_教師學(xué)生 時(shí)間和時(shí)段 2016年 月 日（ ： ： ）學(xué)科英語(yǔ)年級(jí)九年級(jí)上 教材名稱(chēng) 人教版授課題目Unit6 When was it invented?課 次第（ ）次課【短語(yǔ)歸納】1. the style of 的樣式 17. all of a sudden 突然；猛地2. such a great invention 如此了不起的一項(xiàng)發(fā)明18. by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地；無(wú)意中3. be used for 被用于. 19. in the end 最后4. by accident 偶然；意外地 20.a cook called George Crum 一個(gè)名叫喬治卡拉姆的廚師5. think of/ about 想/考慮 21. more than 多于；超過(guò)6. fall into 落入/陷入 22. the Olympics 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)7. in our daily life 在我們的日常生活中23. divideinto 把分成8. some time 一段時(shí)間 24. at the same time 同時(shí)9. the saint of tea 茶圣 25. stopfrom doing阻止做10. less than 少于；不到 26. dream of/ about 夢(mèng)想；向往11. take place 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 27. not onlybut also不但.而且12. in the 19th century 在十九世紀(jì) 28. the number of 的數(shù)量13. the popularity of 的普及 29. more and more 越來(lái)越.14. without doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)；的確 30. look up to 欽佩；仰慕15. at a low price 以低價(jià) 31. achieve ones dreams 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想16. translate. into. 把.翻譯成 32. take notes 記筆記 33.lead to 導(dǎo)致【用法集萃】1. It is said that據(jù)說(shuō) 2.It is believed that人們認(rèn)為.3. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事4. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 5. need to do sth.需要做某事6.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事7. be used to do sth. 被用于做某事Section Al. I think the TV was invented before the car. 我認(rèn)為電視是在小汽車(chē)之前被發(fā)明的 。1) was invented意為“被發(fā)明”,此結(jié)構(gòu)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“ was/were+及物動(dòng)同的過(guò)去分詞” 。The house was built in1967.這所房子是在1967年被建的。These trees were planted last year.這些樹(shù)是去年被種植的。2) invent及物動(dòng)同,意為“發(fā)明”,指發(fā)明以前從未存在過(guò)的東西 。一Do you know who invented the light bulb?你知道是誰(shuí)發(fā)明了電燈泡嗎?-Edison. 愛(ài)迪生 。2.shoes with special heels 有特殊鞋跟的鞋子with介詞,意為“有;帶有;具有”,表示某物帶有或具有某種特征。 介詞短語(yǔ)with special heels作 shoes的后置定語(yǔ)。a coat with four pockets有4個(gè)口袋的外套 a book with a blue cover一本藍(lán)色封面的書(shū)【拓展】 with作介詞,用法很多,常見(jiàn)的還有:意為“和一起”,表示伴隨 。I like to talk freely with my friends.我喜歡和朋友們一起自由交談。意為“用”，表示使用某種工具、手段等。 Cut it with a knife.用刀把它切開(kāi)。 意為“關(guān)于.，對(duì)于.，對(duì).來(lái)說(shuō)”，表幣關(guān)系等。 Are you pleased with the result? 你對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果滿(mǎn)意嗎？3. the style of the shoes 鞋的樣式 style名詞，意為“樣式;款式”。the style of意為“的樣式/風(fēng)格”。 The style of the skirt is just in season.這條裙子的款式正當(dāng)時(shí)令。I wouldnt tell lies to you. Thats not my style.我不會(huì)跟你撒謊，那不是我的風(fēng)格。 【拓展】常用短語(yǔ)：in style意為“流行的；時(shí)髦的”;out of style意為“過(guò)時(shí)的”;a life style 意為“生活方式”。4.一Can you help me think of an invention?你能幫我想個(gè)發(fā)明嗎？ 一My pleasure! 樂(lè)意效勞！Can you?意為“你能嗎?”，此句型表示客氣地邀請(qǐng)某人做某事,can可以用 could替換。區(qū)別在于：用could比用can語(yǔ)氣更委婉，顯得更有禮貌，而can則較口化。can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“能,可以”，其后接動(dòng)詞原形。Can you？的肯定回答一般為 Sure，Id love/like to. /With pleasure.等。否定回答中常用 Sorry.代替 No.以示禮貌，即“Sorry，I cant.”或“Im sorry，but. -Can/Could you go shopping with me? 你和我一起去購(gòu)物好嗎？ Sure，Id love to. /Sorry，I cant. I have to do my homework. 當(dāng)然，我很樂(lè)意。/抱歉，我不能去，我得做作業(yè)。【拓展】向別人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求、建議或征求某人的意見(jiàn)，還有幾種表達(dá)方法，大多數(shù)語(yǔ)氣比較委婉，顯得客氣而有禮貌1)Would you like ?你想要/愿意.嗎？like 后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式，用來(lái)提出建議或者發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。Would you like some orange? 你想要些橘子汁嗎？Would you like to play basketball? 你愿意和我們一起打籃球嗎？2) Would/Could you please. . . ?“請(qǐng)你好嗎?”please后接動(dòng)詞原形。其中 would和could不是過(guò)去式,而是表示語(yǔ)氣更加委婉 。 此句用來(lái)提出建議、請(qǐng)求或發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。Would/Could you please help me sweep the f1oor? 請(qǐng)你幫我打掃地板好嗎?3) Sha11 we?“我們好嗎?”sha11是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其后接動(dòng)詞原形。 此句式用來(lái)征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。Sha11 we have a picnic together ? 我們一起野餐好嗎?4) Lets. . .意為“讓我們吧”,let后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 本句式用來(lái)提出建議或征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。Lets go to the mountains and camp there.我們到山上去并在那兒露營(yíng)吧。5) Why not. . . ?或 Why dont you. . . ?“(你)為什么不呢?”其后接動(dòng)詞原形。本句用來(lái)提出建議。Why not go there? 為什么不去那里呢?6) How/What about? “怎么樣?”about為介詞,其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞一ing形式。本句用來(lái)提出建議或征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。How/What about taking the subway? 乘地鐵怎么樣?pleasure名詞,意為“愉快;高興”。It gives me much pleasure to be with you.和你在一起我感到十分高興Reading gives me great pleasure.讀書(shū)帶給我很大的樂(lè)趣。.辨析:pleasure, pleased, please 與 pleasantpleasure名詞表示 高興，愉快，多用于口語(yǔ)：With pleasurepleased形容詞一般作表語(yǔ)偶爾也作定語(yǔ)高興地，喜歡的句子的主語(yǔ)是人please動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞表示“使高興、滿(mǎn)意、愉快”等不及物動(dòng)詞表示“高興、愉快”等pleasant形容詞作定語(yǔ)令人高興的，令人愉快的修飾事物，不能修飾人作表語(yǔ)使人感到高興愉快的句子主語(yǔ)是表示事物的詞語(yǔ)，它側(cè)重客觀地，總體地描述事物It is a pleasure to talk with her.和她談話(huà)是一種樂(lè)趣。We are very pleased with our new house.我們對(duì)我們的新房很滿(mǎn)意 。 The good news pleased the farnily. 這個(gè)好消息使全家人很高興 。I hope you have a pleasant trip.我希望你旅途愉快。5. Is it really such a great invention?它真的是這么偉大的一項(xiàng)發(fā)明嗎? such形容詞,意為“這樣的,如此的”,常用在句中作定語(yǔ),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“ such ( a/an) + adj +n.”。如:Theres no such thing as a free lunch. 世上沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐這類(lèi)的好事兒。Why do you buy such expensive c1othes? 你為什么買(mǎi)這么貴的衣服?辨析：such與so such形容詞后接名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)1) such （a/an）+adj. + n.2) some /any /no+such +n. I have never seen such a beautiful place before.我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)如此美麗的地方。Im sorry that I have no such books.對(duì)不起我沒(méi)有這樣的書(shū)。so副詞后接形容詞或副詞1)so+ adj. /adv.或so + adj.+ a/an +n2)so many/much/few/little +n.My father bought me so lovely a dog.我爸爸給我買(mǎi)了一只如此可愛(ài)的狗。He has so many books in his room.他的房間里有如此多的書(shū)。6. Think about how often its used in our daily lives. 想想在我們的日常生活中它多久被用一次。daily 形容詞，意為 每日的，日常的，用作lives的定語(yǔ)。 What is your daily work?你的日常工作是什么？【拓展】1）daily 還可作名詞，意為 日?qǐng)?bào)Peoples Daily 人民日?qǐng)?bào) China Daily 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)3) 與 daily結(jié)構(gòu)相似的詞有：weekly每周的 monthly 每月的 yearly 每年的7. The pioneers of different inventions were listed there.那里列舉了不同發(fā)明的創(chuàng)始者。1)pioneer可數(shù)名詞，意為先鋒；先驅(qū)He is a pioneer in modern medical science.他是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的先驅(qū)。2）list 此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為列表，列清單Please list all the things you want to buy.請(qǐng)把你想買(mǎi)的東西列個(gè)清單。【拓展】list做可數(shù)名詞，意為名單；清單；短語(yǔ)make a list 意為列清單。You can make a list of things to do.你可以把要做的事情列個(gè)清單。8. For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson inl893.例如,它提到拉鏈?zhǔn)怯苫萏乜颇坟暤律趌893年發(fā)明的。mention及物動(dòng)詞,意為“提到;說(shuō)到”,其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞一in9 形式或 that從句作賓語(yǔ)。He didnt mention his illness in the letter.在信中他沒(méi)有提到他的疾病。Nobody mentioned going out to help him.沒(méi)有人提到要出去幫助他。 【拓展】Dont mention it意為“不客氣;不用謝”常用作對(duì)他人致謝時(shí)的答語(yǔ)。-Thanks a lot.多謝。 -Dont mention it.不客氣。9.Did you know that tea, the most popularity drink in the world（after water）, was invented by accident?你知道茶這種世界上最受歡迎的飲料（僅次于水），是偶然被發(fā)明的嗎？by accident 意為偶然地，意外地。同義詞組為 by chance；反義詞組為 on purposeI met her by accident in a crowded bus. 我意外地在擁擠的公交車(chē)上遇見(jiàn)了她。Our meeting in Paris was by accident.我們?cè)诎屠璧囊?jiàn)面是個(gè)巧合。10.Many people believe that tea was first drunk nearly 5,000 years ago.許多人認(rèn)為在近5000年前茶首次被飲用。They sat so c1ose that their heads nearly touched.他們坐得這么近,頭都差不多碰到一起了 。He plays golf nearly every weekend.他幾乎每個(gè)周末都打高爾夫球。辨析:nearly與 almostnearly與 almost都是副詞,意為“幾乎;差不多”。在單純表示“時(shí)間、程度、進(jìn)度”時(shí),nearly= almost 。The building is nearly/almost completed.大接差不多完工了The river is nearly100 meters wide.nearly常用于具體數(shù)字前;可與 not連用,構(gòu)成“not這條河有近百米寬。nearly”,意為“遠(yuǎn)非”;可與 a11, every等詞連用Nearly al1 of them live in England.他們幾乎全部都住在英格蘭。 相當(dāng)于 very nearly,可與 no, nothing, none,Almost no one believed him,almostnever等詞連用,但通常不與 not連用,不能說(shuō)幾乎沒(méi)有人相信他。not almost或 almost not,表示“幾乎不”用This is almost more than we feared.hardly;在 more than, too前用 almost這簡(jiǎn)直遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)我們所害怕的情況 。、.11. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.據(jù)說(shuō)一個(gè)名叫神農(nóng)的中國(guó)統(tǒng)治者是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)茶這種飲料的(人)。 1)It is said that .意為據(jù)說(shuō).，有人說(shuō).It is said that wisdom is born with a man. 有人說(shuō)智慧是與生俱來(lái)的It is said that there are wolves in this forest.據(jù)說(shuō)這片森林里有狼2)call動(dòng)詞,意為“把叫做,稱(chēng)呼,為取名” ca11ed為過(guò)去分詞,作后置定語(yǔ),修飾 a Chinese ruler,相當(dāng)于called。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),則動(dòng)詞和所修飾的名同之問(wèn)存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I know the gir1 ca1led Lisa.我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)叫前薩的女孩。12. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.一些葉子從茶樹(shù)上落入這水里并在里面停留了一段時(shí)間。1) fall into 意為落入，陷入He fe1l into the river suddenly.他突然掉進(jìn)河里了。We played a trick on him and he fell right into it.我們給他設(shè)了個(gè)圈套，他就中計(jì)了。【拓展】與 fal1相關(guān)的短語(yǔ): fa1l behind落后 fall down 摔倒 fall off掉下 fall asleep入睡2) remain不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“剩下,停留;逗留”.A few pears remain on the trees.樹(shù)上還留有幾個(gè)梨。She remained in her office all afternoon.她整個(gè)下午都待在辦公室里。【拓展】remain用作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“保持;仍是”,后接形容詞、名詞、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。The room remains cool all summer.這個(gè)房間整個(gè)夏天都保持涼爽。She remained sitting when they came in. 他們進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),她仍然坐著。3) some time意為“一段時(shí)間”。I will stay here for some time.我要在這兒待一段時(shí)間。 辨析:some time, sometimes, some times與sometime some time名詞短語(yǔ)一段時(shí)間表示“一段時(shí)間”時(shí),常常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,對(duì)它提問(wèn)用how1ong sometimes頻度副詞有時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的不經(jīng)常性,多與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用,它可位于句首、句中或句末some times名詞短語(yǔ)幾次;幾倍其中 time是可數(shù)名詞,對(duì)它提問(wèn)用 how many times sometime副詞 某時(shí)表示某個(gè)不確切或不具體的時(shí)間,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)對(duì)它提問(wèn)用 when I need some time to do my homework.我需要一段時(shí)間來(lái)做作業(yè)。she comes to visit us sometimes.她有時(shí)來(lái)看望我們 。Lucy has been to Beijing some times.露西去過(guò)北京幾次了 。Jack will leave for America sometime next week.杰克將在下周來(lái)個(gè)時(shí)間動(dòng)身去美國(guó) 。13.This helped to spread the popularity of the tea and the tea plant to more places around the world.這幫助到了茶以及茶樹(shù)普及到世界各地更多的地方。popularity名詞,意為“受歡迎;晉及,常用短語(yǔ): the popularity of意為”的普及”。 popularity的形容詞形式為popular,意為“受歡迎的,流行的”。The popularity of the Internet has risen. 因特網(wǎng)的普及程度已經(jīng)上升了 。14.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.盡管現(xiàn)在很多人了解茶文化,但是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)中國(guó)人才是最懂茶的本質(zhì)的人。 doubt此處用作名詞,意為“疑惑;疑問(wèn)”。 常用短語(yǔ): without doubt意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn);的確”;no doubt意為“無(wú)疑;確實(shí)地”。 A sudden doubt came to my mind.我腦海中突然起了疑慮。 He is without doubt the cleverest student I have ever taught. 他確實(shí)是我曾教過(guò)的最聰明的學(xué)生 。【拓展】 doubt還可用作動(dòng)詞意為“懷疑” 。 后可接名詞、代詞、 if/whether/that從句等作賓語(yǔ)。He doubted Jim, since he was ever dishonest. 他懷疑吉姆,因?yàn)樗?jīng)不誠(chéng)實(shí)過(guò)。15.They sold the fridge at a low price.他們以低價(jià)出售了冰箱。1) at a low price 意為以低價(jià)，價(jià)格有高低，price價(jià)格只能用 high low修飾。I bought this watch at alow price.我以低價(jià)買(mǎi)了這塊手表。What do five books cost at two dollars a book? 兩美元一本的書(shū),5本價(jià)錢(qián)是多少?2)low 還有矮的，以及不高興的含義She is still feeling pretty low about failing that exam.她仍因那次考試不及格而情緒低落。Section B1.salty 咸的salty形容詞，意為咸的，含鹽的,是由名詞 salt“鹽,食鹽”加-y構(gòu)成的形容詞 。He didnt have much for dinner because the dishes were too salty.他晚餐吃得不多,因?yàn)椴颂塘恕Ｃ~+-y構(gòu)成形容詞：在英語(yǔ)中，很多名詞后加-y以構(gòu)成形容詞,如: c1oud-cloudy, wind-windy, rain-rainy, sleep-sleepy等 。2.sour酸的sour形容詞,意為“酸的;有酸味的”This orange is very sour.這個(gè)橙子很酸。3. Potato chips were invented by mistake.炸薯片是無(wú)意中被發(fā)明的。by mistake介詞短語(yǔ),意為“無(wú)意中錯(cuò)誤地”在句中作狀語(yǔ) 。I took your pen by mistake.我錯(cuò)拿了你的鋼筆。she got on the wrong bus by mistake.她無(wú)意中坐錯(cuò)了公共汽車(chē) 。4.The customer was happy in the end.最后顧客高興了。in the end意為“最后;最終”,其后不接 of 短語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于 at last,fina11y 此短語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)許多變化莫測(cè)的情況之后某事才發(fā)生。They were out of danger in the end.他們最后脫險(xiǎn)了 。He did one experiment after another and in the end he succeeded.他做了一個(gè)又一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),最后成功了 。【拓展】 at the end of后接地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí),表示“在盡頭”;后接表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí),表示“在結(jié)束時(shí)” 。Walk along the street and youll find the hospital at the end of the street.沿著這條街走,在街道的盡頭你就會(huì)找到那家醫(yī)院 。Well have an English test at the end of this week.在這個(gè)周末我們要舉行一次英語(yǔ)測(cè)試。by the end of意為“在以前,到為止” 常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中。 We will finished the work by the end of this year.我們?cè)诮衲昴甑字熬蜁?huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作5.Basketba11 was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861. 籃球是加拿大的一位名叫詹姆斯奈史斯密的醫(yī)生發(fā)明的，他出生于1861年。 (1 )Canadian形容詞,意為“加拿大的;加拿大人的”.Her sister is a Canadian teacher.她的姐姐是一位加拿大教師【拓展】 Canadian用作可數(shù)名詞,意為“加拿大人”其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 CanadiansTwo Canadians are taking photos in the park.兩名加拿大人正在公園里拍照(2)who was born in1861是-個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,省去后不影響主句的意思,并且常用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi),翻譯時(shí)常譯成并列的分句。Our classroom is cleaned by Tom every day,who is always the first one to get to school.每天我們的教室都由湯姆打掃,他總是第一個(gè)到達(dá)學(xué)校。6. Dr. Naismith created a game to be played inside on a hard floor.奈史密斯醫(yī)生創(chuàng)造了一種在室內(nèi)的硬地板上進(jìn)行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。to be played是不定式 to play的被動(dòng)形式; to be played作后置定語(yǔ),修飾 game,其中g(shù)ame是 play動(dòng)作的承受者,二者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。He wanted the letter to be typed at once.他想要這封信立刻被打印出來(lái)。7.Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯醫(yī)生把他的班里的男生分成兩隊(duì)，并教他們玩他的新運(yùn)動(dòng)。1）divideinto意為 把分成其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為 be divided into,意為 被分為L(zhǎng)ets divide ourselves into several groups.讓我們分成幾個(gè)小組吧。The students in our class are divided into eight groups.我們班的學(xué)生被分成了八個(gè)小組。2)divide及物動(dòng)詞，意為分開(kāi)分割，指把整體分為若干部分He divided the cake among the children.他把這個(gè)蛋糕分給了孩子們。3）teach sb. to do sth.意為教某人做某事My father taught me to swim. 我的父親教我游泳。【拓展】teach的常用短語(yǔ)還有teach sb. sth.教某人某事 teach oneself 自學(xué)She taught us English at school.在學(xué)校她教我們英語(yǔ)。 I taught myself English.我自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。8. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同時(shí)他們需要阻止對(duì)方把球投到自己的籃筐里。1)at the same time意為“同時(shí)”,其中 same為形容詞,意為“相同的”,使用時(shí)前一般要加定冠詞 the。We both got to school at the same time this morning.今天上午我們倆同時(shí)到校。Bob and Tony are in the same class.鮑勃和托尼在相同的班級(jí)。(2) stop from doing意為“阻止做”。 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中 from可以省略,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省略。The workers had to work for hours to stop the ship from going down.工人們不得不工作數(shù)小時(shí)來(lái)阻止船下沉 。9.Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.如今,隨著許多年輕人夢(mèng)想著成為著名的運(yùn)動(dòng)員,籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在世界范圍內(nèi)普及開(kāi)來(lái)。 dream of/about意為“夢(mèng)想;向往” 。The boy dreams of/about becoming a scientist.那個(gè)男孩夢(mèng)想成為一名科學(xué)家。10.The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased.NBA的外國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員包括中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的數(shù)量已經(jīng)增加了 。including介詞,意為“包含,包括”,須置于它所說(shuō)明的名詞或代詞之前 。They have many pets, including three cats.他們有很多寵物,包括三只貓。We all went to Shanghai,including my younger brother.我們都去了上海,包括我弟弟。11. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.許多年輕人欽佩這些籃球英雄，并且想成為像他們一樣的人。1) look up to 意為欽佩，仰慕。其中to為介詞，后可接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。They look up to him for his knowledge. 他們因?yàn)樗膶W(xué)時(shí)而欽佩他。look up to還可意為 仰起頭看The girl is so short that she has to look up to her elder sister. 這個(gè)女孩個(gè)子太矮，只好仰著頭看她的姐姐。12. These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.這些明星激勵(lì)著年輕人為實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢(mèng)想而努力學(xué)習(xí)。1) encourage sb. to do sth.意為 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老師經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我們要努力學(xué)習(xí)。2）encourage sb. in sth. 意為 在方面助長(zhǎng)某人的某種行為/鼓勵(lì)某人。Dont encourage him in laziness.別助長(zhǎng)他的懶惰行為。4) encouragement 名詞，意為鼓舞，鼓勵(lì)。5) achieve此處作及物動(dòng)詞，意為實(shí)現(xiàn)到達(dá)辨析 achieve與 come trueachieve意為實(shí)現(xiàn)，主語(yǔ)通常是人She achieved her e true意為實(shí)現(xiàn)，主語(yǔ)通常是夢(mèng)想等Her dream came ture.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)【經(jīng)典例句】1. When was the telephone invented?電話(huà)是什么時(shí)候被發(fā)明的？I think it was invented in1876.我認(rèn)為它是在1876年被發(fā)明的。2. Who was it invented by?它是由誰(shuí)發(fā)明的？It was invented by Whitcomb Judson. 它是由惠特科姆賈德森發(fā)明的。以上句子都是關(guān)于一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be 上。【語(yǔ)法全解】1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成: was/were+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞The desk was made by my father.這張桌子是由我父親做的。They were invented by Julie Thompson. 它們是由朱莉湯普森發(fā)明的。2)句式變化：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+wasnt/werent +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他？ 回答:Yes,王語(yǔ)十was/were. No,王語(yǔ)十wasnt./werent.3. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式歸納（以動(dòng)詞give為例）一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/are+ givenam/is/are+ being givenhave/has+ been given過(guò)去was/were+ given+ being givenhad+ been given將來(lái)shall/will+ be givenshall/will+ have been given過(guò)去將來(lái)should/would+ be givenshould/would + have been given含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/should/must/could/may be given3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要在下面幾種情況中使用：1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。 Such books are written for children. 這些書(shū)是為兒童寫(xiě)的。We havent been told about it.沒(méi)有人通知我們這件事2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者（這是可帶由by引起的短語(yǔ)）This book was written by Mo Yan. 這本書(shū)是由莫言寫(xiě)的。Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.許多國(guó)家已向太空發(fā)射了人造衛(wèi)星。 6) 出于禮貌等方面的考慮不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well.她被要求做關(guān)于如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的報(bào)告。【被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法】誰(shuí)的動(dòng)作不知道,說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做沒(méi)必要;承受之人需強(qiáng)調(diào),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)莫忘了 。The car was stolen yesterday.那輛汽車(chē)昨天被盜了 。Footba11 is played in most middle schools.在大多數(shù)中學(xué)里都踢足球。4.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng): 1)“主語(yǔ)十連系動(dòng)詞十表語(yǔ)”的句子沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。. .2)there be結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 .3)主動(dòng)句中賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞的沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4)句子是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。也就是說(shuō),不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 5)有些不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),如果變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不能把動(dòng)詞后的分詞丟掉。 He1ooks after his younger sister.His younger sister is looked after by him.6)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，在make, hear, see, watch, notice等詞后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to不可省略。We saw a stranger enter the ha11.A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us.我們看到一個(gè)陌生人進(jìn)入了大廳。單選1The young man was often seen _ by the riverAto drawBto drawing CdrawDdrew2The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _AinventsBinventedCis inventedDwas invented3-Its said that _ people died from car accidents in 2011-How terrible!A10 thousandsBthousand ofC10 thousands ofDthousands of4When is the sports meeting _ every year？It _at the beginning of the new termAtaken place；is heldBheld；takes placeCtaken place；holdsDheld；is taken place5About seventy percent of our earth _ by waterAis coveringBis coveredCare coveredDare covering6The model plane is made _ used wood and glass.AfromBinCofDby7Oh，this is really a big shopDo you know when it_？Awas builtBbuiltChas builtDhas been built8Take the paper with youThe details we ought to pay attention to _ on it alreadyAwritingBbeing writtenCare writtenDhave written9A new zoo _ in that area next yearAbuiltBwas builtCbuildsDwill be built10She put back the book she had taken_mistakeAinBupCtoDby11He is_to lift the bag full of ric