UNIT9HUMANBIOLOGYLESSON3EPIDEMICEXPLAINED1.aninfectiousdisease2.alargenumberof3.withinashortperiodoftime4.twoweeksorless5.aslongas6.comeintocontactwith7.beclassifiedas8.acertainnumberof9.thenumberof一種傳染病

3.在短時間內

4.兩周或更短時間7.將......分類

掃清閱讀障礙2.大量的5.只要......就

6.和......接觸

8.一定數量的9........的數量10.asopposedto11.millionsof12.killerepidemics13.creativeamorepositivefuture14.gointodetail15.studytissuesample16.asaresultof17.onrecord18.getthrough10.相對于......12.致命的傳染病

13.創造一個更美好的未來16.由于

掃清閱讀障礙11.成百上千萬

14.詳細敘述

15.研究組織樣本

17.有記載/記錄的18.度過/熬過困難時期19.poseathreat20.beconfusedby21.infectionrates22.inthecourseof23.resultin24.contributeto25.leadto26.cause27.getover19.構成威脅

21.感染率

22.在......的過程中25.導致

掃清閱讀障礙20.被......搞糊涂

23.導致

24.導致

26.導致27.從......中康復過來28.getat29.comeupwith30.assoonaspossible31.acrosstheglobe32.pressreport33.drawparallelsbetween...and...28.查明/發現

30.盡快

31.在全球范圍內掃清閱讀障礙29.提出/想出

32.媒體報道

33.將…...和…...相提并論

aninfectiousdiseasewithinashortperiodoftimetwoweeksorless

beclassifiedasasopposedto

creativeamorepositivefuturegointodetailasaresultofgetthrough詳細敘述將......分類一種傳染病由于相對于......度過/熬過困難時期兩周或更短時間創造一個更美好的未來在短時間內速記小測BeforeReadingPredictionWhatisthegenre（體裁）ofthetext？A.NarrationB.ExpositionC.ArgumentationD.Paracticalwriting√9Part1(Para.1)A.Examplesofepidemicsinhistory.Part2(Para.2)B.Thedefinitionofanepidemic.Part3(Para.3-8)C.Waystodealwithepidemic.Part4(Para.9)D.Thecriteria(標準)ofidentifyinganepidemic.Readthetextquicklyandmatchmainideawitheachpart1.Whatisanepidemic?Para12.Howcanadiseasebeclassifiedasanepidemic?Para23.Iscommoncoldepidemic？Para2Circlealltheepidemicsmentionedinthepassage.（6個）birdflu1918SpanishFluTheBlackDeathSARSEbolaVirusDisease(EVD)Para4-8EpidemicsintheRomanEmpire4.Whatshoulddifferentcountriesdotopreventoutbreaksofepidemicsinthefuture?Why?Para9課文詳解①Anepidemicisthename(giventoaninfectiousdisease)that

rapidlyspreadstoalargenumberofpeoplewithinashortperiodoftime—usuallytwoweeksorless.在短時間內大量的that引導定語從句過去分詞短語作后置定語1．Anepidemicisthenamegiventoaninfectiousdiseasethatrapidlyspreadstoalargenumberofpeoplewithinashortperiodoftime—usuallytwoweeksorless.[句式分析]此句是____句。giventoaninfectiousdisease是過去分詞短語作____，修飾thename，并與之構成____關系；that引導____從句，修飾_______________，其中that在從句中作____。[自主翻譯]復合定語被動定語infectiousdisease主語流行病是指在短時間內(通常兩周或更短)迅速在大量人群中傳播的傳染性疾病。EpidemicshavebeenhappeningforaslongastherehavebeenpeoplelivingonEarth.Theycanbecausedbyseveraldifferentfactors,只要在地球上由...造成suchasavirus

(beingcarriedintoanarea),orchangesintheway

(peoplelive),

likemorepeoplelivinginanarea,whichincreasesthechancesofthemcomingintocontactwithabacteriaorvirus.which引導非限制性定語從句comeintocontactwith

接觸到V-ing的被動式

作后置定語，含義①virus與carry是被動關系

②“被攜帶”這個動作正在進行省略that的定語從句prep.比如②Eachdiseasecanonlyofficially

beclassifiedasanepidemiconce

acertainnumberofdeathshaveoccurredfromthedisease.Thenumberofdeathsisdifferentforeverydisease.Soaveryrarediseasewillhavealowbaselineandjustafewcasesofitinoneplacewillbe

一定數量的...的數量被歸類為…一旦，只有病例classifiedasanepidemic;asopposedtomorecommondiseases(,suchastheflu,)thathaveahigherbaseline.Thecommoncoldisawidespread

virus

(thataffectsmillionsofpeople),butitisnotseenasbeingaseriousenoughconditiontodeservetheclassificationofepidemic.that引導的定語從句benotseenas不被看作相對于被歸類為…that引導的定語從句③Withrecentpressreports

drawingparallelsbetweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast,JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforcluesabout(howwecancreateamorepositivefuturewithoutepidemics.)drawparallelsbetween...and...將…和…相提并論新聞報道how引導的賓語從句創造一個更積極/美好的未來2．Withrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast，JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforcluesabouthowwecancreateamorepositivefuturewithoutepidemics.[句式分析]此句是____句。With...ofthepast為with的復合結構作____，其中賓語pressreports和賓補drawingparallels...構成_____關系；howwecan...為____從句。[自主翻譯]

復合狀語主動賓語最近有新聞報道，吉姆·史密斯將禽流感和過去致命的流行病作對比，在屢屢令人感到沮喪的流行病史中尋找線索，從而創造一個遠離流行病的美好未來。④Sincebirdflufirstappearedin1997,ithastakenmorethanahundredlives.Manypeople

fear

(itcouldbethenextglobalepidemic),especiallyasscientistswhohavegoneintodetail

studyingtissuesamplesfromthebodiesofpeople(whodiedofthe1918SpanishFlu)

haveprovedthatbirdfluisamodernadaptationofthatvirus.超過省略了that的賓語從句who引導定從that引導賓從who引導定從詳細敘述研究組織樣本3．Manypeoplefearitcouldbethenextglobalepidemic,especiallyasscientistswhohavegoneintodetailstudyingtissuesamplesfromthebodiesofpeoplewhodiedofthe1918SpanishFluhaveprovedthatbirdfluisamodernadaptationofthatvirus.[句式分析]此句是____句。Manypeoplefear后是省略了that的____從句；as引導的是____狀語從句，譯作“______________”；兩個who引導的都是____從句，分別修飾scientists和people；proved之后的that引導____從句。[自主翻譯]

復合賓語時間當……的時候定語賓語

科學家們仔細研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸體的組織樣本，證明禽流感是該病毒的現代變異版本，許多人擔心它可能會引起下一場全球流行病。⑤Oneoftheearliestepidemicsonrecordhappenedbetweenabout500and550CE.Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic,makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.upto

多達在...和...之間之一記錄的死于...現在分詞短語作結果狀語Then,inthe1330s,thisepidemicreturned,thistimeinAsia.ItspreadrapidlytoEuropeandbecameknownas“TheBlackDeath”becauseonevisible

symptomwasblackspotsonthebody.傳播到被稱為；以......出名⑥Centurieslater,theGreatFluEpidemicof1918,alsocalledtheSpanishFlu,struckneartheendofWorldWarⅠ.Families

(whohadonlyjustgotthroughthewar)nowhadtoburytheirlovedones

(whohaddiedofthedisease).Asaresultofthewar,morepeopleweretravellingandmovingperhapsthaneverbeforeinhistoryandthiscausedthewho引導的定語從句由于asaresult:因此前所未有getthrough

渡過(難關)striken.罷工,襲擊v.侵襲，打擊，罷工who引導的定語從句epidemictospreadworldwide.Havingkilled

upto50millionpeoplein18months,theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory.Morepeoplediedofthefluthandiedinthewar.Initially,manypeoplebelievedthatsuchepidemicsnolonger

posedathreatuntilveryrecentlywhenSARSbecameacauseforconcern.adv.起初；開始構成威脅不再非謂語(doing)動作發生在謂語動作之前，用havingdone多達⑦TheSARSepidemicbeganin2002withacaseoflungdiseaseinGuangdongProvince.ItspreadtoCanada,VietnamandSingaporeandlasteduntil2003.SARSwasexaminedby

scientists,(who

wereconfusedbythisnewdiseaseandwantedtolearnmoreaboutitanditscauses.)

beconfusedby對...困惑蔓延到肺部疾病病例被...檢測who引導非限制性定語從句Infectionrateswentup

steadily,andinthecourseoftheoutbreak,about8,000peoplewereinfectedoverninemonths.SincetheendoftheSARSepidemic,scientistshavebeendoing

trialsontreatmentstopreventanyfutureoutbreaks.dotrialson...做關于...的試驗感染率goup增長;上升在...的過程中/期間⑧Then,from2013to2016,therewasthemostwidespreadoutbreakoftheEbolaVirusDisease(EVD)inWestAfrica,which

resultedin

amajorlossoflifeinanumberofwestAfricancountries.resultin導致從...到...which引導非限制性定語從句許多11,310deathswereofficiallyrecorded,buttheactualnumberofdeathsisprobablymuchhigher.Theviruswasextremelyinfectiousandthesurvivalratewasaslowas30%insomeareas,indicatingthatveryfewpeoplegotoverit.getover克服，康復存活率像...一樣；如同⑨Despite,orperhapsbecauseof,theepidemics

(theworldhasfacedinrecentyears,)governmentsworldwidehaveunderlinedthefact

that

theywantthoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchonepidemicstogetatthecausesandcomeupwithcuresassoonaspossible.that引導同位語從句近年來盡管因為查明提出；想出盡快省略that的定語從句4.Despite，orperhapsbecauseof，theepidemicstheworldhasfacedinrecentyears，governmentsworldwidehaveunderlinedthefactthattheywantthoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchonepidemicstogetatthecausesandcomeupwithcuresassoonaspossible.[句式分析]此句是____句。Despite，orperhaps...inrecentyears作____，其中theworldhasfacedinrecentyea