.限定詞（determiner)限定詞是在名詞詞組中對名詞中心詞起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一類詞。 一、英語限定詞種類 1.定冠詞,不定冠詞,零冠詞。如：the, a 2.名詞屬格。 如：my friends, Tom3.物主限定詞。如: my, your 4.指示限定詞。如：this, that, these, those, such 5.疑問限定詞。如：what, whose, which6.關系限定詞。如：which, whose7.不定限定詞。如：some, any, each, every, either, neither, all8.數詞 (基數詞、序數詞、倍數詞、分數詞)9.量詞。如：a lot of, lots of , a great/good deal of , a great/large/good number of 二、限定詞與三類名詞的搭配關系限定詞按它詞匯意義可分為特指限定詞、泛指限定詞、定量限定詞、不定量限定詞四大類。這四類限定詞有的能與單數、復數可數名詞搭配，也可與不可數名詞搭配1）能與三類名詞搭配的限定詞主要有： the; my, Johns, the old mans; some, any, no, all, other, such, what（ever）, which (ever), whoseeg. the book-the books-the money, my book-my books-my money Johns book- Johns books- Johns money2) 能與單數名詞搭配的限定詞。如: a (n) , each, every, another, either ,one, neither, many a, such a (n) eg. each worker， every student，either book，another book3) 能與復數名詞搭配的限定詞。如： both, two, another two (three), many,（a) few, several, these, those, a (great) number of 如： two girls，（a）few words，several students4) 能與不可數名詞搭配的限定詞,如：a bit of, a large amount of, a great deal of, (a) little much, less, (the) leasta bit of water，a large amount of money， much noise5) 能與單復數名詞搭配的限定詞。如：the first, the second, the last, the next, the otherthe first rose，the first roses，the last man, the last menthe next meeting，the next meetings，many a ship，many ships注意：用了many a +單數可數名詞作主語，盡管是復數意義，其后的動詞還是要用單數形式。6) 能與單數名詞和不可數名詞搭配的限定詞。如（the）least，this， thatthe least knowledge, this/that work, this/that job 7) 能與復數名詞和不可數名詞搭配的限定詞。如:a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, more, most, such, other. 如：a lot of books, a lot of money, lots of chairs, lots of food, such men, such breadEx:下面的練習，要求注意限定詞與三類名詞的搭配關系。1. Why is there_traffic on the streets in February than in May? A. less B. fewer C. few D. little2. On account of the typhoon _shipment will arrive this week. A. neither B. all C. both D. these3. They paid_money for the machine than I expected. A. little B. less C. much D. fewer4.There are trees on _side of the street. A. such a B. both C. some D. each5.Have you got _copies to go round? A. the other B. enough C. a little D. much 6.I saw _cars outside the building . A. a little B. any C. lots of D. neither7.Theres_water in the bottle. A. few B. a number of C. plenty of D.any8.Id like _paper. A. a few B. several C. a bit of D. these9.There are _mistakes in the paper. A. the B. a little C. much D. a few10.Do they have_air-conditioners for cooling the rooms in summer? A. many a B. enough C. a great deal of D. a bit of11. Dont worry about the seats. There are _chairs in the room. A. plenty of B. any C. both D. most 12. There is _iron in this mine than in that one. A. much B. a great deal of C. less D. a lot of _work has to be done before the plant goes into operation. A. Much B. Double C. A number of D. Neither14. He wrote_ essays on Victorian novels in his class. A. the next B. the most C. the other D. the more 15. The model worker had _thought of his own interests. A. the last B. less C. the least D. another 16.There must be _empty talk but more hard work . A. fewer B. no C .the least D. less 17. He has published _short stories in English. A. a great amount of B .a number of C. another D. many a18. We had_rainfalls last summer. A. too much B. little C. a little D. only several三、限定詞與限定詞之間的先后順序關系 在名詞詞組中心詞之前如果有兩個或兩個以上限定詞出現時,就會產生限定詞的先后順序問題。按其不同的搭配位置，限定詞可分為 前位限定詞:all, both, half;double,twice, three times; one-third, two fifths; what, such (a /an) 中位限定詞:(1) 定冠詞和不定冠詞; (2) 物主限定詞(my, your（3）指示限定詞(this, that, these,those);(4) s屬格名詞; (5) 不定數量詞(如some, enough ,no, any, every, each, either, neither); (6) 疑問限定詞what, which, whose; (7) 關系限定詞which, whose;(8) 帶ever的wh-詞,如whatever, whichever, whoever。后位限定詞(1): (1) 基數詞; (2) 序數詞和一般序數詞next, last, (an) other, additional, further; (3) 封閉數量詞(a) few, fewer, several, most, more, many, much, (a) little, less, least;后位限定詞(2): plenty of, a bit of , a lot of , lots of, a great deal/quantity/amount /number of 如果一個名詞詞組帶有上述三類限定詞，其搭配關系總是按照“前位中位后位”的順序排列。如：all the four teachers 前 中 后all your three books前 中 后all these last few days 前 中 后 后如果只有上述兩類限定詞，其搭配關系仍按照上述順序half his lecture前 中those last few months 中 后 后all other students前 后such a misfortune 前 中some such alloy 中 后ADHEREsuch既屬于前位限定詞,又可歸納后位限定詞。在such a和such an 搭配中屬于前位限定詞,而在與其他限定詞some, any, no, all, one, many 等搭配時, such 則是后位限定詞。由上述例子可以看出，中位限定詞之間和前位限定詞之間是互相排斥的，即一個名詞中心詞之前不可并用兩個中位限定詞或兩個前位限定詞。所以“我的那本書”不是“my that book”而是that book of mine，因為my 和that 同是中位限定詞，不可同時并列。但后位限定詞的使用卻不受此限制。如:many more copies, three other girls, his last two books, the first two chapters等都是后位限定詞重疊使用的實例。Ex. Choose an appropriate combination of determiners to fill in each black:The additional work will take _weeks. A. the other B. another five C. other five D. the more He did it in _time it took me . A. the one-third B. half a C.the double D. one-third theI saw _ boys at the cinema. A. the both B. many a C. both the D. the several_candidates are girls. A. Half the B. The half C. Their half D. Half a5. He was on leave _ days. A. the few last B. few another C. few other D. the last few6. _friends usually speak highly of him. A. His some B.His many C.Many his D.Some his7. Please serve me _soup. A. more some B. the less C. more the D. some more8. _ alloy many be used to replace copper. A. Such a B. Some such C.Such some D.Several such9. Please send _samples to London by air. A. these enough B.five these C. enough these D. these five10. Are you going to buy _rice? A. all these B. these all C. all this D. both these 11. They want at least _salaries. A. their double B. double their C. enough their D. their enough _dictionary is enough for me . A. Such one B. One such C. Such a one D. One such a13. _factors should be considered. A. These all B.Such all C. All such D. Some these14. _evenings he did enjoy himself immensely. A. The first few B.The few first C. The first some D. Some the first 四 疑問限定詞 無論是做疑問代詞還是疑問限定詞，which (哪個，哪些)和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的，而which則指在一定的范圍內，例如： 1.Which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個姑娘？ 2.What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘？ 3.Which university do you like best？ 4.What university do you like best？ 五. 關系限定詞 關系代詞whose既充當引導詞的作用，又對先行詞起限定作用，在定語從句中作先行詞的定語。eg. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 六. 不定代詞不定代詞及其基本用法 1.all, each, both,either, neither, some, any, one, (a) little, (a) few, many, much, other(s), another, 主語,賓語,表語,定語（既可用作名詞，也可用作形容詞） 2. everyone, everybody,everything； somebody, someone,something； anyone ,anybody ,anything； nobody,nothing, no one 主語,賓語,表語，可以后跟else ，而且可用作所有格（-s形式） 3.none主語、賓語,表語 4.every, no（這兩個只是形容詞）定語 不定限定詞與各類名詞的搭配 all, each, both,either, neither, some, any,one, (a) little, (a) few,many, much, other(s), another, 1.只與復數可敉名詞搭配的不定限定詞both, many, (a) few 2.只與不可敉名詞搭配的不定限定詞much, (a) little 3.只與單數可敉名詞搭配的不定限定詞each (every, one), either, neither, many a, 4.既可與復數可敉名詞，又可與不可敉名詞搭配的不定限定詞all, some, any, many, other, another,不定限定詞的具體用法 some和any 既可用作限定詞,也可用作不定代詞,起名詞詞組的作用;但no只能用作限定詞,不能單獨使用。1) some a.some主要用于肯定句。但當說話人期待肯定回答時， some也能用于疑問句。Are there some letters for me ？ Im expecting some. b. 當購物時向售貨員提問或主人詢問客人表示款待時,也可 在疑問句中用some。Could I have some letters for meWould you like some chocolate cake? c.當some與單數可數名詞連用時，相當于certain某(一)個”的意思。Some boy has broken a window d.當some修飾復數可數名詞或不可數名詞,表“幾個”,“一些”的意思。如some questions , some children , some water , some ink2) anya.any主要用于否定句、疑問句、條件句、if 或whether引導的賓語從句，或用于帶有半否定詞或具有否定含義的動 詞、形容詞或介詞的句子。如： 1. Are they any stamps in the drawer？ 2.You havent any work to do 3. He never had any luck 4.Let me know if you hear any news 5. If you have any news, call me up right away.b. any也用于肯定句,意味“任何”。通常重讀，修飾單數可 可數名詞和不可數名詞。如： 1.Come any day you like. 2.Any time you want me, just send for me . c. any+ 復數可數名詞/不可數名詞,表“一些” any books, any water d. any+單數可數名詞,表示“every”的含義 Any child could answer that question.3）no可修飾單復數可數名詞和不可數名詞。用法如下： a）用于there is （are), have (has), have(has) got 之后, 等于not any 1.There are no letters for you today. 2.He has no books Iv got no home.b) 用于連系動詞之后,等于not a ,但語氣很強. 1.The girl was no beauty. 2.He is no friend of mine.c) 用于其他動詞之后 1.I took no part in these negotiations. 2.He could expect no sympathy from Joan.d) 用于修飾其他句子成分 1.No boy at school had ever seen the sea. 2.Im in no mood for jokes.e） 用于警告、命令等標識 No smoking！f）用于表示程度,not any,用作狀語,修飾形容詞原級、 比較級和副詞比較級 1.But this is no unimportant question, my dear John 2.She was no older than Li Ping.g) 用于固定習語 1.Men are no longer at the mercy of nature. 2.Theres no such thing as ghosts. not與no的區別:a) not 可用于否定動詞,no則沒有這種功能。b) no是具有形容詞性質的不定代詞,只能與名詞或相當于 名詞的詞連用,如no time, no telephone, No spitting!c) no等于not any，因此不能用于a，the， all, both, every等詞之前;在這些詞之前必修用not ,如not a chance ,not the least, not all of us, not everyone, not enough。d) no也不與姓名、副詞、介詞等連用。但not可與這些詞連用，如me ， not George； not wisely；not on Sundays.e) some ，any，no 以及它們的合成詞。這些復合詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。 something（-body，-one，-where） anything（-body，-one，-where）nothing（-body，-where），后者不是限定詞all, b