PAGE第二章答案1.(1)363.6J，(2)87.0cal2.(1)9atm·dm3，(2)?9atm·dm3，

(3)9atm·dm33.(1)146.23kJ，(2)?511.98kJ4.2.94×104kJ5.37.67kJ6.2.5kJ7.?41.16kJ8.?772J9.ΔH=125.4J，ΔU=?481J10.W=Q=5.61kJ，ΔU=ΔH=011.W=Q=811J，ΔU=ΔH=012.ΔHm=?57.9kJ·mol?1，ΔUm=?56.3kJ·mol?113.ΔHm=?322.7kJ·mol?1ΔUm=?325.2kJ·mol?114.ΔH=?92.2kJ·mol?1ΔU=?87.2kJ·mol?115.(1)ΔH=41.8kJ(2)ΔH=83.7kJ

(3)ΔH=?20.92kJ16.ΔHmΔSmΔGm(kJ·mol?1)(J·mol?1·K?1)(1)290.2244.1217.4(2)164.3116.2129.7(3)?77.4971.81?98.93反應(yīng)(1)的轉(zhuǎn)化溫度為1189K，反應(yīng)

(2)的轉(zhuǎn)化溫度為1414K，反應(yīng)(3)ΔG<0，但若O2過量，則發(fā)生C4H6+11/2O2＝4CO2+3H2O(g)，此反應(yīng)T<2.35×107

K時(shí)均有ΔGm<0，反應(yīng)自發(fā)進(jìn)行，難以控制。∴反應(yīng)(1)適合。17.(1)?137.07kJ·mol?1，(2)?630.59kJ·mol?1(3)44.18kJ·mol?118.1.88kJ·mol?119.?454.8kJ·mol?120.?127kJ·mol?121.?811.3kJ·mol?122.(1)?847.6kJ·mol?1,(2)?1423kJ·mol?1(3)?402.0kJ·mol?1,(4)?86.61kJ·mol?1(5)?137.0kJ·mol?123.?16.72kJ·mol?124.131.3kJ·mol?125.8.03kJ·mol?1,62.05kJ·mol?126.ΔH=?1266kJ·mol?1<0，放熱反應(yīng)27.Δf=?75.3kJ·mol?128.(1)ΔcHm=?1781.35kJ·mol?1(2)61.43kJ·mol?129.(1)增加；(2)減少；(3)增加；(4)減少；(5)增加；(6)增加30.?30.49J·mol?1·K?131.前者大。前者可逆變化所需熱量大于后者可逆變化所需熱量。前者大。前者是自發(fā)過程ΔS總>0，后者是可逆過程ΔS總=0。后者大。升高到同溫度時(shí)，不可逆過程的熵變比可逆過程大，現(xiàn)在不可逆地升高到80℃，所以后者的熵變更大。32.?44.4J·mol?1·K?133.84.37J·mol?1·K?134.(1)?1.72×104J·K?1(2)2.02×104J·K?1(3)3.0×103J·K?135.(1)1.22J·K?1(2)6.04J·K?136.(1)2.09J·K?1(2)?2.09J·K?1(3)037.不對(duì)，對(duì)于孤立體系，自發(fā)過程是熵增加的過程。不對(duì)，在等溫、等壓，作膨脹功時(shí)，自發(fā)過程是自由能減少的過程。不對(duì)，ΔH不是判斷反應(yīng)自發(fā)與否的判據(jù)。38.此反應(yīng)向右進(jìn)行。39.(1)反應(yīng)向右進(jìn)行，(2)反應(yīng)向左進(jìn)行。40.(1)Δn(g)=1，∴ΔS>0。

(2)ΔG>0，此反應(yīng)不能自發(fā)。

(3)T>986K時(shí)，此反應(yīng)能自發(fā)。41.?355.0kJ·mol?142.?118.5kJ·mol?143.?817.6kJ·mol?144.?26.7kJ·mol?145.ΔG=?54.8kJ·mol?1，ΔH=?51.59kJ·mol?1，ΔS=10.52J·mol?1·K?1。46.?2880kJ·mol?147.ΔG=99.56kJ·mol?1，ΔH=149.64kJ·mol?1，ΔS=168.1J·mol?1·K?1。48.?95.2kJ·mol?149.T(1)>907.8K，T(2)>697K∴(2)在較低溫度下進(jìn)行。50.897.8K51.1896K52.Ag2O：468KCuO：1679K53.第一個(gè)反應(yīng)：ΔH＝2172kJ·mol?1ΔS＝635.1J·mol?1·K?1ΔG,298＝1981kJ·mol?1T≥3419K，很難達(dá)到。第二個(gè)反應(yīng)：ΔH＝827.03kJ·mol?1ΔS＝53.86J·mol?1·K?1ΔG,298＝810.37kJ·mol?1T≥15355K，無法達(dá)到。54.55.56.1.69×10657.58.40%59.70%60.33.3%61.57.3%62.37.8%63.18.5%64.NO2:5.14×10?3mol·cm?3N2O4:1.00×10?3mol·cm?365.5.39atm66.87.8%67.(1)nX=1.8mol，nY=2.4mol(2)Kc=0.0772Kp=2.52×10?368.5.79×10?369.，70.0.024371.0.34mol72.(1)1.64×10?4，(2)13.3atm，(3)15%73.正反應(yīng)放熱的，∵低溫時(shí)Kc值大，意味著逆反應(yīng)是吸熱的，∴正反應(yīng)是放熱的。74.Kc=1.1475.0.03976.24.89atm77.(1)80％，(2)Kc=147.7，Kp=678.(1)Kp=4.00×10?479.49.680.x=0.08時(shí)，α＝0.45x=0.20時(shí)，α＝0.42x=0.40時(shí)，α＝0.35681.1.8282.308dm383.0.22484.0.75atm85.(1)77.8g·mol?1(2)18.3%(4)0.13886.87.3.4888.3.46×10?3mol·dm?389.(1)0.9490.離解度增加。(2)離解度不變。(3)離解度增加。(4)離解度降低。(5)離解度降低。91.(1)會(huì)，凈分解，∵Qp＝20<Kp(2)凈分解，∵分解反應(yīng)吸熱，溫度升高，平衡左移。(3)無影響92.Kp=7.919×10893.(2)57.2atm，(3)?40.4kJ·mol?194.ΔGkJ·mol?1K(1)?229.31.563×1040(2)?29.251.346×105(3)?207.82.656×1036(4)?346.836.264×106095.(1)?11.097kJ·mol?1，(2)ΔG721=?23.45kJ·mol?1ΔG623=?21.77kJ·mol?196.10.1097.17.149kJ·mol?198.(1)圖略，(2)58.99kJ·mol?1(3)?(4):T

(℃)ΔGkJ·mol?1ΔS(J·mol?