2012六級備考資料(二)漢譯英專項訓練2012六級漢譯英經典解析（二）一、倍數增減的表示法is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考點：倍數 + 形容詞/副詞比較級 + than） reacts three times as fast as the other one （考點：倍數 + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as） is 49 times the size of the moon （考點：倍數 + 名詞） wants to raise the rent by a third （考點：動詞 + by + 數詞/百分比/倍數） plan to double their investment （考點：double + 名詞） 二、時態 or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考點：將來完成時）the children had fallen asleep （考點：過去完成時）my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考點：將來進行時） have been revising my resume all the morning （考點：現在完成進行時） No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考點：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長時間沒有做某事了） He has been in the army for 5 years （考點：1. 現在完成時；2.要用持續性動詞才能接一段時間） 三、被動語態is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考點：被動語態的現在進行時） will have been/published by the end of this year （考點：被動語態的將來完成時） can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考點：1. 被動語態與情態動詞聯用; 2. 漢語有些沒有“被”字等標志詞的句子也表示被動, 要譯成英語的被動語態） I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考點：同“3”的考點2） Effective measures must be taken immediately （考點：漢語的無主句通常翻譯成英語的被動語態） 四、情態動詞but there is no answer. She cant be at home （考點：情態動詞可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”） I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday （考點：“情態動詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對過去發生的動作的主觀判斷） You must have dreamed of something terrible （考點：同上） You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony （考點：“情態動詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評論過去應該做而實際并未做的動作，含有批評的意思） I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party （考點：“情態動詞neednt + have + done”表示對過去發生的動作進行評論，認為“無須發生”，“不必做”） 五、虛擬語氣I had had your opportunities when I was young （考點：I wish后的that從句中用過去完成式表示過去沒有實現或不可能實現的愿望）he had known this disease is curable （考點：If only 引導的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法與 I wish基本相同） painted it blue, and without any decorations （考點：would rather 后的that從句中用過去式表示不是事實） measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams （考點：Its (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過去式，表示“該是的時候了”）as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly（考點：as if / as though引導的從句中用過去式表示和現在事實相反或對現在情況有所懷疑） Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now（考點：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動詞所接的賓語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式） more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area（考點：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動詞所接的主語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式） they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem（考點：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）the mid-term exams (should) be canceled （考點：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動詞及其名詞常見的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見的這類動詞還有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining（考點：在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類形容詞常見的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等） everyone (should) be prepared for emergency （考點：同上） If he had booked tickets in the way I told him（考點：在非真實條件句中用過去完成式表示與過去的事實相反） if I had not been interrupted （考點：同上） If it had rained, the ground would be wet（考點：在非真實條件句中，當主句與從句表示的動作不是同時發生時，就根據情況用適當的謂語動詞形式） If I had been living in New York（考點：同上） he would be dead now（考點：同上） we could not have rent a house at such a low price（考點：but for經常作為非真實條件句中if的代用語） otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question（考點：otherwise也經常作為非真實條件句中if的代用語） I would seize the opportunity without hesitation （考點：在非真實條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語倒裝的形式來表示條件） this act would have been passed much earlier（考點：同上） the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy（考點：同上） lest he should awaken the baby（考點：lest (以免)引導的從句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虛擬） 六、不定式to complete a 24-story building in 10 months （考點：不定式作主語時常用it作形式主語放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語后面） for us to have a good nights sleep before the test（考點：有時用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時整句的謂語描述的對象是事情，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等） of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area（考點：有時用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時整句的謂語描述的對象是人，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等） not to punish those students who had been late for class（考點：1. 用不定式結構作decide的賓語；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）（能帶不定式作賓語的動詞常見的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish） whether to visit their son in France（考點：“疑問詞+不定式”作動詞wonder的賓語。能以這種結構作賓語的動詞通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等） warned me just now not to water flowers at noon（考點：不定式作賓語補語） invited him to give us a lecture on modern art（考點：同上）（能帶不定式結構作賓語補語的動詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：劃線的動詞后面的不定式不帶to） to be the chairman of students union in so large a university（考點：動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語，不定式是真正賓語） to apply what we have learned in class to practice（考點：不定式作定語）（不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等） ruined our plan to show the film in the open air （考點：同上） the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs （考點：同上） American woman to explore the outer space（考點：由only, last, next，序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語） only to drop it on their own feet（考點：不定式作結果狀語） to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village （考點：不定式作原因狀語） to have taken up so much of your time（考點：1. 不定式作原因狀語；2. 不定式的完成時） to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in （考點：不定式的進行式） to be treated as a guest（考點：不定式的被動形式） go to the campus bookstore to buy used books （考點：不帶to的不定式） but play bridge the whole day（考點：同上）to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room （考點：當動詞see, make, hear等用于被動語態時，不定式要保留to）七、分詞“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian（考點：分詞作賓語補語）（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等動詞常用分詞形式作賓語補語）parked in the fire lane（考點：分詞作定語）killing thousands upon thousands of people（考點：分詞作結果狀語） raising the average yield by 15 percent （考點：同上）trying to deduce its operating principle（考點：分詞作伴隨狀語） Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book（考點：分詞作原因狀語）Deeply moved by the boys deeds（考點：同上）Seen from the eyes of a young friend（考點：分詞作方式狀語）Not having heard from his parents for a long time（考點：1. 分詞作原因狀語；2.分詞的否定形式；3.現在分詞的完成式）八、動名詞Taking a cold bath every day（考點：動名詞作主語）making their daughter do what she didnt like to do （考點：動名詞作動詞的賓語）（下列動詞后的賓語只能是動名詞而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, cant help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, cant stand, stop, suggest）getting our goods into the international market（考點：動名詞作介詞的賓語）crying over spilled milk （考點：動名詞用于固定結構。動名詞經常與以下詞組連用：be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, whats the point of, whats the use of）having peeked at his neighbors test paper（考點：動名詞的完成式）being promoted to manager（考點：動名詞的被動式）九、非謂語動詞用法區別working very hard. （考點：mean表示“意味著”）to drive there, but his car broke down （考點：mean表示“打算”）（類似需要區別的動詞還有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等）talking to his mother （考點：強調正在進行）talk to his mother for an hour （考點：強調整個過程）only to break his own leg （考點：意料之外的結果）breaking his legs（考點：意料之中的結果）to see his parents in good health （考點：不定式作原因狀語位于句末）Seeing his parents safe and sound（考點：分詞作原因狀語位于句首）Following its footprints（考點：現在分詞強調主動）followed by two body guards（考點：過去分詞強調被動）十、名詞從句Why they left their hometown for Yunnan（考點：主語從句）What confused me most（考點：同上）That this was done on purpose（考點：同上）who should be responsible for this matter（考點：較長的主語從句可以后置，用it作形式主語）whom Mary is engaged to（考點：同上）what can be done today（考點：賓語從句）what I have been looking for （考點：表語從句）whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision （考點：whether/if引導后置的主語從句）Whether she likes the present（考點：whether引導前置的主語從句）whether I should ask for another loan （考點：whether引導表語從句）whether they will support us（考點：whether引導賓語從句） whether I can count on your vote （考點：whether引導同位語從句）（9-12中的whether不可以替換為if）that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages（考點：同位語從句）that the chairman would agree to this proposal （考點：同上）十一、定語從句the house where Lu Xun was born（考點：先行詞為地點，定語從句通常由where引導）on the day when his son arrived（考點：先行詞為時間，定語從句通常由when引導）the reason why I am in favor of this reform （考點：先行詞為reason，定語從句通常由why引導）a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length （考點：whose引導的定語從句）which made our journey more difficult（考點：非限制性定語從句） most of whom we