1、動(dòng)名詞（ Gerund） 動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語形式，由動(dòng)詞 + ing構(gòu)成，否定形式為 not doing，兼有動(dòng)詞的特征和名詞的功能。 一、動(dòng)名詞保留著動(dòng)詞的特征，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。其時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)形式如 下： 語態(tài)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式 時(shí)態(tài)形式 一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 二、動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和定語 1、作主語 動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來，所以，動(dòng)名詞的意義往往是表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某 件事情。例如： Walking is good exercise走. 路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng) Seeing is be

2、lieving眼. 見為實(shí)。 Smoking may cause cancer吸. 煙可能導(dǎo)致癌癥。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火車到杭州要 16 個(gè)小時(shí)。 Swimming develops the muscles游. 泳可以發(fā)展肌肉。 注意： 動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，對(duì)于一些比較長的動(dòng)名詞短語，一般采用 It is 和 There is 兩種句式來表示。例如： 1 / 16 It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office. 我從辦公室回家要花十分 鐘。 It needs

3、 time to make three copies of it.把它復(fù)制三份需要時(shí)間。 Its nice talking with you. 和你談話很高興。 Its no use arguing with him.跟他爭論沒用。 It is no good learning without practice. 學(xué)而不實(shí)踐是沒好處的。 There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。 There is no denying that she is very efficient她. 效率高是不容否認(rèn)的。 2、作定語 動(dòng)名詞作定語的情況并不是很普遍，

4、一般只限于單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語，表 示“用于的”或表示 “處于某件事情中的 含”義。例如： swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 閱讀材料 walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮針 opening speech開幕詞 listening aid 助聽器 waiting room 候車室 working people 勞動(dòng)人民 3、作表語 動(dòng)名詞作表語的時(shí)候，特別要注意： 不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。動(dòng)名詞作表語，表達(dá)的是 “某件事 ”等。例如： 動(dòng)名詞作表語，容易與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相混淆。記住： 動(dòng)名詞表語表達(dá)的是 “某件事 ”與（不定式短語

5、的意義相近 ），而現(xiàn)在分詞表語 表示 “具有某個(gè)作用 ”。例如： 2 / 16 The situation is very much encouraging（. 現(xiàn)在分詞）形勢非常令人鼓舞。 His present job is not that stimulating as he expected.（現(xiàn)在分詞） 他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。 Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式）他們 的計(jì)劃是今年再為員工們建一棟宿舍樓。 他的愿望是當(dāng)飛行員。 4、作賓語。動(dòng)名詞既可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語，

6、也可以作介詞的賓語。例如： He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. 在下列動(dòng)詞或詞組后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不能用不定式： admit ，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，deny, dislike，enjoy，escape， excuse，face，feel like， finish，forgive，give up，imagine， include， keep， mention，mind，miss，practise，put off ，resist，risk， suggest，can t he（lp情 不自

7、禁）等。 下列動(dòng)詞或詞組可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別： forget ， go on，mean，regret，rember，stop，try。例如： Let s go on studying Lesson 6. （讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課。說明前面已學(xué)了一部分。） Let s go on to study Lesson 6. （讓我們接著學(xué)第六課。說明前面已學(xué)了第五課。） 3 / 16 I rember doing the exercise.（我記得做過練習(xí)。） I must rember to do it. （我必須記著做這事。） I tried not to go there. （我

8、設(shè)法不去那里。） I tried doing it again.（我試著又干了一次。） Stop speaking.（不要講話。） He stopped to talk.（他停下來講話。） Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。） 在 allow，advise， forbid，permit 等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，如 果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如： We don t allow smoking here. We don t allow students to s

9、moke. 動(dòng)詞 need，require，want 作“需要 ”解，其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或 不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語表示事情需要做，這時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意 義。 be worth 后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)意義。如： The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短語 devote to， look forward to ，stick to，to be used to， object to， thankyou for ，excuse me for，b

10、e（kept） busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem（in） ， have agood/wonderful/hard time（in） ， there s no use/good/ne，edfeel/seem like/get down to 等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式，例如： I look forward to hearing from you soon. 4 / 16 在 love，hate，prefer ，like 等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。有 時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語時(shí)指某一具體行為。 start ，begin，c

11、ontinue 在書面語中多后接動(dòng)名詞，在口語中多后接不定 式。 但 start 和 begin 在下列情況下一般跟不定式作賓語： 當(dāng)主語是物而不是人時(shí)；當(dāng) start 或 begin以-ing 形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，當(dāng)后面作賓 語的動(dòng)詞表示感情、思想或意念時(shí)。如： It started to snow.He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand whathe meant. 在 should(would) like/love 等后須用不定式。 2，練習(xí)題 、單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. No one enjoys at. A. laughing B.

12、to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2. You must do something to prevent your house . A. to be broken in B. from being broken in D. from breaking in C. to break in 3. They insisted on another chance to try. 5 / 16 A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given 4. - Where is my passport? I re

13、mber it here. - You shouldnt have left it here. Rember it with you all the time. A. to put ；to take C. putting； to take B. putting； taking D. to put ；taking 5. His room needs , so he must have it . A. painting； painted C. painting； painting B. painted；painting D. painted；painted 6. After finishing h

14、is homework he went on a letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 7. The young trees we planted last week require with great care. 6 / 16 A. looking after C. to be looked after B. to look after D. taken good care of 8. Only English doesnt mean the language. A. to learn；to lear

15、n C. learning about； learn B. learning；learning D. learning about； learning 9. She returned home only to find the door open and something A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 10. She decided to devote herself the problem of old age. A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study 1

16、1. Rember the newspaper when you have finished it. 7 / 16 A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 12. As she is looking forward to from me, please rember thisletter on your way to school. A. hear；post C. be heard；posting B. hearing；to post D. be hearing；to posting 1 3. Grandma said

17、 that she had a lot of trouble your handwriting. A. to read B. to see C. reading D. in seeing 1 4. Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8 / 16 5. We appreciate us to the ball. A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited 16. Would you mind

18、quiet for a moment? Im trying a form. A. keeping； filling out C. keeping；to fill out B. to keep；to fill out D. to keep；filling out 1 7. He was afraid for being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen 18. Id like to suggest the meeting till next week. A. to put off B. puttin

19、g off C. put off 9 / 16 D. to be put off 19. I dont see how I could possibly manage the work without A. finish； helping B. to finish； being helped D. finishing； being helped C. finishing； helping 2 0. Anything worth is worthy of well. A. doing；being done B. doing； doing D. to be done；being done C. t

20、o be done；to be done 2 1. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted the work. A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing 22. I delayed your letter because I had been away for a week. A. answer B. answering 10 / 16 C. writing D. to post 2 3. The thief drove as fast as he could to

21、escape by the police. A. to be caught B. be caught C. being caught D. catching 24. I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I it athome. Then I rembered it out to pay for the taxi. A. must have left；to take C. might leave； to take B. may leave； taking D. could have left； taki

22、ng 2 5. the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears. A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard 26. his mother, the baby could not help . A. To see； to laugh 11 / 16 C. Seeing； laughing B. Seeing； to laugh D. To see； laughing 2 7. Its no use so much money on clothes. A. s

23、pend B. spent C. spending D. being spent 28. The sentence needs . A. improve B. a improvement C. improving D. improved 29. If he succeed a job, his children wouldnt be suffering from hungernow. A. to find B. to look for C. in finding D. in looking for 30. I still rember to my home town when I was yo

24、ung. A. taking 12 / 16 B. taken C. being taken D. to take 、填入動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式： 1. Can you imagine yourself in a lonely island? (stay) 2. I cant understand your at that poor child. (laugh) 3. She didnt mind overtime. (work) 4. To make a living, he tried , , and various other things, but he hadfailed in all. (write; paint) 6.