緒論和麻醉前準(zhǔn)備Introduction of Anesthesiology& Preoperative evaluation 一、 【目的要求】：1、 了解麻醉學(xué)近代發(fā)展史2、 了解麻醉及麻醉學(xué)的概念、麻醉工作的任務(wù)；3、 掌握麻醉前對(duì)病人的檢查、評(píng)估與準(zhǔn)備；4、 掌握麻醉前用藥的種類(lèi)及藥理特點(diǎn)，使用原則。Course Objective: History of anesthesiology, the concepts of anesthesia and anesthesiology, classification of anesthesia, preoperative physical examination, evaluation and preparation,general anesthesia and the complications of general anesthesia and their management.二、 【講授內(nèi)容】：1、 麻醉學(xué)近代發(fā)展史2、 麻醉及麻醉學(xué)的概念、麻醉工作的任務(wù)；3、 麻醉前的一般準(zhǔn)備。4、 麻醉前對(duì)病人的檢查、評(píng)估與準(zhǔn)備；麻醉前用藥的種類(lèi)及藥理特點(diǎn)，使用原則。三、 【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：1、 麻醉前病人評(píng)估；2、 麻醉前用藥的種類(lèi)及藥理特點(diǎn)，使用原則。Course Description：This course will start with introduction of modern history of anesthetic practice. Then we will introduce the concepts of anesthesia and anesthesiology and the tasks of anesthesiologists. The following topics will cover preoperative evaluation and preparation; including the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the principle of usage of drugs used before anesthesia. And the content of preoperative evaluation and preparation and the usage of preoperative medication are key points in this course. 四、 【參考書(shū)】：現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)第三版 全身麻醉General Anesthesia一、 【目的要求】：1. 掌握吸入麻醉藥的分配系數(shù)、最低肺泡有效濃度（MAC）的概念2. 掌握常用的全身麻醉方法及特點(diǎn)及全麻后病人的去向3. 掌握全麻后的常見(jiàn)并發(fā)癥因。4. 熟悉全身麻醉的主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適應(yīng)癥。5. 熟悉肌肉松弛藥的分類(lèi)和使用原則。6. 了解靶濃度控制輸注。7. 了解肌肉松弛藥的藥理作用。Course Description：To master concepts of coefficient of distribution and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhaled anesthetic, the application and characteristics of general anesthesia ways commonly used, where the patients recover from general anesthesia transported to and the complications of general anesthesia are requested. And students should be familiar with the principles of anesthesia selection, indications of general anesthesia, the classification and principles of muscle relaxants application. From this course, students will acquire general understanding target controlled infusion (TCI) and the pharmacokinetic effect of muscle relaxants.二、 【講授內(nèi)容】：1. 睡眠、鎮(zhèn)靜和全麻醉的差別2. 吸入麻醉的特點(diǎn)和實(shí)施3. 靜脈麻醉的特點(diǎn)和實(shí)施4. 常見(jiàn)全麻并發(fā)癥三、 【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：1. 決定吸入麻醉藥進(jìn)入和排出體內(nèi)的因素2. 全身麻醉的并發(fā)癥三、 【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】：11.5學(xué)時(shí)。四、 【自學(xué)內(nèi)容】：肌肉松弛劑的作用原理常用全身麻醉藥物的藥理特點(diǎn)Course Description：We will introduce the knowledge of general anesthesia. We will help students differentiate the sleep, the sedation and the general anesthesia. Then we will introduce the characteristics and the practice of inhalation anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia. The factors that determine intake and elimination of inhaled anesthetic and complications of general anesthesia are important and difficult to learn in this course.五、 【參考文獻(xiàn)】：現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué) 第三版六、【見(jiàn)習(xí)內(nèi)容】：內(nèi)容：麻醉前準(zhǔn)備:患者準(zhǔn)備、麻醉劑準(zhǔn)備、常規(guī)麻醉藥及搶救藥準(zhǔn)備；常用去極化/非去極化肌松藥的作用機(jī)理、種類(lèi)、特點(diǎn)以及應(yīng)用；全身麻醉的誘導(dǎo)、維持、常見(jiàn)并發(fā)癥。輸血與血液保護(hù)Allogeneic Blood Transfusion and Blood Conservation一、 【目的要求】：1. 掌握輸血的概念與目的2. 掌握自體輸血、成分輸血的概念3. 掌握血液保護(hù)的概念與基本方法4. 熟悉輸血并發(fā)癥及處理5. 了解自體輸血的方法和成分輸血的制備Course Objective: This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. Five main points are covered in this chapter including: 1. Concepts and purpose of allogenic blood transfusion. 2. Autologus transfusion and component transfusion. 3. Concepts and principal methods of blood conservation. 4. Transfusion complications and the management. 5. Methods of autologus transfusion and preparation of component transfusion. The first three main points need to be mastered, the forth point should be familiar with, and the fifth point should be understood by the students.二、 【講授內(nèi)容】：1. 輸血的適應(yīng)癥、并發(fā)癥、自體輸血、成分輸血2. 血液保護(hù)的基本概念與方法三、 【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：輸血的指征、成分輸血Course Description：The indications and complications of transfusion, autologus transfusion, and component transfusion are introduced. Basic concepts and principal methods of blood conservation are introduced also.Prerequisite：The prerequisite of this course includes, but is not limited to, the knowledge of histology, physiology, and components of blood system. Those who are not familiar with that knowledge are encouraged to read related text books before hand.六、 【參考書(shū)】：基礎(chǔ)輸血學(xué)2001年第一版神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉和椎管內(nèi)阻滯麻醉Periphery nerve block and Neuraxial block一、 【目的要求】： 1、 掌握常用局部麻醉藥的藥理特點(diǎn)2、 掌握局麻藥的毒性反應(yīng)及防治3、 熟悉常用神經(jīng)阻滯的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)4、 掌握椎管內(nèi)麻醉的概念、適應(yīng)癥與禁忌癥、嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥5、 熟悉椎管的解剖及椎管內(nèi)麻醉的生理6、 熟悉影響椎管內(nèi)麻醉平面的因素7、 了解神經(jīng)叢阻滯的操作方法8、 了解椎管內(nèi)麻醉操作方法Objective: This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. Five main points are covered in this chapter including: 1. Pharmacological characteristics of local anesthetics. 2. Toxicity of local anesthetics and ways of prevention. 3. Anatomy of peripheral nerve plexus and central nervous system. 4. Concept of neuraxial block and its indications, contraindications and complications. 5. Major periphery nerve plexus blocks. The first two and the 4th points need to be mastered. The 5th point needs to be familiar with and the 3rd point needs to be understood by students.二、 【講授內(nèi)容】：1、 局部麻醉藥的藥理及毒性反應(yīng)2、 椎管內(nèi)麻醉：椎管解剖、椎管內(nèi)麻醉穿刺技術(shù)、影響椎管內(nèi)麻醉的因素、椎管內(nèi)麻醉的并發(fā)癥、適應(yīng)癥與禁忌癥3、 神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉：臂叢神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉、頸叢神經(jīng)阻滯、下肢神經(jīng)叢阻滯麻醉方法三、 【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：麻醉藥的藥理特點(diǎn)、毒性反應(yīng)及防治、椎管內(nèi)麻醉嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥四、 【講授時(shí)數(shù)】：3學(xué)時(shí)五、 【自學(xué)內(nèi)容】：椎管內(nèi)麻醉的生理、頸叢神經(jīng)阻滯麻醉、腰麻硬膜外聯(lián)合麻醉Description: Basic concepts of peripheral nerve plexus block and neuraxial block are introduced, and the indication, contraindications and complications of peripheral nerve plexus block and neuraxial block are also introduced in this chapter.Prerequisite: The prerequisite of this course includes, but is not limited to, the knowledge of the anatomy of major peripheral nerve plexus and neuraxial system. Those who are not familiar with that knowledge are encouraged to read related textbook beforehand.六、 【參考書(shū)】：1、 現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)第三版 2、 ANESTHESIA（Miller）7th Edition氣道控制一、【目的要求】：1. 掌握呼吸道梗阻的原因及處理2. 掌握常見(jiàn)人工氣道建立的方法及其特點(diǎn)。3. 掌握氣管插管的適應(yīng)癥和并發(fā)癥4. 熟悉氣管插管的操作、困難氣道的處理5. 了解肺隔離術(shù)Objectives: To master the following key concepts and principles: 1 Reasons and treatments of airway obstructions.2 Methods and characteristics of common artificial airway managements.3 Indications and complications of endo-tracheal intubation. To be familiar with：the process of endo-tracheal intubation and algorithm of difficult airway management.To acquire a general understanding: techniques of lung isolation.二、【講授內(nèi)容】：1. 上、下呼吸道梗阻的常見(jiàn)原因、臨床表現(xiàn)及處理2. 通過(guò)面罩、喉罩、氣管插管和氣管切開(kāi)所建立的人工通氣技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)3. 氣管插管的適應(yīng)癥、并發(fā)癥。4. 氣管插管術(shù)5. 困難氣道的評(píng)估及處理原則三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：影響氣道通暢的原因及處理Description: Brief contents of this chapter:Usual reasons, clinical manifestations and treatments of upper and lower airway obstruction.Characteristics of artificial airway management like mask ventilation, laryngeal mask airway (LMA), endo-tracheal intubation and tracheostomy. Indications and complications of endo-tracheal intubation.Endo-tracheal intubation.Evaluation and management of difficult airway.五、【參考書(shū)】：現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)第三版六、【見(jiàn)習(xí)內(nèi)容】新八教臨床技能教室見(jiàn)習(xí)： 通過(guò)面罩、喉罩、氣管插管和氣管切開(kāi)所建立的人工通氣技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)氣管插管的適應(yīng)癥、并發(fā)癥。氣管插管術(shù)困難氣道的評(píng)估及處理原則呼吸功能的監(jiān)控本章授課前請(qǐng)自學(xué)生理學(xué)呼吸系統(tǒng)各論內(nèi)容一、【目的要求】：1、 掌握呼吸功能監(jiān)測(cè)的基本原理和方法2、 熟悉術(shù)前呼吸功能評(píng)估的常用方法，掌握術(shù)前改善呼吸功能的措施3、 掌握肺通氣功能以及肺換氣功能的監(jiān)測(cè)，尤其是呼氣末二氧化碳監(jiān)測(cè)的意義4、 熟悉呼吸機(jī)治療的基本原理和常見(jiàn)通氣模式二、【講授內(nèi)容】：1. 術(shù)中通氣功能的監(jiān)測(cè)2. 呼氣末CO2的監(jiān)測(cè)及其意義3. 術(shù)前常用呼吸功能的評(píng)估，術(shù)前改善呼吸功能的措施4. 常用機(jī)械通氣模式及其并發(fā)癥三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：通氣功能監(jiān)測(cè)，換氣功能的監(jiān)測(cè)五、【參考書(shū)】：臨床監(jiān)測(cè)學(xué)現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)第三版六、【見(jiàn)習(xí)內(nèi)容】：內(nèi)容：目前臨床常用呼吸功能監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)以及意義血流動(dòng)力學(xué)監(jiān)控教學(xué)大綱Hemodynamic monitoring and management本章授課前請(qǐng)自學(xué)生理學(xué)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)個(gè)論內(nèi)容一、 【目的要求】：1. 掌握臨床監(jiān)測(cè)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的常用指標(biāo)和特點(diǎn)；2. 掌握低血壓的判斷和調(diào)控；3. 熟悉直接動(dòng)脈壓導(dǎo)管和中心靜脈導(dǎo)管放置方法4. 了解肺動(dòng)脈漂浮導(dǎo)管放置方法；控制性降壓的概念及實(shí)施原則。Objective: This chapter is designed for senior undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. They could master the indication of common clinical monitoring of hemodynamic , the judgement and regulation of hypotension; To be familiar with: catheterization of arterial catheter and central venous catheter. To acquire a general understanding: Swan- Ganz catheter, the method, concept and practical principle of control hypotension.二、 【講授內(nèi)容】：1、 臨床常用的監(jiān)測(cè)循環(huán)功能的指標(biāo)和方法；2、 動(dòng)脈血壓測(cè)定的方法、意義，影響血壓的因素；3、 中心靜脈壓監(jiān)測(cè)和肺動(dòng)脈漂浮導(dǎo)管監(jiān)測(cè)的方法及臨床意義；4、 低血壓原因的分析、判斷、血壓的調(diào)控；5、 控制性低血壓的概念、適應(yīng)癥和禁忌癥，實(shí)施方法及注意事項(xiàng)。三、 【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：1、 動(dòng)脈血壓與組織血流灌注的關(guān)系。2、 低血壓原因的分析Description:This chapter will introduce the indicator of cardiac preload, such as systolic pressure variation and pulse pressure variation, a better predictors of volume than central venous pressure (CVP) or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.四、 【講授時(shí)數(shù)】：1學(xué)時(shí)五、 【自學(xué)內(nèi)容】：1、 中心靜脈和肺動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管的置入方法及并發(fā)癥；2、 外周血管阻力的計(jì)算。六、【參考書(shū)】：現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)技術(shù)。七、【見(jiàn)習(xí)內(nèi)容】：內(nèi)容：目前臨床常用血流動(dòng)力學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)以及意義體外循環(huán)Cardiopulmonary Bypass一、【目的要求】：1、 掌握體外循環(huán)的概念和臨床應(yīng)用。2、 熟悉體外循環(huán)的原理。3、 了解體外循環(huán)的材料、監(jiān)測(cè)、體外膜式氧合的概念。Objectives:This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. The students should master the following key concepts of cardiopulmonary bypass and the clinical indication of the cardiopulmonary bypass. To be familiar with: the principle of cardiopulmonary bypass. To acquire a general understanding: the material during cardiopulmonary bypass.二、【講授內(nèi)容】：1、 體外循環(huán)的歷史和基本概念2、 體外循環(huán)的原理和方法3、 體外循環(huán)的材料和監(jiān)測(cè)4、 體外循環(huán)的臨床應(yīng)用（治療作用和生命支持作用）5、 體外膜式氧合器氧合療法（ECMO）的概念、臨床應(yīng)用和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：1、 體外循環(huán)的發(fā)展歷程，在臨床各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用將來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。2、 體外膜式氣合器氧合療法的概念，國(guó)內(nèi)外應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，未來(lái)的發(fā)展前景。DescriptionThis chapter will introduce the principle and concept of the cardiopulmonary bypass. We should master the clinical indications of the cardiopulmonary bypass. 五、【參考書(shū)】：體外循環(huán)學(xué)（龍村主編）現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)（第三版）氧供需平衡的監(jiān)控Monitoring and control of the balance between oxygen supply and demand本章授課前請(qǐng)自學(xué)病理生理學(xué)缺氧、氧解離曲線部分內(nèi)容一、【目的要求】：1、 掌握氧供、氧耗、氧需、缺氧的概念；2、 掌握術(shù)中氧運(yùn)輸過(guò)程的監(jiān)測(cè)3、 熟悉氧供需平衡監(jiān)測(cè)；4、 熟悉氧療的基本概念和方法Objectives:This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. To master the following key concepts and principle: oxygen supply, oxygen consumption, oxygen demand, hypoxia, and the monitoring item of oxygen transportation process. To be familiar with: the balance between oxygen supply and demand. To acquire a general understanding: the basic concepts and methods of oxygen therapy二、【講授內(nèi)容】：1、 氧輸送的過(guò)程2、 氧供的監(jiān)測(cè)和計(jì)算方法3、 氧供需平衡的監(jiān)控4、 氧療的基本概念和方法三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：氧運(yùn)輸?shù)倪^(guò)程及監(jiān)測(cè)、氧供和氧耗的計(jì)算五、【參考書(shū)】：現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)（第三版）休克Shock一、 【目的要求】：1、 掌握休克的分類(lèi)；2、 掌握休克的臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷、急救處理和治療要點(diǎn)；3、 熟悉休克的特殊監(jiān)測(cè)；4、 熟悉使用血管活性藥物的適應(yīng)癥及注意事項(xiàng)；5、 了解休克治療的進(jìn)展。Objective: This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. Five main points are covered in this chapter including: 1. Cellular alterations. 2. Impairment of cellular metabolism. 3. Organ response. 4. Types of shock. 5. Treatment for shock. All of the above contents need to be well understood and mastered by the students.二、 【講授內(nèi)容】：1、 休克的概念、病因、分類(lèi)2、 休克時(shí)微循環(huán)的變化特點(diǎn)及與疾病發(fā)展變化的關(guān)系3、 休克的臨床表現(xiàn)4、 休克的急救措施，綜合治療要點(diǎn)5、 休克液體治療的原則和注意事項(xiàng)三、 【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：休克的診斷和處理Description：In the first part of this course, we will introduce the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of shock, including cellular alteration, impairment of cellular metabolism, neuroendocrine response, cardiovascular response, pulmonary response and renal response. And then, six specific forms of shock will be introduced, including cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, septic and traumatic shock. At last, the approach to the patient with shock will be introduced, including monitoring, diagnosis and treatment. 五、【參考書(shū)】：現(xiàn)代麻醉學(xué)（第三版）體液酸堿平衡的監(jiān)控Fluid，electrolyte and acid-base balance一、【目的要求】：1、 掌握各型水鈉代謝障礙，低、高鉀病理、臨床癥狀、治療原則；2、 掌握各型酸堿中毒的病理生理、臨床癥狀、診治原則；3、 熟悉正常水、電解質(zhì)代謝和酸堿平衡的基礎(chǔ)理論；4、 熟悉體液失調(diào)臨床處理的基本原則。5、 了解其他電解質(zhì)失衡的臨床表現(xiàn)和處理原則；Objective: This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. Five main points are covered in this chapter including: 1. Clinical manifestations and principles of therapy of dehydration and hypokaleamia and hyperkaleamia. 2. Diagnosis and treatment of simple acid-base balance. 3. Basic theories of normal homeostasis of internal environment. 4. Distribution and adjustment of fluid in different compartment. 5. Concept and treatment of other disturbance of internal environment. The first two main points need to be mastered, the third and forth points should be familiar with, and the fifth point should be understood by the students.二、【講授內(nèi)容】：1. 各型水鈉代謝障礙，低、高鉀病理、臨床癥狀、治療原則；2. 各型酸堿中毒的病理生理、臨床癥狀、診治原則；3. 正常水、電解質(zhì)代謝和酸堿平衡的基礎(chǔ)理論；4. 體液失調(diào)臨床處理的基本原則。三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：重點(diǎn)：各型脫水，低、高鉀血癥，代謝性酸中毒的診治原則。難點(diǎn)：各型脫水的診斷，酸堿失衡的臨床分析方法。Description：The concepts of dehydration and electrolyte abnomities and acid-base disturbance are introduced, also are the clinical manifestations and principles of therapy.五、【參考書(shū)】：張文武主編，急診內(nèi)科學(xué)，第六篇 水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿平衡失調(diào)，589635。人民衛(wèi)生出版社危重病人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持Surgical nutrition一、【目的要求】：1、 掌握營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況的評(píng)估方法；2、 熟悉饑餓及應(yīng)激狀態(tài)時(shí)機(jī)體的代謝變化；3、 掌握營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持的實(shí)施原則，腸內(nèi)以及腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)實(shí)施的方法、適應(yīng)癥以及并發(fā)癥；4、 掌握全胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)（TPN）的配制原則。5、 了解七種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的基本生理功能；6、 了解特殊病人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持。Objective: This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. Six main points are covered in this chapter including: 1. Assessment of nutrition status. 2. Principles，methods，indications，and complications of enteral or parenteral nutrition. 3. Principles for making out a Total Parenteral Nutrition prescription. 4. Metabolic changes of body at hungry or stress. 5. Physiological functions of seven essential nutrient. 6. Nutrition support for patients with specific diseases. The first three main points need to be mastered, the forth and fifth points should be familiar with, and the sixth point should be understood by the students.二、【講授內(nèi)容】： 目的要求中的內(nèi)容。三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】： 重點(diǎn)：營(yíng)養(yǎng)支持的實(shí)施原則，腸內(nèi)以及腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)實(shí)施的方法、適應(yīng)癥以及并發(fā)癥，TPN的配制原則。 難點(diǎn)：營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況的評(píng)估方法，TPN的配制方法。Description：Malnutrition is very common in critically ill patients. The course introduces the indications and complications of enteral or parenteral nutrition, and the detailed methods are also introduced. 五、【參考書(shū)】：臨床營(yíng)養(yǎng)基礎(chǔ)。Lubos Sobotka 主編，復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社急性肺損傷（ALI）和急性呼吸窘迫綜合征（ARDS）ALI & ARDS一、【目的要求】：1、 掌握ALI和ARDS的定義和診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；2、 掌握ALI與ARDS的臨床表現(xiàn)和診治原則。3、 熟悉ARDS的病理改變和病理生理過(guò)程和掌握ARDS呼吸支持治療的原則。4、 了解ALI和ARDS的病因；Course Objective: This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. Five main points are covered in this chapter including: 1. Concepts and diagnosis of Acute Lung Injury（ALI）and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome（ARDS）. 2. Clinical manifestations and principles of therapy of ALI & ARDS. 3. Principles of ventilation support for patients with ARDS. 4. Pathophysiological and physiological changes of ARDS. 5. Etiology of ALI & ARDS. The first three main points need to be mastered, the forth point should be familiar with, and the fifth point should be understood by the students.二、【講授內(nèi)容】： 目的要求中的內(nèi)容。三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：重點(diǎn)：ALI與ARDS的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，臨床表現(xiàn)與治療原則。難點(diǎn)：ALI與ARDS的治療原則。Course Description：The concept and diagnostic standard，as well as principles of treatment for patients with ALI & ARDS are introduced. The pathophysiological and physiological changes are introduced also.五、【參考書(shū)】：急性呼吸窘迫綜合征。毛寶齡主編，人民衛(wèi)生出版社 多器官功能障礙綜合征Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome（MODS）一、【目的要求】：1、 熟悉MODS的定義以及MODS、MOF、SIRS三者概念上的相互關(guān)系；2、 熟悉MODS的病因、發(fā)病機(jī)制、診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；3、 掌握SIRS的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，MODS的臨床特征與防治原則；4、 了解急性腎衰、急性呼吸窘迫綜合征、應(yīng)激性潰瘍、急性肝衰竭的基本概念、發(fā)病原因；5、 掌握急性腎衰、急性呼吸窘迫綜合征與應(yīng)激性潰瘍、急性肝衰竭的臨床表現(xiàn)與治療原則。Course Objective: This chapter is designed for undergraduate students in the School of Medicine. Five main points are covered in this chapter including: 1. Concepts of Systematic Inflammatory Reaction Syndrome（SIRS）、MODS and Multiple Organ Failure（MOF） and the relationship between them. 2. Etiology、pathogenesis and diagnosis of MODS. 3. Diagnosis of SIRS，clinical features and principle of therapy of MODS. 4. Clinical manifestations and principles of therapy of acute renal failure、ARDS、stress ulcer and acute hepatic failure. 5.Basic concept and etiology of acute renal failure、ARDS、stress ulcer and acute hepatic failure . The first two main points should be familiar with ，the third and forth points need to be mastered, and the fifth point should be understood by the students.二、【講授內(nèi)容】：同目的要求。三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：重點(diǎn)：MODS的病因、發(fā)病機(jī)制、診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與防治原則。難點(diǎn)：MODS的病因、發(fā)病機(jī)制、診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與防治原則。Course Description：The concepts and diagnosis of MODS and SIRS are introduced，as well as . the clinical manifestations and principles of therapy. Basic concepts and etiology and principles of therapy of acute renal failure、ARDS、stress ulcer and acute hepatic failure are introduced also.五、【參考書(shū)】： 多器官功能障礙綜合征。盛志勇主編，人民衛(wèi)生出版社六、【見(jiàn)習(xí)內(nèi)容】 內(nèi)容：休克、ARDS/MODS、酸堿平衡、電解質(zhì)的監(jiān)測(cè)調(diào)節(jié)、外科營(yíng)養(yǎng)心肺腦復(fù)蘇Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation一、【目的要求】：1. 掌握心跳驟停的診斷；2. 掌握基礎(chǔ)生命支持的內(nèi)容和方法；3. 掌握進(jìn)一步生命支持的主要內(nèi)容和方法；4. 熟悉導(dǎo)致心跳驟停的常見(jiàn)原因；5. 熟悉心腦后期生命支持的治療原則；6. 熟悉腦死亡的概念；7. 了解腦死亡的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和方法；Objectives: To master the following key concepts and principles: etiology and diagnosis of cardiac arrest, strategies of basic life support, strategies of advanced life support. To be familiar with：pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia To acquire a general understanding: mechanisms of action of chest compressions, Management after initial Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, brain death.二、【講授內(nèi)容】：1、 心跳驟停原因，心跳驟停后的病理生理改變，心跳驟停臨床表現(xiàn)和診斷；2、 基礎(chǔ)生命支持的內(nèi)容和方法；3、 進(jìn)一步生命支持的主要內(nèi)容和方法，心肺復(fù)蘇流程-2010年國(guó)際指南。4、 心腦后期支持的治療原則和方法；5、 腦死亡概念和診斷方法。三、【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】：心跳驟停臨床表現(xiàn)，原因及預(yù)防的重要性；早期診斷和盡快采取ABC治療及其ABC的實(shí)施方法；早期去顫是復(fù)蘇成功的關(guān)鍵，去顫的機(jī)制和實(shí)施方法；心肺復(fù)蘇流程-2010年國(guó)際指南；Prerequisite：Brief Contents:Common causes of Cardiac Arrest (CA) Diagnosis of cardiac arrestClinical signs of CAECG patterns of CA Basic life supportChest compression AirwayBreathingDefibrillationAdvanced life supportAdvanced airway controlling and oxygenationECG monitoringResuscitating drug administrationManagement after initial resuscitationMaintainace of oxygenation and circulationFluid, electrolyte, acid-base balance Arrhythmia recognition and treatmentCerebral protectionPathophysiology of cerebral ischemiaPrinciples of brain protection from ischemiaConcepts of brain death五、【參考書(shū)】：2010年心肺復(fù)蘇和心血管急救國(guó)際指南。原版主編：美國(guó)心臟學(xué)會(huì)。六、【見(jiàn)習(xí)內(nèi)容】地點(diǎn)：新八教臨床技能教室內(nèi)容：參考2010年AHA心肺復(fù)蘇指南，掌握BLS疼痛學(xué)Pain and Pain Management一【目的要求】：1. 掌握術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛重要性及病人自控鎮(zhèn)痛應(yīng)用2. 掌握慢性疼痛治療的基本方法及治療原則3掌握癌痛藥物治療的三階梯原則4. 熟悉疼痛的惡性循環(huán)及傳導(dǎo)通路，神經(jīng)阻滯治療疼痛的機(jī)理；5. 了解疼痛的簡(jiǎn)史、分類(lèi)、機(jī)