1、試題下載 /mydoc-68012249-1.html全國海船船員11新規則考試（輪機部（輪機英語）試題及答案（四）第二部分 船舶輔助機械第五章 分油機、穿壓機和海水液化裝置1.one of the reasons that caused oil flowed from sludge outlet of a self-cleaning separator is( ).a.seal water supply be cut offb.make-up water supply be cut offc.oil outlet valve closed or not

2、open sufficientlyd.the flow rate of oily water is too much答案：b解析：自動排渣分油機排渣口跑油的原因之一是補償水被切斷。2.( )can cause oil flow from sludge outlet of self cleaning separator.a.too much sludge accumulated in separator bowlb.diameter of gravity disc too largec.high level tank lack of waterd.oil input too rapidly答案：

3、c解析：accumulate:積累.bowl：分離筒，滾筒【譯文】：自動排渣分油機高置水箱缺水會引起排渣口跑油。3.( )can cause oil flow from water outlet of a separator.a.oil inlet valve opening too quicklyb.oil temperature little higher than normalc.diameter of gravity disc too smalld.viscosity of oil little lower than normal答案：a解析：viscosity:黏度【譯文】：分油機進

4、油閥開啟速度太快會引起出水口跑油。4.( )can not cause oil flow from water outlet of self cleaning separator.a.oil temperature too highb.diameter of gravity too largec.oil temperature too lowd.high level tank out of water答案：d解析：自動排渣分油機高置水箱缺水不會引起出水口跑油。5.the separating effect of oil separator is not very good, the reaso

5、n may be( ).a.too little seal waterb.improper gravity discc.oil discharging pump not working very welld.low water level of the working water答案：b解析：improper:不合適的【譯文】：分油機的分離效果不理想，其原因可能是比重環選擇不當。6.to ensure oil separator working in normal condition, the interval between two sludge dischargings should no

6、t exceed( ).a.2 hrsb.4 hrsc.5 hrsd.6 hrs答案：b解析：exceed:超過【譯文】：為確保分油機工作正常，兩次排渣的間隔不應超過4h。7.when stopping the oil separator, you should( ) firstly.a.cut off the powerb.cut off the oil inletc.open guide water valved.close oil outlet valve答案：b解析：當停止分油機工作時，應先切斷進油。8.when separating fuel oil in oil separator

7、, the separating quantity is( ) of the rated quantity.a.100%b.80%c.1/2d.1/3答案：c解析：分油機分離燃油時，分離量應為額定分離量的1/2。9.when separating lube oil in oil separator, the optimal separating quantity is( )of the rated quantity on name plate.a.100%b.1/2c.1/5d.1/3答案：d解析：optimal：最佳的【譯文】：分油機分離滑油時，最佳分離量應為銘牌上額定分離量的1/3。10.

8、when separating the lube oil without additive, it is usually cleaned with hot water;the aim is to remove( )from it.a.acidb.sludgec.mechanical impurityd.salinity答案：a解析：additive：添加劑；aim:目標，針對；acid：酸；impurity：雜質；salinity：鹽度【譯文】：分離不含添加劑的滑油時，通常使用熱水，其目的是為了去除油中的酸。11.a centrifuge of which the bowl is arrang

9、ed as the upper and lower parts separate discharges the sludge( ).a.by opening the separator manuallyb.by separating the lower part from the upper part automaticallyc.by separating the tipper part from the lower part automaticallyd.continuously答案：b解析：centrifuge：離心式分油機.bowl:分離筒，滾筒；arrange：布置，安排；man-u

10、ally：用手地【譯文】：離心分油機分離筒被布置成上下兩個獨立的部分，通過自動從上半部分脫離下半部分實現排渣。12.a centrifuge will satisfactorily remove which of the following contaminants from fuel oil?( )a.gasolineb.waterc.lubricating oild.sulphur compounds答案：b解析：centrifuge：離心式分油機；contaminant：污染物；gasoline：汽油；sulfur/sulphur：硫；compound：復合，化合【譯文】：離心分離機能清

11、除燃油中的水分。13.before the sludge in a purifier is ejected, ( ).a.the oil feeding is stopped and replaced by admitting flushing waterb.tke flushing water feeding is stopped and replaced by admitting oilc.the feeding of dirty oil and flushing water is stoppedd.the feeding of dirty oil and flushing water i

12、s admitted答案：a解析：eject：噴出；feed：供給；flush:沖洗【譯文】：在分水機排渣前，停止給油，通人沖洗水。14.for optimum results, centrifugal purification of heavy fuel oil should be accomplished with the fuel at the lowest practicable( ).a.throughputb.additive percentc.cetane numberd.tbn答案：a解析：optimum:最佳；centrifugal：離心的；accomplish：完成；pra

13、cticable：切實可行的；throughput：生產量，排量，吞吐量；additive：添加劑；cetane：十六烷；tbn:總堿值【譯文】：為了使分離效果達到最佳，離心式燃油分油機應使分油量盡可能小。15.heavy residual fuel oils are heated prior to centrifuging to( ).a.reduce fuel oil weightb.increase specific gravityc.separate fuel from lube oild.reduce fuel viscosity答案：d解析：specific:比的，特定的，具體的；

14、viscosity：黏度【譯文】：重渣油在進行離心分離之前進行加熱是為了降低燃油黏度。16.high-speed rotation in a centrifugal purifier can produce a force( )the force of gravity.a.many thousand times larger thanb.the same asc.many thousand times smallerd.none of the above答案：a解析：centrifugal:離心的【譯文】：離心式分油機高速旋轉時產生的離心力比重力大幾千倍。17.if fuel oil were

15、 being discharged from the waste water outlet of a fuel oil disk type centrifuge, operated as separator, you should( ).a.remove the discharge ringb.re-prime the purifierc.the centrifuge to its proper speedd.install an additional discharge ring答案：b解析：centrifuge:離心式分油機；additional:附加的【譯文】：如果燃油從盤片式離心分油機

16、的出水口流出，應重新對分油機實施水封。18.if oils density were greater than waters, the oil separator( ).a.did workb.would work wellc.didnt workd.wouldnt work答案：d解析：density:密度【譯文】：如果油的密度比水大，分油機便不能工作。19.if the bowl of a disk type centrifugal purifier when operated as a separator is not primed, the( ).a.oil has a tendenc

17、y to emulsify in the bowlb.purifier will act as a clarifier at the discharge ringc.oil will be lost through the water discharge portsd.oil solids will be deposited only at the intermediate top disk答案：c解析：bowl：分離筒，滾筒；centrifugal：離心的；tendency：趨勢；emulsify：乳化；clarifier：分雜機；deposit：沉積；intermediate：中間【譯文】

18、：如果離心式分水機沒有灌注水封水，會出現出水口跑油現象。20.impurities in the fuel oil will affect the operation of the engine, which has( )the use of separator and some other devices.a.brought aboutb.caused forc.resulted fromd.led答案：a解析：impurity:雜質；affect：影響【譯文】：燃油中的雜質會影響發動機的運行，該問題促成分油機和其他一些設備的使用。21.in a bypass type lubricatio

19、n system for a diesel engine, the dirty oil line to the centrifuge should be taken from the( ).a.lube oil pump suction lineb.lube oil pump discharge linec.bottom of the lube oil sumpd.outlet from the lube oil header答案：c解析：centrifuge：離心式分油機；sump：油底殼；header：聯箱，標題【譯文】：在柴油機旁通式潤滑系統中，通向分油機的臟油管路應來自于油底殼的底部。

20、22.in a disk-type lubricating oil purifier, ( ).a.the purifier driving gears are lubricated by the reclaimed oil as it leaves the bowlb.all dirt and sludge are automatically discharged with the cooling waterc.sealing water must never be supplied until after oil is fed to the unitd.deterioration of t

21、he bowl ring gasket will cause the purifier to lose its water seal答案：d解析：reclaim：回收，收回；bowl：分離筒，滾筒；feed：供給；deterioration：惡化；gasket：墊片【譯文】：盤片式滑油分油機中分離筒的環形墊圈損壞會引起分油機失去水封。23.in a purifier, the interface between the liquid seal and the oil should be positioned as close as possible to( ).a.the outlet of

22、oilb.the outlet of waterc.the bowl peripheryd.the center of bowl答案：c解析：interface：界面；bowl：分離筒，滾筒；periphery：周邊【譯文】：分水機中，油水界面應盡可能靠近分離筒四周。24.main engines as well as auxiliary engines operating on heavy fuel should have continuous ( )on the lubricating oil, either according to the bypass or batch princip

23、les.a.filteringb.centrifugingc.depositingd.operating答案：b解析：auxiliary：輔助；batch：一批；principle：原理；deposit：沉積【譯文】：船舶柴油機燃用重質燃油，應對其滑油進行連續性的分離處理，可以是旁路處理，也可以是批量處理。25.modern centrifuge designs enable continuous over a considerable period of time.this is achieved by( ) which is timed to discharge the sludge at

24、 regular intervals.a.an injection processb.an ejection processc.a separation processd.a heating process答案：b解析：centrifuge：離心式分油機；considerable：相當多；achieve：完成，實現；ejec-tion：噴出【譯文】：現代分油機被設計為可長時間連續工作，這是通過定期排渣來實現的。26.one engine manufacturer recommends heavy fuel oil should not be heated above 80 to 95 (176

25、 to 203) before purification.this upper limit should be observed to ensure against( ).a.flattening of the bowl neoprene oringsb.operation within the explosive range of the fuelc.excessive purifier operating pressuresd.excessive oil viscosity答案：b解析：manufacturer：制造商；recommend：建議；flat：使平坦；bowl：分離簡，滾筒；n

26、eoprene：氯丁橡膠；explosive：爆炸的；viscosity：黏度【譯文】：發動機制造商建議重油在凈化，之前不應該被加熱到80到95(176到203)以上，應該遵守該上限以確保不在燃油爆炸極限范圍內工作。27.sediment collects in a tubular purifier( ).a.on top coverb.on sides of bowlc.in drain line on the discsd.on the discs答案：b解析：sediment：沉積物；tubular：管狀的；bowl：分離筒，滾筒；drain：放殘【譯文】：分水機的沉淀物積聚在分離筒的邊

27、上。28.the cleaned heated oil, after passing through the centrifuges, is to be pumped to a( ).a.settling tankb.service tankc.ballast tankd.drain tank答案：b解析：drain:放殘【譯文】：燃油經過分油機后，被泵到日用油柜。29.the interface between the liquid seal (water) and the oil should be positioned ( )possible to the bowl periphery.

28、a.as far asb.as soon asc.as close asd.as closer as答案：c解析：interface：界面.bowl：分離筒，滾筒；periphery：周邊【譯文】：分油機中油水分界面應定位在盡可能靠近分離筒四周的位置。30.the most effective method in removing water from diesel fuel oil is by( ).a.centrifuging the fuelb.using it in the enginec.heating the fuel tanksd.starting the fuel答案：a解析：

29、從柴油中分離出水分的最有效的方法是離心分離。31.the operating water is supplied under the( )of an oil separator.a.sliding bowl bottomb.bowl hoodc.bowld.filter units答案：a解析：bowl：分離筒，滾筒.hood：罩蓋【譯文】：工作水從分油機滑動底盤下供給。32.the position of the interface between oil and water within the centrifuge is achieved by the use of( ).a.gravi

30、ty discb.centrifugal bowlc.a stack of discsd.main sealing ring答案：a解析：interface：界面；centrifuge：離心式分油機；achieve：完成，實現；centrifu-gal:離心的.bowl：分離筒，滾筒；stack：堆，許多【譯文】：離心式分油機中，油水分界面的位置是通過使用比重環來實現的。33.the size of the discharge ring used for the efficient operation of a,disk type purifier is dependent upon the(

31、 ).a.rated capacity of that purifierb.viscosity of the oil being purifiedc.maximum design speed of that purifierd.specific gravity of the oil being purified答案：d解析：capacity：能力，容量；viscosity：黏度；specific：特定的，具體的【譯文】：盤片式分油機的比重環大小應根據需凈化的油的比重選擇。34.the( )has a water damp ring.a.purifierb.oil/water separator

32、c.incineratord.distiller答案：a解析：damp：潮濕的；incinerator：焚燒爐；distiller：造水機【譯文】：分水機有比重環。35.the( )is not a component of an oil separator.a.sliding bowl bottomb.gravity discc.separating discd.scum valve答案：d解析：bowl:分離筒，滾筒；scum:浮渣【譯文】：上排污閥不是分油機的部件。36.the( )of the gravity disc is too big.it cause oil to flow t

33、hrough the water outlet.we changed the disc and no oil is found in the water outlet.a.gravityb.diameterc.circumferenced.cylinder答案：b解析：circumference:圓周【譯文】：分油機比重環直徑過大會引起出水口跑油(即水中帶油)。更換比重環后出水口就沒油了。37.to receive oil residues from the purification of fuel and lubricating oils in the machinery spaces,wh

34、at kind of tank(s) should be provided on board?( )a.bilge tankb.sludge tankc.overflow tankd.oil collecting tank答案：b解析：船舶上要配備污油(泥)柜來存放機艙燃油和潤油處理產生的雜質(油渣)。38.to start the ejection process the oil feed to the centrifuge is first shut off and the oil remaining in the bowl removed by admitting( ).a.flashi

35、ng waterb.operating oilc.flushing waterd.sealing water答案：c解析：ejection:噴出；feed:供給；centrifuge：離心式分油機；bowl：分離筒，滾筒；flash：閃發，飛邊；flush:沖洗【譯文】：開始排渣沖洗時，應首先切斷向分油機供油，殘留在分離筒內的油通過注入沖洗水去除。39.when centrifuging heavy fuel oil, an important factor to consider is the( ).(1)flow rate; (2) viscosity of the fuel oil.a.

36、(l)onlyb.(2) onlyc.both (1) and (2)d.neither (1) nor (2)答案：c解析：factor:因素；consider：考慮；viscosity：黏度【譯文】：當離心式分離重質燃油時，應考慮油的流量和黏度等因素。40.whether using a centrifuge or a simple filter, oil cleaning and filtration will be the most effective when the oil is at a( ).a.high temperature and a high viscosityb.hi

37、gh temperature and a low viscosityc.low temperature and a high viscosityd.low temperature and a low viscosity答案：b解析：centrifuge：離心式分油機；filtration：過濾；viscosity：黏度【譯文】：溫度較高、黏度較低時，油更易凈化和過濾。41.which factor determines the ring dam size for a fuel oil, tubular bowl type, centrifugal purifier? ( ).a.the vis

38、cosity of the fuelb.the quantity of water to be removed from the fuelc.the specific gravity of the fueld.the quantity of dirt to be removed from the fuel答案：c解析：factor：因素；dam:阻礙物，壩；tubular：管狀的；bowl：分離筒，滾筒；cen-trifugal：離心的；viscosity：黏度；specific：比的，特定的，具體的【譯文】：哪個因素決定了分油機比重環的尺寸？燃油的比重。42.which of the fol

39、lowing influences the position of the interface between the liquid seal and the oil in a purifier?( )a.height of the machineb.temperature of the liquid sealc.gravity discd.bowl diameter答案：c解析：interface：界面；height：高度.bowl：分離筒，滾筒【譯文】：比重環會影響分油機中的油水分界面。43.which of the following problems will occur if a d

40、isc-type centrifugal lube oil purifier is not properly primed prior to admitting oil flow to the bowl?( )a.contamination of the lube oil by emulsification will result.b.the lube oil willnot be subjected to the proper centrifugal force.c.the lube oil will overheat and flash.d.oil will discharge from

41、the heavy phase discharge port and be wasted.答案：d解析：centrifugal:離心的；bowl:分離筒，滾筒；contamination：污染；emulsifica-tion：乳化；flash:閃發，飛邊；phase：相，方面【譯文】：如果一個盤片式滑油離心分油機沒有被(預先)注水燃油就進入分離筒，會引起下列哪個故障發生？滑油將會從重相排出口排出，從而造成浪費。44.which of the substances listed can be satisfactorily removed from diesel fuel by centri-fu

42、ging?( )a.sludgeb.gasolinec.fuel oild.lube oil答案：a解析：gasoline:汽油【譯文】：借助于離心式分離，下列哪種物質能夠從柴油中被很好的去除掉？污泥。45.which of the substances listed is satisfactorily removed from the fuel by a centrifugal oil purifier?( )a.impuritiesb.lube oilc.gasolined.diesel fuel答案：a解析：centrifugal:離心的；impurity:雜質；gasoline：汽油【

43、譯文】：離心式燃油分油機能較理想地去除物理雜質。46.we use( )to distill fresh water from sea water.a.engineb.sea water pumpc.cylinder coolerd.fresh water generator答案：d解析：distill：蒸餾；fresh water generator：造水機【譯文】：使用造水機從海水中蒸餾淡水。47.the fresh water generator produces fresh water( ).a.by cooling sea waterb.by heating sea waterc.b

44、y evaporation of sea waterd.by purifying sea water答案：c解析：fresh water generator:造水機【譯文】：造水機通過蒸發海水的方式來產生淡水。48.the designed capacity is 25 tons a day, but the fresh water generator can only ( )22 tons at present.a.consumeb.distillc.rund.operate答案：b解析：distill：蒸餾；fresh water generator：造水機【譯文】：造水機的設計蒸餾能力是

45、每天25 t，但目前每天只能蒸餾22 t。49.the process of boiling seawater in order to separate it into freshwater vapor and brine is usually defined as( ).a.dehydrationb.condensationc.evaporationd.dissolution答案：c解析：brine：海水【譯文】：海水沸騰并分離成淡水蒸汽和鹽水的過程稱為“蒸發”。50.in the production of freshwater from seawater through a proces

46、s of heating and cooling, the cooling phase of production is usually called( ).a.evaporationb.distillationc.dehydrationd.condensation答案：d解析：通過加熱和冷卻的方法從海水中制取淡水，其冷卻過程稱為“冷凝”。51.( )is the production of pure water from sea water by evaporation and re-condensing.a.evaporationb.circulationc.condensationd.d

47、istillation答案：d解析：distillation：蒸餾【譯文】：通過蒸發和再冷凝從海水中制取淡水的過程稱為“蒸餾”。52.the process during which liquid containing a reasonable amount of sensible heat at a particular pressure immediately changes into steam after admitted to a chamber at a lower pressure is called( ).a.boiling offb.flash evaporationc.co

48、ndensationd.none of the above答案：b解析：sensible heat:顯熱；flash evaporation：閃蒸【譯文】：在特定的壓力下，具有一定顯熱的液體進入到壓力較低的腔室時，迅速變成蒸汽，該過程稱為“閃蒸”。53.water evaporates or steam condenses at the saturation temperature, which depends upon the pressure, the higher pressure( ) the saturation temperature.a.the moreb.the higherc

49、.the lowerd.the highest答案：b解析：saturation temperature：飽和溫度【譯文】：水在飽和溫度下蒸發，水蒸氣在飽和溫度下冷凝。飽和溫度取決于飽和壓力，壓力越高，飽和溫度也越高。54.because of the reduced( )in the vacuum boiling evaporator, some of the sea water boils as it flows through the tubes.a.temperatureb.water levelc.pressured.rate of flow答案：c解析：vacuum boiling

50、 evaporator：真空蒸發式造水機【譯文】：由于真空蒸發式造水機的壓力較低，部分海水在流經管子時就已開始蒸發。55.more than one stage of evaporation can take place by admitting the sea water into chambers with progressively( )pressure in the flash evaporator.a.lowerb.higherc.the lowerd.the higher答案：a解析：progressively：漸進地【譯文】：在閃發式造水機中，通過使海水進入壓力漸低(真空度漸高)

51、的幾個腔室中實現多級蒸發。56.in a vacuum distillation system, the case is the higher the pressure( ).a.the saturation temperature is higherb.the higher the saturation temperaturec.the higher is the saturation temperatured.the saturation temperature is more high答案：b解析：saturation temperature：飽和溫度【譯文】：在真空蒸餾系統中，壓力越高

52、，飽和溫度也就越高。57.in( ), hot diesel engine jacket water passes over the stack and heats the sea water passing through the tubes.a.a flash generatorb.a flash evaporatorc.a vacuum boiling evaporatord.a boiler答案：c解析：stack：管束【譯文】：當真空蒸發式造水機工作時，缸套冷卻水經過管束，加熱在管內流動的海水。58.which of the following statements is true

53、concerning any evaporator?( )a.high conductivity of the distillate indicates distillate salinity is excessive.b.increasing the absolute pressure of the shell will increase the distillers capacity.c.mesh separators are used in evaporators to filter the distillate.d.reducing the brine density will red

54、uce the heat lost overboard.答案：a解析：conductivity：導電性；distillate：凝水；salinity：鹽度【譯文】：對于造水機來說，如果凝水導電性好，表明凝水鹽度過高。59.a vacuum is initially established in the first and second stages of a low pressure evaporator by the use of( ).a.vacuum drag from the auxiliary condensate systemb.individual vacuum pumpsc.a

55、 single non-condensing air ejectord.a two stage air ejector答案：d解析：initially：最初地；ejector：噴射器，噴射泵【譯文】：低壓造水機第一、第二級的真空度最初是由二級抽氣器建立的。60.early models of the flash-type evaporators used a separate shell-and-tube heat exchanger as the air ejector condenser.more recent models use a combined air ejector conde

56、nser with the( ).a.distilling condenserb.salt water feed heaterc.distillate coolerd.flash chamber答案：b解析：flash-type evaporators:閃發式造水機；shell-and-tube：殼管式；ejector：噴射器，噴射泵【譯文】：早期的閃發式造水機使用獨立的殼管式熱交換器作為噴射冷凝器；而新型機使用的是噴射冷凝器與海水加熱器的組合裝置。61.the heated feed-water entering any flash chamber of a flash-type evaporator will( ).a.vaporize, with the unflashed water remaining at the temperature at which it entered the flash chamberb.vaporize, with the unf lashed water equalizing to the saturation conditions existing in the flash chamberc.vaporize, with the remaining water at a