CollegeEnglishGrammar GrammarandWriting Unit2 Basicpartsofasentence II Grammar 1 Objectandcomplement2 BasicsentencestructuresWriting Correcting Run onSentenceRewriting Theimportanceofthesubject Objectandcomplement Generally verbscanbeputintotwo linkingverbsandactionverbs Bothofthemrequireawordtocompletetheirmeaning Wecancallsuchawordcomplement Thecomplementofalinkingverbiscalledapredicativeorasubjectcomplement whichdescribesorrenamesthesubject Forexample MyfavoriteplaywrightisWilliamShakespeare MarkTwainbecameapilotonasteamboat Shefeltuneasyinthecrowd Thecomplementofanactionverbiscalledanobject Subjectisthedoeroftheaction andtheobjectisthereceiveroftheaction Theoldmancaughtabigfish Herhusbandfrequentlybeather Myuncleeventuallygaveupsmoking Sometimesactionverbshavetwodifferentobjects directobjectandindirectobject Directobjectisthereceiveroftheactionwhileanindirectobjectisthereceiverofthedirectobject Forinstance Harryboughthissonanewschool bag Usually apreposition to or for canbeputinfrontoftheindirectobject Forexample 1 Theoldmanlefthisdaughteralargehouse Theoldmanleftalargehouseforhisdaughter 2 Jimpresentedhisgirlfriendabunchofflowers Jimpresentedabunchofflowerstohisgirlfriend Adverbialsindicatestime place manner andreasons Theyanswerquestionssuchaswhen where howandwhy Adverbialscanbeadverbs prepositionalphrases oradverbialclauses Asarule alongadverbialareplacedattheendofasentence whileshortadverbialsareflexibletolocate atthebeginning inthemiddleorattheendmaybeallright Forinstance1 Thetrainwillarrivenextmorning 2 Hecarefullydrovehiscartothestation 3 Verysoon sheknewthefullstory Exercises1 Combinethesentencesineachsetintoasingleclearsentence Omitwordsthatareneedlesslyrepeated butdon tleaveoutanyimportantdetails Keepinmindthatmanycombinationsarepossible andthere snosinglecorrectone Themanhandedaphotoofagirl Thephotowastome Hedidthatsilently Themanwasold Thegirlwaspretty Theoldmansilentlyhandedaphotoofaprettygirltome Itwasthefirsttimeinhislife Hebecameaboss Hewasproud Heownedabook store Heproudlybecameabossofabook storeforthefirsttimeinhislife Wehavemovedintoahouse WedidthatrecentlyThehousewasnew Ithadsingle storied Wehavemovedintoanewsingle storiedhouserecently 4 Itoccurredashortwhileago Mybrotherhelpedme Wecarriedabookcaseupthestairs Thebookcasewasveryheavy Ashortwhileago mybrotherhelpedmecarryaveryheavybookcaseupthestairs 5 Thefiremenhaveputoutaforestfire Thefiremendidthatatlast Thefirewasbig ThefirebrokeoutinCalifornia AtlastthefiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia Basicsentencestructures Structure1 S PTheS Psentencestructureismadeupofanoun pronoun orothernominalasthesubjectofthesentenceandanintransitiveverborverbphraseasthepredicate Deaddogdon tbite Moneytalks Structure2 S IV CThewordsactingasapredicativemaybeaprepositionalphrasetoshowtheplaceofthesubject oranountoidentifyorrenamethesubject oranadjectivetoindicatethestateofthesubject Speechisthepictureofmind Thefiremenareinsidethebuilding Structure3 S P OTheverbactingasapredicateintheS P Osentencestructureisatransitiveverb whichmaytakeadirectobjectorbothadirectobjectandanindirectobject Povertytriesfriends TheLiberianhandedmeaSpanishdictionary Structure4 S P O AThewordsactingasanadverbialcanbeadverbs prepositionalphrases oradverbialclauses providinginformationabouttime place manner andreasons Younevermissthewatertillthewellrunsdry Nomancanmakeagoodcoatwithbadcloth Structure5 S P O OCDifferentfromanindirectobjectwhichisthereceiverofthedirectobject anobjectcomplementistocompletethemeaningofthedirectobject Thewordsactingasanobjectcomplementcanbenouns adjectivesorprepositionalphrases Thevillagersfoundtheirbedroomsankle deepinwater Thefriendlymoodmakesuscomfortable Exercises2 Combinethesentences IfeltpleasedwithmybargainMypleasurewasespecial Mybargainwaswonderful Ifeltespeciallypleasedwithmywonderfulbargain Peoplefindthissortofjoke Thesepeopleareforeign Thissortofjokearedistasteful Foreignpeoplefindthissortofjokedistasteful Advertisingexertsaninfluence Theinfluenceissubtle Theinfluenceisonchildren Advertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonchildren Iwasbeingtested Thetestwasforadrivinglicense Itwasthethirdtime Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime Amurdercrossedtheroad Theroadwasinfrontofme Hedidthatwithasudden Amurdersuddenlycrossedtheroadinfrontofme Thescientistsetuphiscamp Hedidthatsuccessfully Hiscampwasveryclosetothevolcano Thevolcanowasactive Thescientistsetuphiscampveryclosetotheactivevolcanosuccessfully Run onSentence Arun onsentenceistwoormorecompletesentenceswrittenasthoughtheywereonesentence 1 CommaspliceThemostcommonkindofrun onsentenceisperhapsacommasplice whichoccurswhentwomainclausesareseparatedbyacommaratherthanbyasemicolonoraperiod Forinstance Tomisamanager heisworkingforabigcompany Foursolutionsareavailable 1 Replacethecommawithaperiodandbeginthenewsentencewithacapitalletter Tomisamanager Heisworkingforabigcompany 2 Turnoneofthesentencesintoaphrase Asamanager Tomisworkingforabigcompany Tomisamanager workingforabigcompany Twomoresolutionsareavailable Theairportwasbuiltyearsago forsomereason itcouldnotbeusedthen 3 Placeasemicolonbetweenthetwomainclauses Theairportwasbuiltyearsago forsomereason itcouldnotbeusedthen 4 Addacoordinatingconjunctionafterthecomma Theairportwasbuiltyearsago butforsomereason itcouldnotbeusedthen 2 Twomainclauseswithnopunctuationbetweenthem ItwaswarmlastSundayIwentandsatontheriverbankasusual Threesolutionsareavailable 1 Separatethesentenceswithaperiodandbeginthesecondsentencewithacapitalletter ItwaswarmlastSunday Iwentandsatontheriverbankasusual 2 Separatethesentenceswithasemicolon ItwaswarmlastSunday Iwentandsatontheriverbankasusual 3 Addacommaandacoordinatingconjunctionbetweenthesentences ItwaswarmlastSunday soIwentandsatontheriverbankasusual Exercises Correctthefollowingrun ons 1 Shedroppedtheletterinthebox thensheregrettedmailingit 2 Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore heisfindingthistripveryexciting 3 Lateraneighbortoldmeabouther hernameisJaneEarl 4 Wewaitedandwaited atthesametime nothinghappened 5 Iamanartstudent usuallyIpaintalotofpictures 6 Ididnotknowthewaytomyhotel thenIaskedapoliceman 7 Shethrewthebottleintothesea thensheneverthoughtofitagain8 Theairportwasbuiltyearsago forsomereason itcouldnotbeusedthen 9 Somefishermendon tcatchfish instead theycatcholdbootsandrubbish 10 Irepeatedmyquestionseveraltimes atlastheunderstood Correcting 1 Shedroppedtheletterinthebox andthensheregrettedmailingit 2 Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore soheisfindingthistripveryexciting 3 Lateraneighbourtoldmeabouther HernameisJaneEarl 4 Wewaitedandwaited Atthesametime nothinghappened 5 Iamanartstudent andusuallyIpaintalotofpictures 6 Ididnotknowthewaytomyhotel andthenIaskedapoliceman 7 Shethrewthebottleintothesea andthensheneverthoughtofitagain8 Theairportwasbuiltyearsago butforsomereason itcouldnotbeusedthen 9 Somefishermendon tcatchfish Instead theycatcholdbootsandrubbish 10 Irepeatedmyquestionseveraltimes Atlastheunderstood Theexerciseinthissectionistocreateeffectivepassagesbycombiningtheshortsentenceswhichyouthinkisrelatedintolonger morecomplexones Iftherearesomemistakes correctthem Passage1 AdaptedfromLesson16 NewConceptEnglishbyL G Alexander Yourcarisparkedbyyouinthewrongplace Itwillsoonbefoundbyatrafficpoliceman