上海高考英語十選九,-would,從2008年起，詞匯的考查放在了語篇中，著重強調語法和詞匯知識在特定情景中的應用。試卷10道詞匯題以10選9的方式分別考察了名詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞還包括現在分詞和過去分詞的形式。把詞匯的考查放在了語言環境中，不是單純的考查詞匯，文章題干均清晰明了，并提供了足夠的上下文支撐供考生答題。同時，詞匯題的難度分布也較為合理，確保了各個層次的考生都能得分。因此，情景理解和語言運用的味道比較濃厚，注重考查理解能力和邏輯推理能力的試題較多。,題型特征,1、選詞填空的特點 1) 文章不會太長(300詞左右)；一般來說第一句是文章主題句并且不設空；一般每隔1530個詞會有一個空；空與空之間有完整意群。文章中會挖出九個空，但是給出了十個單詞，讓學生選擇填空使文章完整，這就是新題型輪廓。 2) 方框中詞匯難度不高，文章難度要略低于閱讀理解難度。實際上是將詞匯的使用和完形閱讀緊密結合的一道題目。,2、選詞填空的考點 1) 詞匯方面以實詞為主也就是指名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞。 2) 語法方面考察詞性之間關系和句子結構分析能力。 3) 邏輯方面考察上下文聯系,解題步驟 第一步：詳讀選項，詞分類 選項中的10個詞是考查的關鍵，考生應該詳細的理解這10個單詞。熟悉的單詞標明詞性和詞義，不熟悉的單詞或者不認識的單詞只需標明詞性，然后根據名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四大類按規律排列在試卷上。這樣做考生就可以不再是10選1了，只要根據上下文的邏輯關系或者語法結構，有時候可以是3選1甚至2選1，縮小了選擇的范圍，降低了試題的難度。,注意： 1. 動詞分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞包括：動詞不定式、動名詞、現在分詞和過去分詞。過去分詞有兩種可能性(形容詞和動詞的過去分詞), 無法確定時標問號。 2. 不認識的詞要看后綴。構詞法中, 前綴區分意思, 后綴區分詞性。所以看詞尾往往能大致分出詞性。詞性無法確定的, 暫時擱置。 3. 做出相應的標記。在英文中有的單詞不只有一個詞性，比如大家常見的visit、access、approach、challenge、 change等就即有名詞詞性又有動詞詞性。 這時兩個都要標出來。,4以-ing或-ed 結尾的詞既可能是動詞，也可能是由現在分詞或過去分詞轉變而成的形容詞。,第二步：略讀全文，定中心 第三步：瞻前顧后，靈活選 第四步：復核檢查，定結果,解題技巧 （一）判斷詞性的技巧 前面提到的“瞻前顧后”就是需要考生根據空格的前后來決定所填詞的詞性以及應填的正確選項，我們可以根據一些簡單的語法知識確定答案。應該說語法知識是解詞匯理解題的基礎。 1. 確定空格為名詞 (1) a /an/the n. , adj. n. , vt. n. , 即空格處前面為冠詞、形容詞或者及物動詞的，空格處應填入名詞； (2) n. v., 即空格處后面是動詞的，空格處應填入該動詞的主語(名詞)；,(3) prep. n., 即空格處前面是介詞的，空格處充當介詞賓語，用填入一個名詞或動名詞。,2. 確定空格為動詞 (1) n./pron. vt. n./pron., 即空格前面已有名詞/代詞作主語，后面又有名詞/代詞作為動詞的賓語，空格處應為及物動詞； (2) n./pron. vi. , 即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，后面沒有賓語，空格處應填不及物動詞； (3) n./pron. vi. adv./prep., 即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，空格處后面是副詞/介詞，空格處應填入不及物動詞，與副詞/介詞構成固定搭配；,(4) n./pron. link v./be. adj., 即空格處前面是名詞/代詞，后面是形容詞，空格處應填入系動詞或be動詞； (5) to v. , 即空格處前有不定式標志to，空格處應填入動詞原形；另一種情況to是介詞，后面應填入動名詞。 3. 確定空格為形容詞 (1) adj. n. 或n. adj. , 即空格處前面或者后面為名詞的，空格處應填入形容詞； (2)adv. adj. , 即空格處前面是副詞的，空格處應填入形容詞； (3) link/be v. adj.,即空格處前面是系動詞或be動詞的，空格處應填入形容詞作表語。,4. 確定空格為副詞 (1) adv. v. 或v. adv. , 即空格處前面或者后面為動詞的，空格處應填入副詞； (2) adv. adj., 即空格處后面是形容詞的，空格處應填入副詞。,（二）利用邏輯關系詞確定答案,在篇章詞匯理解題目中，文章的邏輯關系對于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的邏輯關系通過一些邏輯關系詞體現的，考生可以通過邏輯關系詞來確定出一些答案。 常見的邏輯關系詞如下： (1) 并列關系：and , or, as well as 等 (2) 對比關系：but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等 (3) 比較關系：asas , like , similar 等,(4) 因果關系：because , for , since , as a result of , therefore , thus 等 (5) 舉例關系：for example , for instance , such as ， and so on 等 (6) 遞進關系：and , whats more , moreover , in addition 等,2009年上海市高考真題 A. contents B. taking C. carefully D. plastic E. packaging F. declined G. freely H. typical I. contracts J. registered If the package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac,26, has sold almost 900 41 presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of Big Apple at between 50 and 100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs（紀念品）. The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr Gignac was at a summer workshop, “We had a discussion about the importance of 42 ,”he recalls.” Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want.” He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical 43 include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used 44 forks. “Special editions” are offered at a high price. He charged 100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees stadium. Mr Gignac denies 45 his customers for fools: “They know what theyre getting. They appreciate the fact that theyre taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it.” Some 46 customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr Gignac has 47 a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He 48 to discuss his profit margins: “Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them together-but yes, garbage is free.” Mr Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed 49 with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin an