大學英語（專升本）復習資料考試要求及重點知識講解第一部分：語音一、考試要求共5小題，每小題1分，共5分。要求從所給的四個單詞的劃線部分中選出一個與其他三個讀音不同的選項。測試的目的是考查學生對單詞正確讀音的把握程度。二、復習內容元音字母在單詞中的讀音；輔音字母在單詞中的讀音；以及常見字母組合的讀音。復習要點1元音字母在單詞中的讀音規則英語中的A，E，I，O，U 這5個元音字母在重讀音節中的讀音如下表所示：元音字母字母讀音在重讀開音節中的讀音在重讀閉音節中的讀音aeiouei i: ai uju:ei face, latei: he, beai likeu no, goju: tune cap, sade get, leti fit, is got, lot us, cup2一般輔音字母在單詞中的讀音規則輔音字母b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, v, w, z, 只有一種讀音，例如：book, dear, five, hook, jack，king, learn, motor, next, peace, voice, week, zero。第二部分：語法與詞匯一、考試要求共20小題，每小題1分，共20分。每小題留有空白處，要求考生從所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案填入空白處，使句子符合語法規則，意思完整。二、復習內容（一）名詞名詞可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞有單、復數之分。復習要點1不可數名詞只用單數形式。抽象名詞、物質名詞和專用名詞均為不可數名詞。 如：knowledge, water, China.2絕大多數名詞的復數構成方法是在單數形式后面加-s或-es，但也有一些名詞的復數形式特殊。如：man-men；woman-women；child-children。3單數名詞所有格的構成是單詞后加“s”, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名詞。如：Marys room。名詞所有格也可以由介詞of加名詞構成，通常用于無生命的存在物的名詞, 如：the window of the classroom.（二）冠詞冠詞置于名詞之前，幫助說明該名詞所指的對象。冠詞可分為不定冠詞a(an)和定冠詞the。復習要點1不定冠詞a/an用于單數名詞前，表示某一類人或事物的“一個”。2定冠詞the可用于單數或復數名詞前，也可用于不可數名詞前。表示某一類人或事物中特定的一個或一些。3定冠詞用于形容詞最高級及序數詞前。如：the best season最好的季節；the first lady第一夫人。4世界上獨一無二的事物前加定冠詞。如：the earth 地球。5在某些慣用詞中，名詞前不加冠詞，以具體名詞表示抽象概念。如：go to school上學。（三）代詞代詞用于指代。包括：人稱、物主、反身、疑問、不定代詞等。復習要點1few和little表示“少”和“幾乎沒有”的意思，具有否定意義。a few 和a little表示“一點”和“一些”的意思，具有肯定意義。但要注意，（a）few修飾或代替可數名詞，（a）little修飾或代替不可數名詞。2由and連接兩個先行詞時，代詞用復數。3當each, everyone, everybody, no one, none, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody,用作主語或主語限定詞時，其相應的代詞一般用單數形式。4當everything, anything, something, nothing等用作主語時，句中相應的代詞一般只按語法一致的原則，用單數形式。（四）介詞介詞置于名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞前面，表示其后面的詞與主句成分的關系。復習要點注意部分常用介詞的用法差異。A表示時間的介詞1.at, in, on, duringat 表示確切的時間點或較短暫的一段時間。如：at two oclock, at sunrise等。in 表示一天中的各部分時間或較長的時間。如：in the morning, in spring, in 1997等。on 表示具體的某一天或某一天的上午或下午。如：on Sunday, on Monday afternoon等。during 表示一段時間，強調時間的延續。如：during the summer vacation等。2.from, byfrom 表示“從某時起”， fromto 表示“從某時到某時”。如：from 1981 to 1985。by 表示“到某時止”，“在某時之前”。如：by the end of this month。B表示地點的介詞1.in, atin 表示教大的地方或場所，at表示教小的地方或場所。如：in London, at the airport等。2.to, towards, forto表示目的地，towards表示方向， for表示朝著目標。例如：to travel to Chicago, to ran towards ones mother；to left for London等。（五）形容詞和副詞形容詞為用于修飾名詞的詞，表示名詞的屬性。副詞為修飾動詞、形容詞和其他副詞的詞，通常用來說明時間、地點、程度、方式等。復習要點1當被修飾的是以-thing, -one, -body結尾的不定代詞時，作定語的形容詞要后置。例如：2用原級進行比較時，通常用as構成的句型：asas, not asas，not soas。注意，在上述結構中一定要用原級，勿用比較級。3一些形容詞和副詞有兩種比較級形式。例如： older, oldest說明人的年紀或年代的久遠。oldelder, eldest 說明家庭成員的長幼。4形容詞的最高級前應加定冠詞the, 如加a則表示“非常”之意。例如：This is a most interesting film. 這是部非常有趣的電影。（六）動詞時態和語態英語的時態：就是用動詞不同的形態來表達不同時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。動詞的語態：表示主語和謂語之間的關系。 復習要點A動詞的時態1一般現在時態 通常表示客觀事實或真理；或表示經常發生的、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態。形式為：V（原形） 或V-s /es （第三人稱單數）。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球圍繞太陽轉。They always go to school by bike. 他們總是騎自行車去上學。2一般過去時態表示過去時間所發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與過去特定的時間狀語連用；或表示過去某一段時間一直持續或反復發生的動作，可與表示頻度的時間副詞連用。形式為: V-ed。例如：I bought this computer five years ago. 五年前我買了這太電腦。He often took a walk after supper when he was alive. 他還在世時，經常晚飯后去散步。3一般將來時態表示在未來某個時間將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。形式為：will / shall +V. 。例如：The telephone is ringing. I will answer it.電話在響，我去接。4現在進行時態表示此時此刻或現階段正在進行的動作。形式為：is/am/are+ V-ing。 例如：The police are looking for the two missing children.警察正在尋找兩個失蹤的小孩。5過去進行時態表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作。形式為：was/were + V-ing。例如：Jane burnt her hand when she was cooking the dinner. 珍妮在準備晚餐時燒傷了手。B動詞的語態英語有兩種語態：主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。被動語態形式為：be+過去分詞，例如：Mother beat me this morning. 媽媽今天早上打了我。I was beaten this morning. 今天早上我被打了。（七）非謂語動詞非謂語動詞指的就是動詞不定式(to do)，動名詞(doing)和分詞(doing/done). 他們在句子中不能作謂語，故得此名。復習要點1有些及物動詞只能用不定式作賓語，如：hope，want，fail，decide，manage等。例如：We all hope to see you. 我們都希望見到你。2有些及物動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，如：admit, avoid, enjoy, finish, mind等。例如：He has finished doing his work.他已經干完了他的工作。3有的及物動詞既可用不定式，也可用動名詞，但其意義有所不同。如：remember, forget, regret, stop等。例如： I forgot to take aspirin this morning. 我上午忘了吃阿斯匹林了（但現在想起來了）。I forgot taking aspirin and took it again a few minutes ago. 我忘了吃過阿司匹林，幾分鐘以前又吃了一次。（八）情態動詞情態動詞表示講話人的語氣或情感，如能力、義務、猜測等。復習要點1can表示能力，用在一般現在時和過去時中；在否定句或感嘆句中，can表示驚訝，懷疑，不相信。2may的否定形式是may not或者mustnt，意為“不行，不許”。3must 表示“義務”上的“必須，應該”， have to表示客觀上的“不得不”。4以must開始問句，肯定回答時用must，否定回答時用neednt（不必）。（九）虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表示說話人所說的話不是客觀存在的事實，而是一種愿望、可能、推測、建議、要求或假設。復習要點用在動詞suggest（建議）, order（命令） , demand（要求）等表示要求、命令、建議語氣的詞引導的賓語從句以及相應名詞suggestion，order，demand等后面的從句，從句的謂語用“（should）+動詞原形”構成虛擬語氣。例如：The teacher suggested that everyone（should）buy this dictionary. 老師建議每人買本這種字典。My suggestion is that we（should）tell him about it. 我的建議是我們應該告訴他事情真相。（十）主謂一致就是謂語動詞必須與主語在數和人稱上取得一致。復習要點A. 謂語動詞用單數的情況1主語為動詞不定式、動名詞和主語從句時，謂語動詞用單數。2事件、國名、機構名稱作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。3one, every, everyone, everybody, nobody, anybody, somebody, either, neither做主語或修飾主語時，謂語動詞用單數。B. 謂語動詞用復數的情況1both, many, few等詞語做主語或修飾主語時，謂語動詞用復數。2由and連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數。（十一）倒裝倒裝是指將句子的謂語動詞或其助動詞放在主語之前。復習要點1否定詞或否定詞組位于句首時，句子的主、謂需要倒裝。例如：Never have I read such an interesting book. 我從來沒有讀過如此有趣的書。2so/nor/neither開頭的句子，表示前句中謂語所說明的情況也同樣適用于后句中的主語時，用倒裝。例如：He doesnt like music. Nor/Neither do I. 他不喜歡音樂，我也不喜歡。（十二）從句英語中從句包括：狀語從句、定語從句、名詞性從句（包括主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句）。復習要點1主句和從句不能同時使用連接詞。如：Though it was getting dark, he still went on working. (正)Though it was getting dark, but he still went on working. (誤)2在限定性的定語從句中，作賓語的who，whom, which, that等可以省略。3Whether 和if 引導的從句的區別為：Whether后可直接跟or not, if則不能; 介詞后的賓語從句應使用whether引導，不能用if引導; whether可引導主語從句和表語從句，if則不能。第三部分：完形填空一、考試要求共15個小題，每小題1分，共15分。該部分是一篇200詞左右的短文，短文中15處空白，每個空白為1小題。每小題有四個選項，要求考生在閱讀理解文章內容的基礎上，選擇一個最佳答案，使短文的意思和結構合理、完整。二、復習內容提高綜合運用語言的能力，即閱讀理解和理解使用詞匯和語法的能力。掌握以下基本解題技巧：1 迅速通讀短文,忽略空白,掌握文章大意2 充分利用篇首句和篇尾句,進行預測和推理3 重復閱讀短文,進行選擇填空4 最后通讀一遍, 糾正錯誤.第四部分：閱讀理解一、考試要求共20個小題，每小題2分，共40分。該部分由4篇文章組成，每篇文章后5個小題，要求考生在理解全文的基礎上，從題后給出的四個選項中選出一個最符合題意的答案。二、復習內容掌握以下閱讀技巧：1. Looking for the Topic Sentence; 尋找主題句2. Recognizing Important Facts and Details; 把握文章的重要事實和細節3. Reading for the Main Idea and Drawing Conclusions; 理解文章的主旨要義；得出結論4. Using Word Part Clues for Word Meanings; 根據上下文推測詞義5. Reading for Implied Meanings; 領會文章的隱含意思6. Making Inferences and Judgments; 進行判斷推理第五部分：短文寫作一、考試要求共1個小題，總計20分。該部分要求考生寫出一篇約80詞的短文。二、復習內容A了解短文寫作部分的特點：1屬于信函寫作，字數要求約在80詞。2寫作情景用中文描述，寫作過程中需要一定的語言轉換能力。3所給的中文情景包括兩個方面：在信函寫作中需要直接體現的和需要拓展的內容。寫作時應特別注意需要拓展的部分。B掌握短文寫作的方法以下面這篇短文寫作為例，具體寫作步驟建議如下：1分析文中情景中需要直接表述（用下劃線表示）和需要拓展表達的內容（用方框表示）；你（Li Yuan）的美國朋友Harry在最近的e-mail中提到要帶他的父母來華旅游，他們計劃去黃山。給他回一封e-mail，內容包括：（1）歡迎他的父母來中國；（2）建議可行路線及交通方式（3）提醒一些必要的旅行準備（如衣物、藥品）；（4）推薦1至2處其他景點。2確定信函短文寫作的謀篇布局信函寫作的謀篇布局即為信函寫作格式。一般來講，信函寫作采用的是英語信函寫作的混合式。具體特點如下所示：January 10,2007Dear Harry,I am writing to (The body of the letter) . Best wishes.Yours,Li Yuan3進行語言轉換和內容拓展Dear Harry,I am writing to answer your e-mail.I got your e-mail and learned that you will come to China with your parents and visit Huangshan Mountain. You and your parents are welcome to China.I suggest you come to Shanghai for entry formalities first, visit Huangshan Mountain second, and have china for home in Beijing at last. It would be much better if you could bring along with you some sweaters. The weather here is changeable now. And I also suggest you take some medicine. During your stopover in Shanghai, I suggest you visit Nanjing Road and the Bund, and in Beijing, the Great Wall and the Summer Palace.With my best wishes. Your friend, Li Yuan大學英語（專科升本科）模擬試題（一） I.Phonetics (5 points)Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A. care B. share C. dare D. are2.A. hope B. motor C. lot D. go 3. A. catchB. childC. marchD. machine4. A. gateB. hateC. jadeD. staff5.A. thankB. languageC. friendD. anxiousII.Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6.The United Nations _ formed in 1945.A. isB. wasC. areD. were7.How many _ do you need?A. hours sleepB. hours of sleepC. hours of sleepingD. sleeping hours8.When we saw his face, we knew _ was good.A. the newsB. a newsC. some newsD. news9. _ of the students will spend their summer vacation in the school.A. Two fifthB. Second fifthC. Two fivesD. Two fifths10.The sun _ in the east and _ in the west.A. rise, setB. rises, setsC. is rising, is settingD. rose, set 11. “Must we do it now?”“No, you _.”A. wont B. neednt C. cantD. dont12.Saying something is one thing while doing it is _.A. othersB. the otherC. otherD. another13.It was _ that he couldnt finish it without the help of others.A. a so difficult jobB. such a difficult jobC. so a difficult jobD. such difficult a job14.He appears _ today.A. very angrilyB. very angryC. being angryD. with anger15. Whos is responsible _ the arrangements?A. for makeB. to makeC. to makingD. for making16. Little _ about his won safety, though he was in great danger himself at that time.A. does he careB. did he careC. he caresD. he cared17.I suggested that the students each _ a plan for the summer vacation.A. would makeB. will makeC. makeD. made 18.She shut the window _A_ she might keep the insects out.A. in order thatB. sinceC. tillD. because 19.Many members _A_ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. they C. which D. whom20.Now many people spend a lot of money _D_ the poor children go to school.A. helpB. to helpC. to helpingD. helping21.These new curtain do not _C_ well _ your carpet.A. gobyB. goforC. gowithD. gointo22.The little girl _D_ me _ her aunt.A. reminds; /B. recall; ofC. made; ofD. reminds; of23. Her father watches TV only for half an hour a day. He is interested in _B_ news only. A. late B. current C. present D. permanent 24. John D_ the girl his parents didnt approve of.A. was married withB. married withC. married toD. married25. Price rises _D_ consumer spending.A. arouseB. avoidC. preserveD. restrain. Cloze (15 points)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passages. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage.The angry woman sat in the station office. “The railway should pay me $12.” She said to Harry, the man 26 sold the ticket. “My ticket was 27 May 22nd, and there was 28 train from Jersey that night. 29 had to stay in a hotel. It 30 me $ 12.”Harry was worried. He remembered 31 the woman a return ticket. After he checked the Jersey timetable for May 22nd, he knew she was right. However, had he made 32 mistake? 33 what to do, he smiled at the child. “Did you have a nice holiday in Jersey?” he said to her. “Yes,” she answered shyly. “The seashore was 34 , and I can swim 35 !”“Thats fine,” said Harry. “My little girl cant swim a bit yet. Of course, shes only three”Harry turned to the mother, “I remember your ticket, madam,” he said. “But you didnt get one 36 your daughter, 37 you?”“Well,” the woman looked at the child. “I mean she hasnt started school yet. She is only four.” “A four-year-old child 38 have a ticket, madam. A childs 39 ticket to Jersey costs $13.50. So if the railway pays your hotel bill, you will owe $1.50. The law is the law, but since the mistake was 40 ”Saying nothing, the woman stood up, took the childs hand and left the office.26. A. whichB. whereC. whoseD. who27. A. onB. at C. inD. for28. A. notB. noC. theD. a29. A. I and my daughterB. Me and my daughterC. I and a daughter of mineD. My daughter and I 30. A. costsB. costC. costingD. costly31.A. buyingB. to buyC. to sellD. selling32. A. such a carelessB. so a carelessC. so carelessD. so a careless33. A. WonderedB. Being wonderedC. WonderingD. Having been wondered34. A. beautifullyB. lovelyC. greatlyD. wonderfully35. A. tooB. neitherC. eitherD. nor36. A. toB. withC. forD. given37. A. hadnt B. hadC. didD. didnt38. A. mustB. manyC. oughtD. can39. A. singleB. one wayC. go and backD. return40. A. I B. meC. myD. mineIV. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1It had been said that Lincoln was always ready to join in a laugh at himself. There is one particular story that he always told with great delight.In his early days as a lawyer, Lincoln went from town to town to hear and judge legal cases. During one of these trips, he was sitting in a train when a strange man came up to him. The stranger looked at the tall clumsy（愚笨的）lawyer and said that he had something he believed belonged to him. Lincoln was a bit puzzled. He had never seen the man before. He didnt see how a total stranger could have something of his. Lincoln asked him how this could be. The stranger pulled out a pencil knife and began to explain. Many years before, he had been given the pencil knife. He had been told to keep it until he was able to find a man uglier than himself.Lincolns eyes always sparkled when he reached this part of the story. The story always brought smiles to the faces of those who heard it. The tale itself was funny. But even more delightful was the fact that a man as Lincoln could still laugh at himself.41. This passage is about _.A. a stranger and his knifeB. Lincolns favorite storyC. meeting strangers on a trainD. Lincolns favorite pencil knife42. Lincoln was given the pencil knife for _.A. his appearanceB. a good laughC. being a lawyerD. being good-humored43. From this story we know that the stranger in the train _.A. liked to make friendsB. liked to tell jokesC. collected pencil knivesD. was not a handsome man44. What do you think would happen to the knife eventually? _.A. Lincoln accepted it and kept itB. Lincoln refused it and the stranger kept itC. Lincoln accepted it but immediately threw it awayD. Lincoln refused it and the stranger threw it away45. The MAIN POINT of the story is that _.A. Lincoln was a great and proud manB. Lincoln, even though great, was not proudC. Lincoln lacked self-respectD. Lincoln had a good sense of humorPassage 2A tunnel (隧道) is being built through a mountain. If it is dug through weak, soft rock, the tunnel may fall in. If the diggers strike water, the tunnel will be flooded. If the rock is too hard, workers will not be able to dig through it. Before a tunnel can be built, people must know what they will find. They call in a geologist. She or he helps plan a tunnel so it can go through rock that is dry and hard, but not too hard.A steel and concrete skyscraper is going up. A skyscraper cannot be built over sand or mud. Sand and mud cannot hold up a building. Before a skyscraper can be built, people must know what lies under the surface of the earth. They call in geologists.Geologists find the best place to build dams and bridges. They look for the best places to dig wells for water. Geologists help us make wise use of the land.46. According to the passage, geologist can find the best places to build _.A. weak, soft rockB. sand and mudC. landD. dams and bridges47. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. tunnels should not go through mountainsB. people can only guess where to build dams and bridgesC. planning is needed before a tunnel is builtD. skyscrapers are one-story buildings48. A skyscraper can not be built over _.A. solid groundB. very hard rockC. sand or mudD. a mountain49. The word “wise” in paragraph3, sentence 3, most probably means _.A. foolishB. goodC. learnedD. bad50. The main idea of the passage is that _.A. tunnels can be built through any kind of soilB. geologists help us make wise use of the landC. a skyscraper is built on very hard rockD. geologists can be called in everywherePassage 3One answer to the question of land shortage（短缺）was suggested by a committee some years ago. A city was to be built at sea, housing 30,000 people.This suggestion was to shape the city like a harbour. The outer wall of the harbour would stand on steel columns resting on the seabed. Naturally this could only be where the water was fairly shallow（淺的）. The flats would all face inwards, and woul