1、Logistics Glossaryversion 1.2Revisi on HistoryDateIssueDescriptionAuthor23/Mar/2001V1.0初始創(chuàng)建，參考了 Exe （全球領先的倉庫 管理系統(tǒng)軟件供應商）的物流術語表Luke20/Sep/2001V1.1增補了國家標準物流術語GB/T18354-2001的部分內容LukeTable of Contents1. Introduction 62. Definitions 72.1 Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) 72.2 Advanced Ship Notice (AS

2、N) 72.3 Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS) 72.4 Back Order 72.5 Batch Picking (Batch Selection) 72.6 Bill of Lading 72.7 Carrier 72.8 Cart 82.9 Case 82.10 Case Pack 82.11 Code-Dated 82.12 Consolidation 92.13 Conveyor 92.14 Cross Docking 92.15 Distribution 92.16 Distribution Center 92.17

3、Distribution Channel 102.18 Distribution logistics 102.19 Distribution Planning 102.20 Distribution Processing 102.21 Distribution requirement planning ( DRP) 102.22 Distribution resource planning ( DRP n) 102.23 Distributor 102.24 Dock 102.25 Dock Door 112.26 Dry Grocery 112.27 Dunnage 112.28 ECR(E

4、fficient Customer Response) 112.29 EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) 112.30 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) 112.31 FIFO(First In First Out) 112.32 Fixed Slot 112.33 Floating Slot 122.34 Floor Slot 122.35 Flow Thru 122.36 ForkLift 122.37 Forward Location 122.38 Freight Charges 122.39 Full Pallet Se

5、lect 132.40 Gravity-Flow Rack 132.41 Handling/carrying 132.42 Handling Unit 132.43 Harmonized Tariff Code 132.44 Harardous Class/Indicator 132.45 Inbound 132.46 Inner Pack 132.47 Inventory 142.48 Inventory Adjustment 142.49 Inventory Control 142.50 Inventory Detail 142.51 Invoice 142.52 Just in time

6、(JIT) 142.53 JIT Delivery System 142.54 Label 152.55 Lead Time 152.56 LTL(Less-Than-Truckload) 152.57 Let Down(Replenishment) 152.58 License Plate 152.59 Loading and unloading 152.60 Logistics 152.61 Logistics center 162.62 Lot Number 162.63 Material requirements planning (MRP )162.64 Manufacturing

7、resource planning (MRP n) 162.65 Minimum Order Requirements 162.66 Mixed Load 162.67 Narrow Aisle 172.68 Numbering System 172.69 Order picking 172.70 Order Selection 172.71 Out-Of-Stock 172.72 Outbound 172.73 Package/packaging 172.74 Pallet 172.75 Pallet Cube 182.76 Physical Inventory 182.77 Pick Ra

8、te 182.78 Production Detail 182.79 Production ID 182.80 Production logistics 182.81 Purchase Order 182.82 Put-away 182.83 Quick response(QR) 192.84 Rack 192.85 Rack Bay 192.86 Receiving 192.87 Replenishment 192.88 Replenishment Level 192.89 Retail Unit 192.90 RF Unit 192.91 Safety Stock 202.92 Sales

9、 Order 202.93 Service Level 202.94 Shipping 202.95 Shipping Unit/Shipping Case 202.96 Slot(Location) 202.97 Sorting 202.98 Split-Case(Broken-Case) 212.99 Staging Area 212.100 Stereoscopic warehouse 21 2.101 SKU(Stock Keeping Unit) 212.102 Storage and Replenishment 212.103 Storing 212.104 Storage 212

10、.105 Straight Load 212.106 Supplier(Vendor) 222.107 Supply Chain 222.108 SCE(Supply Chain Execution) 222.109 Suply Chain Inventory Visibility 222.110 SCM(Suply Chain Management) 232.111 SCP(Supply Chain Planning) 232.112 Supply logistics 232.113 Transportation 232.114 Third Party Logistics(TPL) 242.

11、115 TMS(Transporation Management System) 242.116 Transportation Planning and Scheduling 242.117 UPC(Universal Product Code) 242.118 Virtual logistics 242.119 VMI(Vendor-Managed Inventory) 242.120 Warehouse 242.121 WMS(Warehouse Management System) 252.122 Warehouse Point 252.123 Zero-inventory techno

12、logy 252.124 252.125 252.126 252.127 252.128 252.129 252.130 252.131 252.132 262.133 262.134 262.135 262.136 262.137 262.138 262.139 262.140 26Logistics Glossary1. Introduction本文檔定義了物流領域中的一些術語。 人們在溝通中出現的很多障礙或誤解往往是由于對于一些基本概 念沒有統(tǒng)一認識而造成的，因此術語的標準化是非常重要的，術語標準化是有效溝通的基礎。本文檔采 用中英文對照的形式， 本人依據原文并結合自己的理解進行了意譯，

13、 期望使用本文檔的同事能對文檔內 容進行勘誤和豐富，以便更好的為大家的工作帶來方便。 .2. Definitions本文檔定義了物流領域中的一些術語 .2.1 Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS)高級計劃和調度A subcomponent of supply chain planning, typically contextually describing manufacturing planning and scheduling . 供應鏈計劃的子模塊，典型的包括了制造計劃和調度2.2 Advanced Ship Notice (ASN)提前到貨通知E

14、lectronic message, including electronic data interchange (EDI) or Extensible Markup Language (XML), giving notification of product due prior to receipt .以EDI或XML電子報文形式發(fā)給倉庫的提前到貨通知，倉庫將據此安排收貨計劃2.3 Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS)Computer-driven highrise system used to store and select cas

15、es or items automatically. A system typically consists of highrise shelving, multi-level conveyors, and highrise industrial truck equipment .2.4 Back OrderThe automatic addition of the out-of-stocks listed on one order to another shipment being delivered to a retail store. There are two types of bac

16、k orders: 1) receiving a supplier or vendor (the back order is sent with the next order), and 2) shipping to a customer (send the back order with the next order).The process a company uses when a customer orders an item that is not in inventory; the company fills the order when the item becomes avai

17、lable.2.5 Batch Picking (Batch Selection)批量揀貨A method of order selection in which several orders for different cus-tomers, or a batch of them, are picked together. Generally, a number of selectors work at the same time in different sections of the facility to pick the batch .揀貨的一種方法，具體指同時揀取不同客戶的若干張定

18、單或一批定單2.6 Bill of Lading提單A document issued by a carrier that records the receipt of goods for shipment and the contract terms. It is not an invoice.由承運人簽發(fā)給委托方記錄貨物收到及運輸合同條款的單證，提單是有價證券，可轉讓、抵押， 是商業(yè)發(fā)票2.7 Carrier承運人Any individual, company, or corporation engaged in transporting goods-comi ng fromgoi ng但

19、不從事貨物運輸的個人或公司2.8 Cart手推車A manually pushed or pulled platform that has a handle and four wheels. It is used to move merchandise in the facility .具有把手和四輪可手工推拉的平臺，用于在倉庫中移動貨物2.9 Case箱The storage case that is taken in at receiving. This can vary from a ven-dor case when it is split during receiving. The

20、column in a table repre-sents the number of retail units in a case .Example:Product: 12 oz. Cola cansCase: 24 cans in a master caseInner Pack: 6 cans tied together with plastic (a six-pack)Retail Unit: A single canIn this example, if the customer orders by six-packs, the shipping unit would be set t

21、o 6.If the customer orders by the case, the shipping unit would be set to 24. If the customer orders by the retail unit, the shipping unit would be set to 1.Note : This is only oneexample of the many different ways that a product can be set up. A single products shipping unit can be set differently

22、on different product details.收貨時的存儲容器，因供應商而異， 例如：產品：可樂箱： 24 罐/ 主箱內包裝： 6 罐用塑料膜捆起來( 6罐包)零售單位： 1 罐在上面的例子中，如果客戶按 6 罐包來定，則發(fā)運單位將設置為6，若客戶按箱來定，則發(fā)運單位設置為 24，假如客戶按零售單位來定，則發(fā)運單位設置為12.10 Case PackThe number of selling units in a shipping case.2.11 Code-Dated日期編碼Merchandise bearing a date code indicating when a pr

23、oduct was pack-aged, placed on display, or should be sold. Code dates facilitate rotation and help prevent the sale of off-quality items .每件貨品給一個日期編碼表示何時被包裝、展示、應該被銷售，應用日期編碼可防止銷售已經變質的商品2.12 Consolidation集貨The act of assembling less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments into truck-load (TL) shipments .將不夠一個整

24、車或整柜的貨拼成一個整車或整柜，目前海、陸、空、鐵都有集貨操作2.13 Conveyor傳送帶A flexible band or belt used to transport cases or products from one place in a facility to another .倉儲中用來傳送箱子或產品的帶子2.14 Cross Docking越庫管理Product (usually in pallet quantities) is designated for certain customers before or at the time of delivery. The p

25、roduct is taken directly from the inbound dock to the outbound dock. Note: The received quantity is not added into the inventory .貨物從入口站臺收貨后，直接運到出口站臺裝車出運(收到的數量不計入庫存)2.15 Distribution配送、分銷The movement of products from where they are made to where they are used. There arefour levels of food store dist

26、ribution: manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, and consuming .在經濟合理區(qū)域范圍內，根據用戶要求，對物品進行揀選、加工、包裝、分割、組配等作業(yè)，并按時送 達指定地點的物流活動。( GB/T18354-2001 )2.16 Distribution Center配送中心Wholesale facility of a chain-store company or distributor .(GB/T18354-2001 )從事配送業(yè)務的物流場所或組織，應符合下列要求：a)主要為特定的用戶服務b)配送功能健全c)完善的信息網絡d)輻射

27、范圍小e)多品種、小批量f)以配送為主，儲存為輔2.17 Distribution Channel分銷渠道The selling channels supported by an enterprise. These may include retail sales, distribution partner (e.g., wholesale) sales, original equipment manufacturer (OEM) sales, Internet exchange or marketplace sales, and Internet auction or reverse auc

28、tions sales2.18 Distribution logistics銷售物流( GB/T18354-2001 )生產企業(yè)、流通企業(yè)出售商品時，物品在供方與需方之間的實體流動。2.19 Distribution Planning配送計劃The ability to assess where products and services should be deployed and determine the stock-keeping unit/location-level replenishment plan .決定在多倉庫環(huán)境下每個倉庫的補貨計劃2.20 Distribution Pr

29、ocessing流通加工( GB/T18354-2001 )物品在從生產地到使用地的過程中，根據需要施加包裝、分割、計量、分 揀、刷標志、栓標簽、組裝等簡單作業(yè)的總稱。2.21 Distribution requirement planning( DRP )配送需求計劃( GB/T18354-2001 )一種既保證有效地滿足市場需要，又能使得物流資源配置費用最省 的計劃方法，是 MRP 原理與方法在物品配送中的運用。2.22 Distributen resource planning( DRP n)配送資源計劃( GB/T18354-2001 )一種企業(yè)內物品配送計劃系統(tǒng)管理模式。是在 DRP

30、 的基礎上提高各 環(huán)節(jié)的物流能力，達到系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化運行的目的。2.23 Distributor分銷商Generally refers to a wholesaler. However, it also refers to a specialized wholesaler who handles one brand or category of product (e.g., appliances, automotives, and glassware).通常指批發(fā)商， 有時也指經營某一品牌或某一類產品 (如汽車、 玻璃制品等) 的專業(yè)批發(fā)商2.24 Dock碼頭、站臺 A collection of

31、 dock doors where trucks or rail cars are loaded (shipping) or unloaded (receiving).卡車或火車可進行裝卸貨作業(yè)的場所，有很多門2.25 Dock Door站臺門Used to load or unload trailers or vans. Each dock door is identified individually within the system.用于車輛裝卸，在系統(tǒng)中將會標識每一個門2.26 Dry Grocery干貨Non-perishable, unrefrigerated packaged

32、products found in food stores 非易腐的、非冷凍的包裝產品2.27 DunnageLoose material used around cargo to prevent damage 包在貨物周圍用于防止破損的疏松材料2.28 ECR(Efficient Customer Response)快速客戶反應A consumer goods (primarily grocery) initiative aimed at reducing inefficient practices and waste in the supply chain2.29 EDI(Electron

33、ic Data Interchange)電子數據交換A computer system developed in 1982 that enables companies to communicate electronically using Uniform Communications Standards (UCS). EDI can be used for order entry, invoices, and correspondence which eliminates the need for typewritten documents.2.30 Enterprise resource

34、planning( ERP )企業(yè)資源計劃(GB/T18354-2001 )在MRP H基礎上，通過前饋的物流和反饋的信息流、資金流，把客 戶需求和企業(yè)內部的生產經營活動以及供應商的資源整合在一起，體現完全按用戶需求進行經營管理 的一種全新的管理方法。2.31 FIFO(First In First Out)先進先出Using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method to stock and sell merchan-dise; the oldest issold first to ensure quality and freshness. Rotation

35、 is often guided by code-dating先進先出應用于庫存管理和銷售中，即先入庫的商品應該先出庫以保證質量和鮮度2.32 Fixed Slot固定貨槽A preassigned and permanent location on the selection line for a particular item or case(s) of mercha ndise. See also Floati ng Slot.2.33 Float ing Slot流動貨槽A random location on the selection line for a particular i

36、tem or case of merchandise.Inbound pallets are placed in the first available open slot (or in several different, non-adjoining slots). See also Fixed Slot.2.34 Floor SlotA location on the selection line that consists of floor space for the stacking of mercha ndise2.35 Flow ThruGen erates shipp ing i

37、n structi ons at the point of receipt, which elim in ates the n eed for product to be put-away in the warehouse. In stead, the product can be directly tran sferred from an in bou nd trailer directly to an outbou nd trailer在收貨時即產生了發(fā)運指令，貨物直接從入口的車輛上轉移到發(fā)運的車輛上，從而減少了產品入庫的需求，類似于 Cross Docking2.36 ForkLift叉

38、車A mecha ni cal device used to tra nsport pallet loads to or from storage.用于裝卸卡板的一種機械設備2.37 Forward Locati onThe primary location from which the specified product is selected (temporary, rack, floor, drive-in, flow, shelf, beltpick, or pick-in-reserve).2.38 Freight Charges運費The cost of tran sport in

39、g goods from the sellers warehouse to the buyers warehouse or store. Prepaid usually means freight costs are paid by the seller who forwards no bill to the customer. Full Freight Allowed usually mea ns that the seller will ultimately pay freightcosts; however the seller may ship goods collect and re

40、quire the buyer to pay the freight bill. The buyer may the n either in voice the seller or deduct the freight charges from the remitta nee to the seller for goods received. FOB (Free on Board) specifies payme nt of freight charges one of two ways. FOB Destin ati on means a shipme nt is moved free on

41、 board to a desti nati on; the seller pays the freight. FOB Factory (the point of ori-g in) means a shipme nt is loaded free on board at the point of origi n; the buyer pays for the freight. Collect on Delivery (COD) means the buyer pays for the freight at the time of receipt從賣家倉庫運輸貨物到買家倉庫的花費。2.39 F

42、ull Pallet Select整板選取A full pallet select occurs whe n the ordered qua ntity is the same as the qua ntity on a full pallet. The selection is usually performed by a fork-lift當定單的定貨數量與整板貨物數量相同時就叫做整板選取，通常用叉車操作2.40 Gravity-Flow Rack重力流料架A series of inclined shelves with rollers replenished from the rear

43、. As one unit is selected, ano ther automatically moves forward2.41 Han dli ng/carry ing在同一場所內，對物品進行水平移動為主的物流作業(yè)。(GB/T18354-2001)2.42 Han dli ng Unit處理單元Goods or aggregation of goods bundled together for distribution and logistics purposes.May in clude an in dividual item in a cart on, comb ined item

44、s on pallets and skids, or items transferred in independently identified containers, such as ocean containers, rail cars or truck ing trailers處理單元包括了一個紙箱中的單獨貨品、卡板上的成組貨品、在獨立的標識容器中運輸的貨品2.43 Harmo nized Tariff CodeA code to n umerically describe all articles in in ter nati onal trade man aged by the Wo

45、rldHSCustoms Orga nizatio n由世界海關組織維護的關于國際貿易貨品的編碼，也就是通常所說的Code2.44 Harardous Class/I ndicator危險品分類/標識In dicates whether the product is a hazard or source of dan ger. This preve nts non- hazardous product from being mixed with hazardous products. The class in dicates the category of hazardous material

46、標識產品是否是危險品，危險品的分類2.45 Inbound入口The flow of products into a distribution center prior to order selection2.46 Inner Pack內包裝A unit that is a multiple of a storage case. Normally this is some shrink-wrapped or bundled quantity of retail units within a case. The inner pack is made up of one or many retai

47、l units. This quantity is not required to equal the number of retail units in a shipping unit.內包裝通常是收縮包纏或零售單元打包， 內包裝是由一個或多個零售單元組成， 發(fā)運單位不一定與零售 單位相同2.47 Inventory庫存All stock on hand at any given time, either visibly displayed or in stockrooms and other secured areas. Inventory also refers to compiling

48、 an itemized list of all such items 指定時刻所有貨品的在庫量。處于儲存狀態(tài)的物品。廣義的庫存還包括處于制造狀態(tài)和運輸狀態(tài)的物品( GB/T18354-2001 )2.48 Inventory Adjustment庫存調整Adjustments made to the inventory created by the physical inventory and cycle counting processes當盤點出現異動后對庫存進行調整2.49 Inventory Control存量控制Control of current stock (shelf, ba

49、ck room, warehouse, on order, etc.) so that merchandise received conforms to sales demands, and out-of-stocks or over-stocks are avoided控制當前庫存使得收到的貨品能滿足銷售的需求，避免缺貨或積壓情況的出現2.50 Inventory Detail存儲細節(jié)A pallet of a single product located in a warehouse location. When a pallet is put away,the information f

50、rom the receipt detail is transferred to the inventory detail. The inventory detail is then associated with the location當一板貨放置到存儲區(qū)后，存儲細節(jié)被更新，存儲細節(jié)與存儲位置相關2.51 Invoice發(fā)票A bill for goods showing the amount owed to a creditor2.52 Just in time(JIT)準時制( GB/T18354-2001 ) 在精確測定生產各工藝環(huán)節(jié)作業(yè)效率的前提下按訂單準確的計劃， 消除一切無效作

51、業(yè)與浪費為目的標的 一種管理模式。2.53 JIT Delivery System即時交貨系統(tǒng)An inventory management system in which warehouse inventory is maintained at minimum levels because replenishment stock is immedi-ately available from suppliers即時交貨系統(tǒng)保證了庫存處于最低水平，因為可以立即地從供應商處補貨2.54 Label標簽A pressure-sensitive, adhesive-backed paper (cont

52、aining product, pric-ing, and other information) affixed to cases or pallets to identify and track them through the distribution process 貼在箱或卡板上的紙條， 通常包括包含產品信息， 用于在整個配送過程中標識和跟蹤這批貨2.55 Lead TimeTotal time from receipt of store order to the scheduled delivery time of the product at the store從收到門店的定單開始

53、到貨交付到門店所花費的時間2.56 LTL(Less-Than-Truckload)A shipment weighing less than the weight required for a truckload rate 運輸重量少于整車的額定重量2.57 Let Down(Replenishment)The moving of inventory from reserve storage to the active picking slots below從后備區(qū)移動貨物到活動揀貨區(qū)2.58 License PlateNormally a bar code identifying a pa

54、llet or quantity of product; can be generic or system-generated用來標識一個卡板或若干貨品的條形碼2.59 Loading and unloading裝卸( GB/T18354-2001 ) 物品在指定地點以人力或機械裝入運輸設備或卸下。2.60 Logistics物流Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of g

55、oods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements.( Definition of Council of Logistics Management)物品從供應地向接收地的實物流動過程。根據實際需要，將運輸、儲存、裝卸、包裝、流通加工、配 送、信息處理等基本功能實施有機結合。( GB/T18354-2001 )2.61 Logistics center物流中心( GB/T18354-2

56、001 )從事物流活動的場所或組織，應基本符合下列條件：a )主要面向社會服務b )物流功能健全c )完善的信息網絡d )輻射范圍大e )少品種、大批量f )存儲、吞吐能力強g )物流業(yè)務統(tǒng)一經營、管理2.62 Lot Number 批號The process of tracking production where units are produced in a batch 用于跟蹤同一批次產品的編號，批次的編號規(guī)則應生產廠商而異 例一： 某制藥企業(yè)的批號編碼規(guī)則： 兩位年份 + 四位日期 + 兩位當天生產批次流水號2.63 Material requirements planning (

57、MRP )物料需求計劃( GB/T18354-2001 )一種工業(yè)制造企業(yè)內的物資計劃管理模式。根據產品結構個層次 物品的從屬和數量關系，以每個物品為計劃對象，以完工日期為時間基準倒排計劃，按提前期長短區(qū)別 各個物品下達計劃時間的先后順序。2.64 Manufacturing resource planning(MRP n)制造需求計劃( GB/T18354-2001 )從整體最優(yōu)的角度出發(fā)，運用科學的方法，對企業(yè)的各種制造資 源和企業(yè)生產經營各環(huán)節(jié)實行合理有效地計劃、組織、控制和協(xié)調，達到既能連續(xù)均衡生產，又能有效 地降低各種物品的庫存兩，進而提高企業(yè)經濟效益的管理方法。2.65 Minimum Order Requirements最小定單要求A minimum quantity of goods (s