教案Class:雅思語法Date:PlaceContents & difficults反意疑問句的用法及練習(xí)Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Greeting and revisionStep 2 Check the homeworkStep 3 反意疑問句的用法 1、什么是反意疑問句英語中，反意疑問句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問句組成。其中附加疑問句是對陳述句所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問，起證實(shí)作用，一般用于證實(shí)說話者所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)。 2、反意疑問句用法說明注意：反意疑問句前后兩部分謂語應(yīng)是，“肯定陳述否定疑問”或“否定陳述肯定疑問”簡略問句如果是否定式，not應(yīng)與be，do，will等系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞縮寫簡略問句的主語不用名詞，應(yīng)用人稱代詞當(dāng)說話者的目的不在疑問，而是為了加強(qiáng)語氣時(shí)，用降調(diào)當(dāng)說話者的目的在疑問，則用升調(diào)陳述部分含“too.to”時(shí)，是否定句1) 陳述部分的主語是I，疑問部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?（我和你姐姐一樣高，對嗎？）2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may +主語。I wish to have a word with you, may I?（我希望可以和你說話，可以嗎？）3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問部分用肯定含義。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主語。正式文體用should/ought +主語+not形式。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問部分常用dont +主語（didnt +主語）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時(shí)，疑問部分用didnt +主語或 usednt +主語。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldnt +主語。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9) 陳述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldnt +主語。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句，疑問部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。Amust表示“應(yīng)該”，其疑問部分用mustnt（不應(yīng)該），如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you ? 下學(xué)期你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)，對嗎？ Bmust表示“必須”，其疑問部分用neednt（不必），如： They must finish the work today, neednt they? 他們今天必須要完成這項(xiàng)工作，是嗎？C陳述部分含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mustnt，表示禁止時(shí)，疑問部分就可以用must或may，如： You mustnt stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把車停在這地方，知道嗎？ Dmust表示推測 ，其疑問部分必須與must 后面的主要?jiǎng)釉~相呼應(yīng)。如： 對現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或存在的情況的推測 ： You must know the answer to the exercise, dont you? 你一定知道這項(xiàng)練習(xí)的答案，是不是？ That must be your bed, isnt it? 那一定是你的床，是嗎？ 對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況的推測： a 表示肯定推測 （一）句中陳述部分沒有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，這時(shí)疑問部分中的動(dòng)詞就用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。（havent / hasnt + 主語）You must have told her about it, havent you? 你一定把這事告訴她了，是嗎？（二）陳述部分有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，疑問部分的動(dòng)詞就用一般過去時(shí)。（didnt + 主語）She must have read the novel last week, didnt she? 她上星期一定讀了這本小說了，是嗎？ b 表示否定推測 表示推測時(shí)，否定式通常不是must not，而是cant (cannot).如： He cant have been to your home; he doesnt know your address, does he? 他不可能去過你家；他不知道你的地址，是不是？ 11) 感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12) 陳述部分由neither nor, either or 連接的并列主語時(shí)，疑問部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陳述部分為主語從句或并列復(fù)合句a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問部分，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?但此時(shí)主語必須是第一人稱如果不是則不能否定從句如 He thought they were wrong,didnt he?而不能說werent they?15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he.Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you/he?當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we（或用shant we) ?Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you（或wont you）?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shant we)?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或wont you）?18) 陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20)當(dāng)主句是由so引起的一個(gè)句子，而且譯為“這么說來”時(shí)，疑問部分的謂語形式（肯定或否定）應(yīng)與主句保持一致。So you have seen the film, have you?So he has not been to Beijing ,hasnt he? 補(bǔ)：Lets和Let us的區(qū)別1.Lets是Let us的縮寫。包括說話人和聽話人雙方在內(nèi)，含有催促、建議或請對方一起行動(dòng)的意思。在聽話人表示贊同建議時(shí)可只用Lets.如：-Shall we go by train？-Yes，lets.2.當(dāng)請求對方允許自己（第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)）做某事時(shí)，要用Let us，這里的 us 不包括聽話對方在內(nèi)，不能縮寫為Lets.如兩個(gè)同學(xué)對老師說：Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.讓我倆給你移動(dòng)一下書架。3.兩者在構(gòu)成附加疑問句時(shí)，方法不同。如：Lets go to see the film,shall we ?咱們?nèi)タ措娪埃脝幔縇et us go to see the film,will you?讓我們?nèi)タ措娪埃脝幔靠焖儆洃洷?陳述部分的謂語疑問部分Iarent IWishmay +主語no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,肯定含義 rarely, little等否定 含義的詞ought to（肯定的）shouldnt/ oughtnt +主語 have to+v.(had to+v.)dont +主語(didnt +主語) used todidnt +主語或 usednt +主語 had better + v.hadnt youwould rather + v.wouldnt +主語youd like to + v.wouldnt +主語must根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定感嘆句中be +主語Neithernor, eitheror 連接的根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定 并列主語指示代詞或不定代詞 everything,that,主語用it nothing,this并列復(fù)合句謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定 定語從句,賓語從句的 主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語而定think,believe,expect, suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo)與賓語從句相對應(yīng)的從句everybody,anyone, somebody,nobody,no one復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或needneed (dare ) +主語 dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do +主語省去主語的祈使句will you/wont you/cant you？ Lets 開頭的祈使句Shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句Will you?there be相應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞+there(省略主語代詞）否定前綴不能視為否定詞仍用否定形式must表推測根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句 反意疑問句的回答對反意疑問句的回答，無論問題的提法如何，如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes，事實(shí)是否定的，就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問時(shí)，回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”，no要譯成“是”。例 -He likes playing football, doesnt he? 他喜歡踢足球，不是嗎？-Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. ，是 他喜歡。/ 不 他不喜歡。-His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒有參加會(huì)議，是嗎？-Yes, she did. / No, she didnt. 不，她參加了。/ 是的，她沒參加 若be動(dòng)詞后是never/few/little,后面的動(dòng)詞仍用肯定形式反意疑問句是英文中常見的一種句型，它提出情況或看法，詢問對方同意與否，被廣泛應(yīng)用于英語口語。反意疑問句通常由兩部分構(gòu)成：前一部分用陳述句的形式（statement），后一部分是一個(gè)附著在前一部分上的簡短問句(也叫tag question)。所附簡短問句中的主語和謂語與陳述句的保持一致，而且兩部分的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。反意疑問句有四種類型：（1）肯定陳述+否定簡短問句；（2）否定陳述+肯定簡短問句；（3）肯定陳述+肯定簡短問句；（4）否定陳述+否定簡短問句。其中，前兩種運(yùn)用最為廣泛。除此之外，反意疑問句還有“祈使句+簡短問句”的形式，這種用法通常用于減弱祈使語氣。如: Carry this parcel for me, can you? 給我拿一下包，好嗎？反意疑問句的構(gòu)成有以下幾點(diǎn)特殊情況須注意：1當(dāng)陳述句的主語是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody時(shí)，簡短問句中的主語通常用they。如果陳述句的主語是非人稱的復(fù)合詞，如everything, something, anything, 則簡短問句中相應(yīng)的人稱代詞是單數(shù)的中性詞it。例如:Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didnt they?Nobody came, did they?Everyone thinks theyre the center of the universe, dont they?Nothing can stop us now, can it?2當(dāng)陳述句是表示存在的句子時(shí)，簡短問句用there 作形式主語。例如:There isnt a book on the table, is there?Theres something wrong, isnt there?There wont be any trouble, will there?3如果陳述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定詞, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely, little, few, nowhere, nothing，則簡短問句通常用肯定形式。但如果陳述句中僅包含有否定前綴，則簡短問句中用否定形式。例如：He was unsuccessful, wasnt he?The rules are invariable, arent they?He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?4陳述句中是I am時(shí)，簡短問句則用arent I。例如:I am an excellent English speaker, arent I?I am late, arent I ?5陳述句中是非限定人稱代詞one時(shí)，正式文體中，簡短問句的主語為one，而非正式文體中用you。例如: One must be honest, mustnt one?6含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句中，簡短問句一般反映主句中主、謂之間的關(guān)系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等時(shí)，則簡短問句反映的是that從句中主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。例如：They agreed that the United States shouldnt make a war on Iraq, didnt they?I suppose (that) he is serious, isnt he?注意：否定詞移位的情況，如：I dont suppose (that) he is serious, is he?7如果陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞是have (當(dāng) “擁有”講時(shí)), 簡短問句可用have形式或用do形式。例如：You have a nice house, havent/dont you?但如果陳述句是否定形式時(shí)，簡短問句中動(dòng)詞的選擇則由陳述句中的動(dòng)詞形式而定。例如：He hasnt a house of his own, has he? He doesnt have a house of his own, does he?如果陳述句中的動(dòng)詞 have 表示“經(jīng)歷，遭受，得到，吃”的意思時(shí)，則簡短問句中的動(dòng)詞用 do的形式。例如：You often have headaches, dont you?8當(dāng)陳述句的動(dòng)詞是ought to時(shí)，英國英語中簡短問句用ou