1、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的講解！1. 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式1）來自古英語的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geeselouse-licemouse-micewoman-womenman-menox-oxenpenny-penceappendix-appendicesanalysis-analysesoasis-oasesbasis-basesellipsis-ellipsescrisis-crisesmedium-mediaaxis-axesbacterium-bacteriadatum-data當(dāng)代美國英語中往往把data當(dāng)做單數(shù)用，因此常見到復(fù)數(shù)形

2、式datas。另外，lens是一個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為lenses。1）詞尾讀音為f并以f或0fe結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有以下幾種情況： a）規(guī)則形式：belief-beliefs chief-chiefs cliff-cliffs grief-griefsb）不規(guī)則形式，即把f或fe變成v，再加es,讀音為vz:calf-calves half-halves leaf-leaves life-livesloaf-loaves self-shelves thief-thieves wife-wiveswolf-wolvesc）既可是規(guī)則形式又可是不規(guī)則形式：dwarf-dwarfs/dwar

3、ves hoof-hoofs/hovesscarf-scarfs/scarves wharf-wharfs/wharves3）詞干以o結(jié)尾的名次有三種情況：a）附屬形式為s：這類詞包括縮略詞kilos, photos；表示國籍或民族的詞Filipinos, Eskimos以及radios, solos, sopranos,studiosb）復(fù)數(shù)形式為es，如：heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes。c）復(fù)數(shù)有規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的兩種形式，如：cargo-cargos/cargoes mosquito-mosquitos/mosquitoes volcano-vola

4、cbos/volcanoes2. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 1）某些動物名詞，如：deer, grouse, salmon, trout, carp, bison, sheep等2）以ese或ss結(jié)尾的表示民族或國籍的名詞，如：Chinses, Japanese, Portuguese, Swiss, Vietnamese等3）某些以s結(jié)尾的名詞，如：barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters,means,series,species,works等4）某些表示計量單位的名詞，如：horsepower, hertz, kilohertz, li, mu等

5、5)其他一些名詞，如：aircraft, spacercarft, craft, offspring等。其中請?zhí)貏e注意s結(jié)尾的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，它們是考試的重點！3.不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞前一般不需要加定冠詞，永遠(yuǎn)不能加不定冠詞！例如下列用法均屬錯誤：the mathematics the banking a cloth an equipment不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：Water is important.但如果不可數(shù)名詞前面被piece,drop,set等詞修飾時，謂語應(yīng)該與piece,drop,set等的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。例如：Few drops of water are

6、needed to save the flower.下面是典型的不可數(shù)名詞，是應(yīng)該熟記的！air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice, tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity, energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,garbage,grass

7、,hair,furniture, luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk, paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness, kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wisdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth, Ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,

8、laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,intelligence, fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work, homework,population,percent,mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,genetics,geology

9、,geography, chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,obsterics請?zhí)貏e注意其中以s結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞，大家平時應(yīng)該積累遇到的不可數(shù)名詞！注意下列可數(shù)名詞！poet poem essay newspaper machine weapon scene photograph photographer 英語中有許多名詞既可作可數(shù)，又可作不可數(shù)。如:hair作“人或動物的毛”的時候是可數(shù)名詞，作頭發(fā)解釋時是不可數(shù)名詞。判斷一個詞是否可數(shù)，除了記

10、憶以外，color=Red 主要看題中該名詞的修飾詞來決定。如：much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞4.單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞義不同的名詞英語中有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞義不同于單數(shù)形式，如：air(空氣)-airs(氣派,架勢) arm(手臂)-arms(武器) ash(灰)-ashes(骨灰；廢墟) authority(權(quán)利)-authorities(當(dāng)局) cloth(織物)-clothes(衣服) content(含量)-contents(目錄) custom(習(xí)慣)-customs(海關(guān)；關(guān)稅) damage(損害)-damages(賠償金) force(力量)-forces(武裝部隊) glas

11、s(玻璃)-glasses(眼鏡) good(利益)-goods(貨物) green(綠色)-greens(青菜)letter(字母)-letters(文學(xué)) manner(方式)-manners(舉止，儀態(tài)) minute(分鐘)-minutes(記錄) pain(痛苦)-pains(勞苦) paper(紙)-papers(文件) quarter(1/4)-quarters(宿舍，住處，崗位)spectacle(光景)-spectacles(眼鏡) spirit(精神)- spirits(烈性酒) time(時間)-times(時代) water(水)-waters(水域) wood(木頭)

12、-woods(森林) work(工作)-works(工廠)總結(jié)1.單數(shù)名詞不能單獨存在，一般前面應(yīng)該有限定詞修飾。2.不定冠詞a/an永遠(yuǎn)只能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。3.every和each永遠(yuǎn)只能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。 但every+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞是正確的，如：every ten years4.序數(shù)詞后面一般使用單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。5.anther永遠(yuǎn)只修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 但another+數(shù)詞/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞是正確的，如：another eight years; another few books6.other通常修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 但the other+is/was 單數(shù)名詞或any o

13、ther+單數(shù)名詞是正確的，如 We have two girls in this team. One is Mary, the other is Alice. Henry Smith is taller than any other student in his class.7.下列詞和短語只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞these,those,many,various,several,numerous,diverse,few,a few,both,a (good/large/great) number of,numbers of,one of8.大于1的詞數(shù)只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞！牢記的結(jié)構(gòu)：one/two/m

14、any+of+限定詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞！ /color 9.只能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的詞：one, anther, a/an, this, that, each, every, either, such a, many a！注意！many student以及many a student /b10.只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的詞：1的數(shù)字（two,six.),hundred, thousand, million, both, several, many, few, a few, these, those, a (good/large/great) number of, numbers of, the number of, numbers of, numerous, various, diverse, a series of, a wide range of, a collection of11.只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞：much, little, a litter, a great dea