文刀川頁叢書書面表達值得注意的幾個方法 近年來，隨著高考英語書面表達的命題標準及答題要求的提高，以及題材的多樣化，不少高考英語考生對書面表達不相適應的情形愈發突出。實際閱卷發現，相當多約書面表達水準較低，考生缺乏寫作的基本常識和訓練。汁對這一現象，本文提出高考英語書面表達值得注意的幾個寫作方法L以有形或無形的三段式寫作 以有形或無形的二段式寫作是指寫任何文章，都要有開頭，正文以及結尾。有形則指文章呈明顯的三段式，而無形則指文章呈顯一大段，但細讀則可感到三段。具體并：文章開頭段則用開門見山的方法，比如講明什么時閉，誰十了或要干什么，目的是什么；文章正文段則是寫乍的關鍵部分，要用到較多的技巧和手段；結尾段可考慮漢抒發內心活動或感想為特征。請看例題： Dear Bob, 開頭： Im so glad to learn that youre coming in September. Ive found a place for you. 正文：Its a small tat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No. 11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, its only one stop. 結尾：Do you think youd like it? If not, I can try and find another place for you. Just let me know. Yours, Li Hua2用盡可能多樣的句式豐富文章的表現力 高考英語書面表達對具有較強的語言運用能力文章的評價標準是，語法結構或詞匯方面雖有些許錯誤，但應能盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞匯，此點應引起考生的極大關注。現舉實例如下： I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. 句式：be doing something when正在做某事就在這時 表達法：make a right turn朝右轉彎 The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. 表達法：drive off heading west高速向西開去 On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library. 一該句含一個由where引導的非限定性的定語從句，在此處插人，令人感到自然、得體，其中還使用了表達法used to be，準確、地道。該句的后半部由一個倒裝句組成，在對主語作進一步說明時，使用了破折號，語言既利落，結構義緊湊。 After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories. 句式：have fun (in) doing sth The time passed quickly. Before we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers. 使用before譯成：“還未來得及，就”。 My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind. 該句使用with結構，其結構為: with賓語賓語補足語。 該結構的情景描述功能十分突出。此外，behind一詞用作seat定語的用法也十分輕巧。 There is sure to be a lot of fun. 在There is句式中加入be sure to等表達是十分有用的寫作技巧，又如：There happened to be. There seems to be3補述的寫作手法 補述技巧是高考英語寫作最重要的技巧之一，值得重視。補述分并列補述和后位補述兩種。補述的特點是既可以使語言連貫，又可以收到簡練、生動的效果，有時又能適時地表現當事人內心的思想活動，常用于事實表述后的情感感受，引發的感想或對事實細節補充的場合，一般會收到好的效果。 并列補述常用并列連詞and，后位補述常用分詞短語作狀語，which引出非限定性定語從句，以及由“with賓語賓語補足語”等。 i并列補述 (1)要點1上午：學校活動 要點2下午：游覽市區 I know the school will organize a lot of things for you to do in the morning, but in the afternoon, Ill show you around and take you to some places of interest. (2)要點：大約4點離開 Around four oclock, we said goodbye to one another, and felt very happy on the way home. (3)要點：昨天我和李明參加了野外生存訓練。 Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school. ii后位補述分詞短語作狀語用分詞短語作狀語，文字較為精練要點：晚上：看電視，玩游戲，聊天 Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. iii后位補述非限定性定語從句(1) The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.(2) It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill never forget for the rest of my life. (3) At 8 oclock in the morning, we arrived at the 712 bus station, where we were warmly welcomed by the drivers and conductors. (4) Staff members of the bus station and our classmates then took part in a general knowledge quiz on the Olympic Games in the afternoon, which was great fun for both sides. iv后位補述一with復合結構 要點：住房面積為25平方米，月租500元。（注：圖例含臥室一間，浴室一間，以及廚房一個。） Its a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.4注意使用連詞and i恰如其分地使用連詞and容易收到流暢的效果連詞and可以交代連接的雙方的相互關系，如并列關系、先后關系、因果關系等。并列連詞代替從屬連詞的特點是讓讀者自己去補充所連接的兩部分間的邏輯聯系，根據兩部分的思想內容去推論，從而達到思想表達生動、有力和鮮明的修辭效果。 (1)要點：你的美國朋友Peter正在北京一所大學學中文，你覺得他應去試一試。 I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well youve learned Chinese. (2)（要點）理由：去機場接人 My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. 類例：It is true he is young, butand yet he is really good at go（圍棋）It is truebut.It is true . and yet =Indeed二but =Indeed. and yet（的確，然而） ii. and表因果關系 (1) The teacher came, and class began. (2) Tom is very tired, and really he should go to bed. 并列句的修辭作用在于它把兩個或幾個平行或對立的相關的思想聯系在一起，成一比較完整的思想，因而它比兩個或幾個孤立的簡單句的思想內容要豐富得多，邏輯關系要清楚得多。5英語逗號出現的場合、時機與提升英語作文品質 英語逗號功能較多，用法靈活。凡逗號出現的場合和時機多體現出英語的使用習慣或固定的表達方式，值得重視。逗號的主要用法如下，并按在書面表達中的重要性排序： (1)插人語前須用逗號隔開 要點：周末活動（減負后）就寢時間：10:30 Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things. (2）插人句中的however（但是）,therefore（因此），indeed（的確），namely（即）等副詞，或in fact（其實）,in general（一般來說），in short（約言之），no doubt（無疑）等副詞短語的前后要用逗號隔開。 要點：一站地的路途 In fact, it is only one stop. 要點：電子賀卡傳遞速度快。 Besides, its faster to send an electronic card. 要點：減負給學習和生活帶來變化 In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. (3）分詞短語做狀語要用逗號隔開 我預習好了明天的功課，便上床睡覺。 Having prepared tomorrows lessons, I went to bed. (4）用作追述的定語從句要用逗號隔開 學生花了93分鐘，占到了大部分時間，在做作業上。表格中在接下來的一行則是看電視，占到了46分鐘。 The students put the most time-93 minutes-into their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. (5)副詞短語放在句首，大多用逗號隔開 通過這種方式，他們會更健康，精力更充沛。 This way, they may be healthier and more energetic. (6)并列句和逗號 并列句中各句的主語不同，即各句獨立的話，要用逗號。 I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape? 主語若相同，用and連結時，不用逗號；用but連結時，要用逗號。 He went and came back at once他去了又馬上回來。 He went, but came back at once他去了，但很快又回來了。 (7)句首的副詞從句用逗號隔開。 If you would like to try, youll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. 提示：漢語中的逗號與在英語中的作用并非一致，英語中句與句之間的聯系絕不依靠逗號，而是借助連接詞。缺少連接詞，句與句之間也就不存在其合理性。 老師問了我一個問題，我不會回答。 Wrong: The teacher asked me a question, I couldnt answer it. Right: The teacher asked me a question, and/but I couldnt answer it. 我沒出去，而是呆在家里看書。 I didnt go out; instead, I stayed home and read. 我們撿柴火，他們搭帳篷。 We gathered the wood and they set up the tent.6書面表達寫作過程提示 閱讀下面摘自China