第5單元形容詞和副詞(一)（一）形容詞和副詞的用法1形容詞的用法： 形容詞是指用來修飾名詞，表示名詞的屬性的詞。一般放在它所修飾的名詞前作定語，也可獨(dú)立作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語等。(1)作定語：This is an interesting story. Kitty is a clever cat. (2)作表語：Yao Ming is very _tall_.Our classroom is _big_ and bright. (3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：Dont make your hands dirty.Were trying to make our school beautiful. (4)注意：a. 有些形容詞只能作表語。如：alone, afraid, asleep等。例That old man feels alone because his children are out, Im afraid he cant come. b. 形容詞與不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything等連用時(shí)，要放在這些詞后面。例There is something wrongwith my DVD machine.Its nothing serious.c. 某些形容詞可以和定冠詞連用，表示一類人或事物，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。如：the young(年輕人)，the poor(窮人)d. 如果有兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，其前后排列順序一般如下：限定詞(a/the, this/some/her)+數(shù)量詞(先序數(shù)詞后基數(shù)詞)+觀點(diǎn)+大小+形狀+新舊+顏色+產(chǎn)地+材料+名詞。如：a big old German computer 2副詞的用法：副詞是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞或全句的詞。用來說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式、頻度等，在句中主要用作狀語。 (1) 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，告訴我們動(dòng)作是怎樣進(jìn)行的，什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行或者在什么地方發(fā)生的，一般位于動(dòng)詞之后。 例 They went to the park early yesterday. We must study hard. (2) 副詞修飾形容詞或副詞，則告訴我們這些形容詞或副詞的程度如何，一般位于這些詞前。 例 Michael Jordan jumps very high.Dai Yuqiang sings quite well. (3) 注意： a副詞表示頻度修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，位于連系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。 例Mr. Wang usually comes to school on foot. The boy is often ill. b. already和yet都表示“已經(jīng)”，但是，already用于陳述句，而且事情早些已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或比期望發(fā)生的要早。它一般用于句子中間，但不能和時(shí)間狀語放在一起。 例1) The train has already gone. 2) The train has already arrived. 3) I have already read the book. yet用來談某事在預(yù)料之中，用于疑問句和否定句，一般放在句末。 例1) Have you found your book yet? 2) They havent come back yet. c. ever用于疑問句或帶if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意義的肯定句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”一般要放在動(dòng)詞前邊；它不用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的簡略回答，而要用Yes,I have或No, never表示。 例 The old man hardly ever goes out. “Have you ever been to the new library?” “No, never”. 3. 區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞、形容詞(1) too 用于肯定、疑問句常用于句尾also 較為正式書面語，緊跟動(dòng)詞either 用于否定句，用于句尾例1) He likes music, I like it, too.2) They also agree with me.3) She cant swim either.(2) such 修飾名詞 so 修飾形容詞、副詞 例1) I have never seen such an interesting film.2) This box is so heavy that I cant carry it. (3) alone(單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自)作表語=by oneself lonely(孤獨(dú)的)可作表語、定語 例1) He lived alone, but he didnt feel lonely.2) Its a lonely village.(4) hard(努力地)hardly(幾乎不)否定副詞例She works very hard, and he hardly has a rest on Sundays. 4形容詞與副詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)變： 形容詞是用來修飾名詞，副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其它副詞，它們?cè)诰唧w應(yīng)用中可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化，規(guī)律如下： a. 在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly，構(gòu)成副詞， 如：usual-usually, bad-badly b. 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i，再加-ly 如：heavy-heavily, happy-happily 注意這些單詞的變化：polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-