Unit5WorkingtheLandLearningAboutLanguage

1Studentscanidentifyandunderstandthedifferenttypesofsubjectclauses,includingthoseintroducedbythat,whether,wh-words,etc.,andgrasptheirfunctionsandusagesinsentences.2StudentsareabletoconstructcorrectsubjectclausestoexpressvariousideasandusethemaccuratelyinoralandwrittenEnglish,suchasinsentencetranslationandwritingtasks.LearningObjectivesTeachingFocusMastertheusageofdifferentconjunctions(likethat,whether,what,who,etc.)insubjectclauses,andlearnhowtousesubjectclausestomakesentencesmorecomplexandaccurateinmeaning.TeachingChallengesDistinguishbetweensubjectclausesandothertypesofclauses,andcorrectlyapplysubjectclausesincomplexsentencestructures,especiallywhenusingitasaformalsubjecttoavoid"front-heavy"sentencepatterns.TeachingFocusandTeachingChallengesPart1BuildupyourvocabularyReplacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformsofthewordsfromthetext.1Todealwiththiscrisis,hechosetostudyagriculture.2Heisaverygoodactorandhecommitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.3YuanLongpingstronglybelievedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.4YuanLongping,throughintenseeffort,solvedenormousdifficultiesanddevelopedthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarming.5Thishybridenabledfarmerstoincreasetheiroutputgreatly.6Studentsareencouragedtotryavarietyoffree-timeactivitiestoreducetheintensestressfromstudying._______________________________________________________________tackledevoteswas(strongly)convincedovercameexpandleisureCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthewordsfromthetext.Thenusethesewordstomakeyourownsentences.1Thec___________ofapersonarethespecialqualitiesthatmakehimorherdifferentfromothers.2Scientistsfromdifferentcountrieshavebeenpursuingvariouspossibilitiestoovercomefoods_______.3Manyofusa______thatearthquakeswouldneverhappeninourarea.4Withmoreandmorefarmmachinesbeingusedinthefields,thec_________offuelhasbeenincreasing.haracteristicsonsumptionssumehortageCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthewordsfromthetext.Thenusethesewordstomakeyourownsentences.5Newspapersshouldpaylessattentiontomediac_________andmoreattentiontoournationalheroes.6Ourgeneralmanagertriedhisbesttohelpovercomethedifficultieswewerefacingduringthefinancialc____.7Mymotherisveryc__________andfindsithardtoacceptthemodernlifestylethatIenjoy.8Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoboosttheprogrammetog_________morenewjobs.elebritiesenerateonventionalrisisCompletethenewsreportbelowwiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesinthebox.tackle vision conventional deepdownbecomprisedof reality consumptionAvastundergroundshelterbuiltduringWorldWarⅡhasbeenturnedintoanurbanfarm,supplyingsupermarketsandrestaurantsinLondon.Theshelter,whichcouldprotectupto8,000peoplefromwartimebombs,______________twolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybecomeanextensionoftheLondonUnderground.Butthatneverbecame________andtheshelterwasleftfor70years.Thenbusinessmendecidedtomakeuseofittogrowgreenvegetablestomeetincreasing___________demands.iscomprisedofrealconsumptionCompletethenewsreportbelowwiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesinthebox.tackle vision conventional deepdownbecomprisedof reality consumptionThetunnelsarelitwithpinkLEDsasthereisnonaturallight

___________belowtheground.Thevegetablesaregrowninspecialliquidsinsteadoftheearththatisusedasin

____________farming.Manyexpertssharea________thatthiskindofurbanfarmingcouldhelpnotonlyin

________theproblemofpopulationgrowth,butalsoinadaptingtoclimatechange.conventionaldeepdownvisiontacklingPart2DiscoverusefulstructuresEnjoythesong！__________________makesyoustronger.Standalittletallerdoesn'tmeanI'mlonelywhenI'mlonely.__________________makesafire.Putthatthingonlighterdoesn'tmeanI'movercauseyou'regone.__________________makesyoustrongerstronger.Lead-inWhatdoesn'tkillyouWhatdoesn'tkillyouWhatdoesn'tkillyouLookatthecomplexsentencesbelowandstatethefunctionsofthenounclausesitalicised.1.WhatYuanLongpingreallycaredaboutwasnotmoneyorcelebrity.2.ThatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofseawaterricesurprisedthewholeworld.3.ItsurprisedthewholeworldthatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofdevelopingseawaterrice.主語從句主語從句形式主語主語從句→真正的主語Matchthesentenceparts,andthentranslatethecompletedsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontohowthesubjectsareintroduceddifferently.1.______remainsanunansweredquestion.2.

______isanimportanttopicforustoresearch.3.

______

isthatthesechemicalsmayevencausecancer.4.______

thesevegetablescanevenbeplantedwithoutanysoilthroughthisnewtechnology.5.

______isthereasonwhysomepeopleprefertoliveinthecountryratherthaninthecity.A.

WhatworriesmanypeopleB.ThatthelifestyleisslowerandhealthierC.HowwecanfindasuitablesolutiontoproducesufficientfoodwhilekeepingtheenvironmentsafeD.

Whenthesewheatfarmerswill

jointhispilotexperimentE.

ItamazedallofusthatMatchthesentenceparts,andthentranslatethecompletedsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontohowthesubjectsareintroduceddifferently.1.______remainsanunansweredquestion.2.______isanimportanttopicforustoresearch.D

C

D.Whenthesewheatfarmerswill

jointhispilotexperiment這些小麥農戶什么時候會加入預試驗仍然不得而知。C.Howwecanfindasuitablesolutiontoproducesufficientfoodwhilekeepingtheenvironmentsafe如何能夠找到一個合適的解決辦法，在保證環境安全的同時，生產足夠的糧食，是一個需要我們研究的重要課題。3.

______isthatthesechemicalsmayevencausecancer.A

A.Whatworriesmanypeople

令很多人擔心的是，這些化學制品甚至可能導致癌癥。Matchthesentenceparts,andthentranslatethecompletedsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontohowthesubjectsareintroduceddifferently.5.______isthereasonwhysomepeopleprefertoliveinthecountryratherthaninthecity.E

B

E.Itamazedallofusthat令我們所有人驚訝的是，通過這種新技術，可以無土栽培這些蔬菜。B.Thatthelifestyleisslowerandhealthier4.

______thesevegetablescanevenbeplanted

withoutanysoilthroughthisnewtechnology.有些人更喜歡住在鄉下而非城市的原因是前者生活節奏更慢、生活方式更健康。引導主語從句的連詞在主語從句充當的成分連詞that不作成分，無含義連詞whether不作成分，有含義連接代詞who、what、which作主語、賓語、表語連接副詞when、where、how、why等作狀語主語從句就是在復合句中作主語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前置于句首，也可用形式主語it代替，而將主語從句放至句末。that引導主語從句時，既沒有實際的詞義，也不充當從句中的任何成分，僅僅起連接作用，且通常不可省略。(it作形式主語，that引導的從句作真正主語時，that可省略)。Thattheearthmovesaroundthesunisawell-knownfact.=Itisawell-knownfact(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽轉是一個眾所周知的事實。Thathepassedthecollegeentranceexaminationsurprisedeveryone.=Itsurprisedeveryonethathepassedthecollegeentranceexamination.他通過了高考，這讓所有人都感到驚訝。連接詞thatwhether在主語從句中僅作連接詞，不充當成分且不可省略。whether引導的主語從句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。if引導主語從句時，僅限于it作形式主語句型（即if引導主語從句不能位于句首）。Whetherhewillacceptthejobofferremainsunknown.他是否會接受這份工作邀請還不得而知。It’snotclearifshewillcometothepartytonight.她今晚是否會來參加聚會還不清楚。連接詞whether，if連接代詞引導的主語從句連接代詞語法功能例句who作主語Whowillbeournewteacherisnotclearyet.誰將成為我們的新老師還不清楚。whom作賓語Whomyoumetatthepartyismyfriend.你在派對上遇到的那個人是我的朋友。whose作定語，表示“誰的”Whosebookisonthedeskisunknown.桌子上是誰的書還不知道。what作主語、賓語等，表示“什么”或“……的東西/事情”Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryone.他在會議上說的話讓每個人都很驚訝。which作主語、賓語等，表示“哪一個/些”Whichteamwillwinthegameishardtopredict.哪支隊伍會贏得比賽很難預測。引導詞的區別“that”與“what”的區別“that”僅起到連接主句與從句的作用，本身沒有實際意義，且在從句中不充當任何成分?！皐hat”不僅起到連接作用，還具有明確的語義，意為“什么”或“……的東西/事情”，且在從句中可充當主語、賓語或表語等關鍵成分。Thathepassedtheexammadehisparentshappy.他通過了考試，這讓他的父母很高興。Whathedidmadehisparentshappy.他所做的事情讓他的父母很開心。what/who與whatever/whoever的區別who、what引導的主語從句通常帶有疑問意義。who意為“誰”，用于詢問身份；what意為“什么”或“……的事物”，用于詢問內容；當what不表疑問時，可與“thething(s)that”或“allthat”替換。whoever、whatever引導的主語從句不具疑問性，而是強調“無論誰”“無論什么”，相當于“名詞/代詞+定語從句”。whoever等同于“anyonewho”；whatever等同于“anythingthat”。引導詞的區別Whobrokethewindowremainsamystery.誰打破了窗戶仍是個謎。Whatdidhebuyatthestorehasn'tbeentoldtous.他在商店買了什么還沒告訴我們。Whathewantsmostisapeacefullife.=Thethingthathewantsmostisapeacefullife. 他最想要的是平靜的生活。Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished. 無論誰違法都將受到懲罰。Whateveryouchoosewillbefinewithme.=Anythingthatyouchoosewillbefinewithme. 無論你選什么我都沒問題。引導詞的區別連接副詞引導的主語從句由連接副詞when（何時）、where（何地）、why（為何）、how（如何）引導的主語從句，這些連接詞不僅具備明確語義，還在從句中充當時間、地點、原因、方式等狀語成分，用于說明主句動作發生的背景或條件。Whenthenewmuseumwillopentothepublichasnotbeenannouncedyet.新博物館何時向公眾開放尚未公布。Wherewewillholdtheschoolsportsmeetingdependsontheweather.我們將在哪里舉辦校運動會取決于天氣。Whyhesuddenlychangedhisplanremainsapuzzletousall.他為什么突然改變計劃，對我們所有人來說仍是個謎。Howtheymanagedtocompletetheprojectinsuchashorttimeisamazing.他們如何在這么短的時間內完成這個項目令人驚嘆。It作形式主語為保持句子平衡，常把主語從句后置，而用形式主語it代替，it作形式主語時常用于以下句型：1.It+系動詞+形容詞+主語從句常用于此句型的形容詞有funny,natural,true,strange,important,obvious,certain，wonderful,possible,likely,probable等2.It+系動詞+名詞+主語從句常用于此句型的名詞有fact,surprise,honour,pity,commonknowledge/sense等3.It+系動詞+過去分詞+主語從句常用于此句型的過去分詞有known,proved,said,decided,suggested,thought等4.It+不及物動詞+主語從句常用于此句型的動詞有appear,happen,seem,occur,matter等1.在“It+系動詞+形容詞+主語從句”結構中，若形容詞為necessary、important、strange、natural等，從句謂語常用“(should)+動詞原形”。這種虛擬語氣用于強調事件的必要性、重要性或特殊性Itisnecessarythatweshouldsavewater.我們應該節約用水，這很有必要。2.在“It+系動詞+過去分詞+主語從句”句型里，當過去分詞為suggest、advise、request、require等表示建議、要求的詞時，從句謂語要用“(should)+動詞原形”。該虛擬語氣用于傳達指令或建議Itwasadvisedthatsheshouldrestforafewdays.有人建議她應該休息幾天。It作形式主語注意1.主語從句的語序主語從句必須使用陳述語序，即“引導詞+主語+謂語+其他成分”。Thathealwaysarrivesearlyforclasssurpriseshisclassmates.他總是早早到班，這讓同學們很驚訝。Whatheisdoingisinteresting.他正在做的事情很有趣。Whowillhosttheschooltalentshowhasnotbeendecidedyet.誰將主持學校才藝表演還沒決定。Whetherhecanpassthedrivingtestisuncertain.他能否通過駕照考試還不確定。Whereweshouldholdtheoutdooractivitydependsontheweather.我們該在哪里舉辦戶外活動取決于天氣。注意2.時態和謂語動詞的單復數1)一般情況下，主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。但當what引導的主語從句作主語且表語是名詞時，主句謂語的單復數要根據后面的表語的單復數而定。Thathestudieshardisknowntousall.他學習努力，這我們都知道。Whatweneedaremorebooks.我們需要的是更多的書。注意3.當多個主語從句由and連接時，視為復數主語，謂語動詞用復數形式。Whathesaidatthemeetingandhowhebehavedafterwardshavecausedalotofdiscussion.他在會議上的發言以及后來的行為方式引發了諸多討論。4.當一個主語從句由多個連接