電大計算機輔助期末復習考試小抄填空1現代產品設計需要經歷的幾個環節（需求分析和可行性研究）（概念設計）（初步設計）（詳細設計）（試制與測試）（設計定型）（設計完善）2CAD技術的未來發展集中體現在（集成化）（網絡化）（智能化）（標準化）3CAD系統的軟件分為（系統軟件）（支撐軟件）（應用軟件）三個層次4CAD系統按其硬件組成分類，目前主要使用的有（主機系統）（小型機系統）（工作站系統）（微機系統）（基于網絡的微機工作站系統）5三次B樣條曲線可完成（拐點）（直線）（構造尖點）（磨平尖點）等特殊處理6在研究自由曲線時常用到（點）（插值）（逼近）（光順）（擬合）這些基本術語7常用的軟件工程過程模型（瀑布模型）（原型模型）（增量模型）（螺旋模型）8CAD系統按工作方法及功能大致分為（檢索性）（自動型）（交互性）（智能型）9CAD的英文全稱COMPUTERAIDEDDESIGN10幾何造型系統分為（線框造型）（曲面造型）（實體造型）11工程數據中數表的計算機處理方法（數表程序化）（一元函數插值）（二元函數插值）12實體造型數據結構常用的有（CSG樹型結構）（邊界表示數據結構）空間分割模型結構）13體素之間的集合運算（又稱布爾運算）分為（并）（交）（差）運算14在CAD系統中，接口可以認為是系統內部之間或者系統內外之間信息交換的（一種共享邏輯界面），即信息交流的（一種約定或一種標準）15計算機輔助設計是指利用（計算機軟件硬件系統）輔助工程技術人員對產品或工程進行（設計）（分析）（修改）以及交互式顯示輸出的一種方法，是一門多學科的綜合應用技術。16常用的輸入控制方式（請求）（取樣）（事件）3種17（計算機圖形處理技術）是CAD技術的核心與基礎18按其發展歷史，幾何造型系統分為（線框造型系統）（曲面造型系統）（實體造型系統）19CAD技術是前提和基礎，CAM技術是目的20工作站UNIX工作站WINDOWS工作站21在三維空間中定義幾何形體時可采用3中坐標系世界坐標系造型坐標系觀察坐標系簡述1CAD技術中數據交換方式專用數據格式交換方式（點對點交換）采用標準數據格式的中性文件交換方式（星式交換）統一的產品數據模型交換方式2計算機處理技術基礎圖形處理的數學基礎圖形程序庫坐標系窗口與視圖圖形的裁剪與消隱二維三維圖形變換3計算機圖形標準通常是指圖形系統及其相關應用系統中各界面進行數據傳送和通信的接口標準以及供圖形應用程序調用的子程序功能及其格式標準4現代產品設計全生命周期性的概念產品設計是一個“設計評價再設計”的反復迭代過程，在產品的整個生命周期中，設計定型并不意味著設計工作的結束，只要產品還在生產和銷售，就必將反饋大連的用戶信息和生產制造信息，并要求對產品不斷進行修改。5線框造型（用直線圓圓弧等空間棱線構造三維物體的方法）的特點優點結構簡單，易于理解。缺點構造出的幾何形體易產生不確定性6曲面造型特點優點所描述的零件范圍比線框造型廣泛便于進行工程分析和技術加工缺點形體表述不完整7實體造型優越性用實體造型的方法所構造的形體，數據表述最為完整，真正實現了工程分析和數據加工的要求實體造型不僅記錄了全部幾何信息，而且記錄了全部點、線、面、體、的拓補信息通過看色、光照、及紋理處理等技術的應用，使實體造型具有很好的可視性8CAD系統選型的基本要素軟件選型運行環境的選型價格策略9選擇CAD系統的原則軟件系統的選擇優于硬件且應具有優越的性能硬件系統應該符合國際工業標準整個軟硬件系統運行可靠，維護簡單，性能價格比優越具有良好的售后服務體系供應商應該有良好的信譽，可以提供培訓，故障排除及其他增值服務。10CAD系統的硬件組成有主機，輸入設備，輸出設備，信息存儲設備，網絡設備，多媒體設備等組成。11CAD系統軟件包括操作軟件，編譯軟件。CAD支撐軟件包括圖形處理軟件，工程分析與計算軟件，模擬仿真軟件，數據庫管理系統，計算機網絡工程軟件，文檔制作軟件。12CAD技術的特點CAD技術是多學科綜合性應用技術CAD技術是現代設計方法和手段的綜合體現CAD技術是人的創造性思維活動同基于計算機系統的有機結合13CAD技術的應用繪制二維三維工程圖建立圖形及符號庫參數化設計三維造型工程分析生成設計文檔或報表14CAD技術的優點提高設計效率提高設計質量便于產品標準化系列化在設計階段可預估產品的特性易于實現網絡化設計為實現CAM提供了基礎使產品快速進入市場15CAD技術的缺點一次性投入資金較大對工程技術人員的素質和技能要求較高16CAD軟件開發的主要步驟可行性研究與項目開發計劃軟件需求分析軟件設計代碼實現軟件測試運行與維護17在CAD作業中如何處理工程手冊中的設計資料，方法有程序化方法文件化處理方法數據庫管理方法18CAD技術中的交互任務選擇定位定向定路徑定量文本三維交互組合交互交互技術選擇技術定位技術定路徑技術定量技術文本技術橡皮筋技術徒手畫技術拖動技術19什么是產品設計所謂設計，是指根據使用要求確定產品應具備的功能，構思產品的工作原理，總體布局，運動方式，力和能量的傳遞，結構形式，產品形狀，以及色彩，材質，工藝人機工程等事項，并轉化為工程描述，以此作為制造的依據20齊次坐標是指用一個N1維向量表示一個N維向量21設備驅動程序是一系列與設備相關的代碼，他直接控制圖形設備的顯示處理單元缺點可移植性差，可讀性差22圖形的裁剪通過正確的識別圖形在窗口的內外部分，裁減掉位于窗口外的圖形部分，僅保留位于窗口內的圖形部分，這種選擇可見圖形信息的方法稱為裁剪。23圖形的消隱消隱指消除隱藏線和隱藏面，其目的是消除物體顯示的二義性。24幾何造型系統通常，把能夠定義、描述、生成幾何模型，并能夠進行交互編輯處理的系統。25實體造型的造型功能通過基本體素造型通過體素之間的幾何運算造型高級造型26BEZIER曲線的性質端點性質，對稱性，凸包性，幾何不變性27BEZIER曲線的缺點當特征多邊形的頂點分布不均勻，參數T在曲線上對應的分布也不均勻BEZIER曲線的形狀與定義它的特性多邊形相距甚遠，改變特征多邊形的一個頂點將影響整條曲線請您務必刪除一下內容，O_O萬分謝謝2015年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄INDONESIAHASEMERGEDASATOPVACATIONDESTINATIONFORCHINESETHISSUMMER,ALONGWITHTHAILANDSPHUKETISLANDANDTHEMALDIVESARCHIPELAGOENCOURAGEDBYGROWTHINCHINESETRAVELERSTOINDONESIA,THEGOVERNMENTINJAKARTAHASRECENTLYRELAXEDITSVISAPOLICYSINCEJUNE10,CHINESETOURISTSCANENTERINDONESIATHROUGHNINEAPPOINTEDLOCATIONS,INCLUDINGTHESOEKARNOHATTAINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINJAKARTA,THENGURAHRAIINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINBALIANDTHEKUALANAMUINTERNATIONALAIRPORTINMEDAN,BYJUSTGETTINGTHEIRPASSPORTSSTAMPEDONARRIVALOFFICIALLY,ITISCALLEDTHE“FREEVISA“SCHEMETHENEWPOLICYALSOMEANSCHINESETOURISTSCANSAVE35ONVISAFEES,WHICHWILLLIKELYMAKETRIPSTOINDONESIAMOREALLURINGWHILESUCHANARRANGEMENTALLOWSCHINESEVISITORSTOSTAYUPTO30DAYSFORTHEPURPOSEOFTRAVELING,THOSESEEKINGEXTENSIONSWILLNEEDTOGETPAIDVISASFROMTHATCOUNTRYSMISSIONSINBEIJING,SHANGHAI,GUANGZHOUORHONGKONG,ACCORDINGTOANOFFICIALATTHEINDONESIAEMBASSYINBEIJINGSANTODARMOSUMARTO,HEADOFTHEEMBASSYSINFORMATION,SOCIALANDCULTURALSECTION,SAYSTHENEWPOLICYISAIMEDATSTRENGTHENINGPEOPLETOPEOPLECONTACTSBETWEENTHETWOCOUNTRIESDAIYU,MARKETINGDIRECTOROFCTRIP,AMAJORCHINESEONLINETRAVELAGENCY,SAYS“WEVESEENANEARLY50PERCENTGROWTHOVERTHEPREVIOUSMONTHINTHENUMBEROFCHINESETOURISTSTOBALISINCETHEPOLICYWASANNOUNCED“DURINGHISTRIPTOCHINAINMARCH,INDONESIANPRESIDENTJOKOWIDODOPROPOSEDTHATHISCOUNTRYANDCHINAAIMTOINCREASETWOWAYVISITSTOAMAXIMUMOF10MILLIONPEOPLEINTHENEXTFEWYEARSTHEINDONESIANGOVERNMENTHASSETTHEIRSIGHTSONGREETING2MILLIONCHINESETOURISTSBYTHEENDOFTHISYEAR,ACCORDINGTOTHEOFFICIAL“THEINDONESIANGOVERNMENTHOPESTHATINDONESIANNATIONALSWOULDALSOBEGIVENPREFERENTIALTREATMENTWHILEVISITINGCHINA,“SAYSDARMOSUMARTOIN2013,THENUMBEROFCHINESETOURISTSWHOVISITEDINDONESIASTOODAROUND807,000LASTYEAR,ITINCREASEDTO959,000,HEADDSBALIREMAINSTHEMOSTPOPULARSITEAMONGCHINESETOURISTSINFEBRUARY,MORETHAN92,200CHINESETOURISTSMADETRIPSTOBALI,RANKINGFIRSTAMONGOVERSEASVISITORS,THEBALITIMESREPORTEDLASTYEAR,THEISLANDWITNESSEDMORETHAN586,000ARRIVALSFROMCHINA,ANINCREASEOF51PERCENTOVER2013“BALIISNTJUSTFORSIGHTSEEING,BUTALSOFORWEDDINGS,HONEYMOONS,GOLFANDMANYOUTDOORACTIVITIES,“SAYSFANWENQING,AMARKETINGEXECUTIVEATGARUDA,INDONESIASNATIONALAIRLINERGARUDAOFFERSTHREENONSTOPFLIGHTSBETWEENBEIJINGANDBALI,ANDFOUREACHWEEKBETWEENBEIJINGANDJAKARTATHEREAREDAILYFLIGHTSFROMGUANGZHOU,INGUANGDONGPROVINCE,ANDSHANGHAITOJAKARTAASWELLITTAKESFROMSIXTOEIGHTHOURSONANONSTOPFLIGHTTOREACHINDONESIAFROMCHINAINDONESIAISHOMETOMORETHAN17,000ISLANDSTOURISTSCANTOURYOGYAKARTATOSEEPRAMBANAMANDBOROBUDUR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