 and 課程表.成績901下列（ ）是指數據庫管理系統。d、dbms 2有嚴格的數學基礎并在此基礎上發展起來的數據庫模型是（）。c、關系模型3在銷售商品關系中，能夠成為主關鍵字（或稱主碼）的屬性是（）。b、商品編號4sql server系統中的所有系統級信息

9、存儲于（）數據庫中。amaster 5關系數據庫規范化理論是為解決關系數據庫中（）問題而引入的。a、插入、刪除和數據冗余6下列符合第三范式的關系是（ ）。b、零件（零件編號，零件名稱，零件重量，零件儲存的倉庫編號）7如果希望從學生表中查詢出最大年齡的同學，那么語句中應該包含（ ）。b、select max (年齡) as 最大 from 學生表8下列關于索引的說明不正確的是（）。b、索引一經建立就需要人工進行維護9在第一個關系中出現，在第二個關系中不出現的記錄組成的新關系稱為（ ）。d、兩個關系的差10 sql server默認的登錄賬號為（ ）。a、sa11數據庫應用程序開發中，（ ）屬于物

10、理設計。b、存儲方法設計12下列sql語句中，能夠完成刪除功能的是（）。d、delete from 教師表 where 性別=男13查詢姓名中帶有“芳”字的學生，則條件語句應包含（ ）。b、where 姓名 like %芳14下列sql語句中，限制字段取值范圍的約束是（ ）。c、性別 char (2) not null check (性別男or 性別女)15設學生表和成績表的結構分別為（學號，姓名，所在系）和（學號，課程名，成績），如果希望按分數降序查詢出“英語系中選修了計算機課程的學生姓名和成績”，則對應的sql語句是（ ）。d、select 姓名，成績 from 學生表，成績表 where

11、 所在系英語系 and課程名計算機 and 學生表.學號=課程表.學號 order by 成績 desc1關系數據庫系統采用關系模型作為數據的組織方式。關系模型通常由三部分組成（）。a數據結構、關系操作集合和關系的完整性2以下不屬于sql server數據庫特點的是（）。c基于面向對象的數據模型3sql server數據庫一般包括兩大類數據庫類型（）。d系統數據庫和用戶數據庫4在一個物資臺賬數據表中，能夠成為主關鍵字（或稱主碼）的字段是（）。b物資編碼5在物理層面，sql server數據庫是由數據文件和事務日志文件兩個操作系統文件組成的，它們的后綴分別是（）。amdf和ldf6sql ser

12、ver數據庫中的系統表的表名通常以（）為前綴。bsys7設一個關系為r，x和y是它的兩個屬性集。若對于x上的每個值都有y上的一個惟一值與之對應，則稱x和y（）。c具有函數依賴關系8下列符合第三范式的關系是（）。b教師（編號，姓名，職稱）9一個關系中每條記錄和第二個關系的每條記錄進行連接，所組成的新關系稱為（）。c兩個關系的積10sql server提供的nchar、nvarchar、ntext等幾種雙字節數據類型實際上是一種（）。aunicode數據類型11一個用戶訪問sql server通常要依次經過4個層次的安全控制，分別是（）。a操作系統、服務器、數據庫、表和列12下列哪些不屬于索引的類

13、型（）。d事務日志索引13sql server中進行數據庫備份的sql語句是（）。bbackup database14在成績數據表中，要計算某課程的平均成績，可采用（）。davg函數15設課程成績表的結構為（學號，課程號，成績），如果希望查詢出“成績大于90分且課程號首字母為a的所有記錄”，則對應的sql語句是（）。cselect * from 課程成績表 where 成績90 and 課程號 like a%1計算機數據處理技術大致經歷了（ 人工管理 ）、（ 文件管理 ）、（ 數據庫管理 ）等不同的發展階段。2數據庫系統由（ 外模式 ）、（ 模式 ）和（ 內模式 ）三級抽象模式構成。3 數據庫

14、管理系統的主要功能包括（ 數據定義 ）、（ 數據操縱 ）、（ 數據庫的運行管理 ）、（ 數據庫的建立和維護 ）。4關系模型由三部分組成（ 數據結構 ）、（ 關系操作集合 ）和（ 關系的完整性 ）。5sql server提供了大量易用的管理工具，比較常用的主要有（ 服務管理器 ）、（ 企業管理器 ）和（ 查詢分析器 ）。6數據文件的后綴是（ mdf ）。7事務日志文件的后綴是（ ldf ）。8sql server數據庫分為 （ 系統數據庫 ）和（ 用戶數據庫 ）兩種類型。1sql數據定義語言的主要作用是創建存儲數據的結構，而數據操縱語言的主要作用則是向數據庫中填寫數據，具體包括（ 增加 ）、（

15、刪除 ）、（ 修改 ）等操作。2當需要對查詢結果進行排序時，可以指定其排序方式，字段后使用（ asc ）表示升序，（ desc ）表示降序。3視圖是一個虛表，它是從（ 一個或多個基本表 ）中導出的表。1數據庫設計一般包括 需求分析 、 概念設計 、 邏輯設計 、 物理設計 、 數據庫實施 和 運行維護 等階段。2數據庫應用系統的建設包括 結構設計 和 行為設計 兩個方面。3數據庫設計的主要原則包括 表設計原則 、 字段設計原則 和其他原則。4e-r圖的設計關鍵在于對 實體 、 聯系 的選擇和表示。5物理設計的主要內容包括 存儲記錄的格式設計 、 存儲方法設計 、 訪問方法設計 以及 完整性和安

16、全性考慮 。1數據庫系統的三級模式結構是指數據庫系統由外模式、 模式 和 內模式 三級抽象模式構成。2備份是指將數據從硬盤復制到 可移動媒體 上的過程。3“實體一聯系”方法是描述數據庫概念模型的主要方法，一般稱這種方法為 er方法 （或er圖方法）。4用戶使用sql server數據庫時，一般需要經過兩個安全性階段： 身份驗證 和權限認證。5e-r圖設計一般在數據庫設計的 概念設計 階段使用。1關系模型由三個部分組成，分別是 數據結構 、關系操作集合和 關系的完整性 。2備份是指將數據從硬盤復制到 可移動 媒體上的過程。3數據庫應用系統的建設包括結構設計和 行為設計 兩個方面。4關系完整性是指

17、關系模型中數據的正確性、 一致性 和 有效性 。5sql server 中的事務處理控制語句， rollback tran saction 實現回滾一個事務。1數據庫系統的三級模式結構是指數據庫系統由外模式、 模式 和 內模式 三級抽象模式構成。2進行數據庫備份時，必須同時復制主數據文件和事務日志文件。3“實體一聯系”方法是描述數據庫概念模型的主要方法，一般稱這種方法為e-r方法（或er圖方法）。4用戶使用sql server數據庫時，一般需要經過兩個安全性階段：身份驗證和權限認證。1sql語言共分為四大類，即數據定義語言，數據查詢語言，數據操縱語言和數據控制語言。2能夠惟一標識某條記錄的屬性

18、稱為 主鍵 。3關系的規范化程度可分為多個級別，但通常只需要達到第 三 范式即可。4備份是指將數據從硬盤復制到 可移動 媒體上的過程。1能夠惟一表示數據表中的每條記錄的字段或者字段的組合稱為主碼或主鍵（）。2sql server數據庫中的null值（空值）表示的是 “空格”或“0”值（）3一個不規范的關系模式通常會引發插入異常、刪除異常和更新異常，導致大量的數據冗余。（）4根據索引的特點，應該對那些數據量大、查詢頻度較高、實時性要求強的基本表創建索引，（）5數據庫設計是指對于一個給定的應用環境，構造最優的數據庫模式，建立數據庫及其應用系統，有效存儲數據，滿足用戶信息要求和處理要求。（）6參照完

19、整性規則通常是指在兩個參照和被參照關系中，參照關系中每條記錄的外鍵或者為空，或者等于被參照關系中某條記錄的主鍵。（）1數據流圖是需求分析的常用工具之一，人們也經常稱它為dfd圖（ ）。2數據庫中只有一個模式，也只有一個內模式，所以模式內模式映像是惟一的。（ ）。3sql server數據庫中的null值（空值）表示的是 “空格”或“0”值（ ）4sql server中的tempdb數據庫是一個臨時數據庫，屬用戶數據庫（ ）5sql雖被稱為“查詢語言”，其功能卻不僅僅限于查詢（ ）1計算機數據處理技術大致經歷了人工管理、文件管理和sql server數據庫管理三大階段（）。2能夠惟一表示數據表中

20、的每條記錄的字段或者字段的組合稱為主碼或主鍵（）。3sql server數據庫中的null值（空值）表示的是 “空格”或“0”值（）4一個不規范的關系模式通常會引發插入異常、刪除異常和更新異常，導致大量的數據冗余。（）5目前的關系數據庫系統一般都支持標準sql語句（）1delete table的功能是刪除表結構。（ ）2在教師任課關系（教師編號，教師姓名，教師職稱，課程號，課程名，課時費）中，主鍵是教師編號。（ ）3觸發器是一種特殊的存儲過程，它基于一個表創建，可以針對多個表進行操作。（）4做結構設計時，要盡量使設計符合第三范式的要求。（ ）5登錄賬號用于身份驗證，用戶賬號用于權限驗證。（ ）

21、請您刪除一下內容，o(_)o謝謝！2016年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an american invention. from high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the nat

22、ional collegiate athletic association (ncaa) annual tournament and the national basketball association (nba) and womens national basketball association (wnba) playoffs. and it has also made american heroes out of its player and coach legends like michael jordan, larry bird, earvin magic johnson, she

23、ryl swoopes, and other great players. at the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. the space is a rectangular, indoor court. the principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. the ball i

24、s spherical in shape and is inflated. basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g). for players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measures 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a wo

25、mens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. the covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. orange is the regulation color. at all levels of play, the home team pro

26、vides the ball. inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. the ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped

27、on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. the factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. during the intensity of high school and college tourneys and t

28、he professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. on december 1, 1891, in springfield, massachusetts, james naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules

29、 based on five principles to his students at the international training school of the young mens christian association (ymca), which later became springfield college. naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running

30、, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. the peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. his students were excited about the game, and christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local ymcas about

31、the game. the association leaders wrote to naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the triangle, the school newspaper, on january 15,1892. naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. players could no

32、t move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. the playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. to score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goa

33、l. the team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. early in the history of basketball, the local ymcas provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. the size of the local gym dictated the number of players; smaller gyms used five players on a sid

34、e, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. the team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. the ymca lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety

35、of activities. ymca membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. this led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. although basketball was born in the united states, five of naismiths original players

36、 were canadians, and the game spread to canada immediately. it was played in france by 1893; england in 1894; australia, china, and india between 1895 and 1900; and japan in 1900. from 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. the first basketball was manufactured in 1894. it was

37、 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. the dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). the first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were r

38、uled official in 1949. the rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. colleges and universities established their rules committees in 1905, the ymca and the amateur athletic union (aau) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there wer

39、e two professional sets of rules. a joint rules committee for colleges, the aau, and the ymca was created in 1915, and, under the name the national basketball committee (nbc) made rules for amateur play until 1979. in that year, the national federation of state high school associations began governi

40、ng the sport at the high school level, and the ncaa rules committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the armed forces, with a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. until world war ii, basketball became increasingly popular in the united

41、 states especially at the high school and college levels. after world war ii, its popularity grew around the world. in the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. broadcast of the ncaa championship games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carryi

42、ng regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. players like bill russell, wilt chamberlain, and lew alcindor (kareem abdul-jabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. the womens game

43、changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of ncaa championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the wnba in 1997. internationally, italy has pro

44、bably become the leading basketball nation outside of the united states, with national, corporate, and professional teams. the olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an olympic event in 1976. again, television coverage of the olympics has

45、 been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. the first professional mens basketball league in the united states was the national basketball league (nbl), which debuted in 1898. players were paid on a per-game basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quali

46、ty of games and the ever-changing players on a team. after the great depression, a new nbl was organized in 1937, and the basketball association of america was organized in 1946. the two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to

47、 govern the game; under these premises, the two joined to form the national basketball association (nba) in 1949. a rival american basketball association (aba) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the nba for college talent and market share for almost ten years. in 1976, this league disbanded, but

48、 four of its teams remained as nba teams. unification came just in time for major television support. several womens professional leagues were attempted and failed, including the womens professional basketball league (wbl) and the womens world basketball association, before the wnba debuted in 1997

49、with the support of the nba. james naismith, originally from al-monte, ontario, invented basketball at the international ymca training school in springfield, massachusetts, in 1891. the game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exe

50、rcise for football players. as a result, it was originally a rough sport. although ten of naismiths original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. the first intercollegiate game was played in minnesota in 1895, with nine playe

51、rs to a side and a final score of nine to three. a year later, the first five-man teams played at the university of chicago. baskets were now constructed of twine nets but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the nets were open. in 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points,

52、 foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. a year later, the first professional league was started, in the east, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. in 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass bac

53、kboards were used for the first time. nonetheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, collegians, or ymca players were involved. college basketball was played from texas to wisconsin and throughout the east through the 1920s, but most tea

54、ms played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. professional basketball was played almost exclusively in the east before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. before the 1

55、930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balc

56、onies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. until the late 1930s, all players used the two-hand set shot, and scores remained low. basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more organized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball a

57、nd college football. in the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. they were the new york original celtics; the cleveland rosenblums, owned by max rosenblum; eddie gottliebs philadelphia sphas (south philadelphia hebrew association); and two great black

58、teams, the new york renaissance five and abe sapersteins harlem globetrotters, which was actually from chicago. while these teams had some notable players, no superstars, such as babe ruth, jack dempsey, or red grange, emerged to capture the publics attention as they did in other sports of the period.