2023年6月全國普通高等學校招生統一考試上海英語試卷I.ListeningComprehension（第1-10題,每題1分；第11-20題，每題1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Everymorningat6:00. B.EveryThursdayafternoon.C.Everydayat6:00p.m. D.EveryTuesdaymorning.2.A.Dishwasher. B.Dryer.C.Kitchenappliances. D.Hisownlamps.3.A.Shecanbearwalkingdogs. B.RabbitssuitherlifestylemostC.Sheprefersrabbitstocats. D.Shedoesn’tlikecats.4.A.Themusicinthenextroomdisturbedhisrest.B.Theroomhelivesinisleakingwater.C.Hewantsthefrontdeskstafftohelphimordertakeout.D.Heencountereddangerinhisownroom.5.A.Takesomeguitarlessons. B.GotoFrance.C.Spendmoretimeatwork. D.Eatmorechocolates.6.A.Readingabookisbetterthanseeingamovie.B.Seeingamoviedoesn’tdeservethemoney.C.Joiningabookclubiseconomical.D.It’snevertoolatertoreadbooks.7.A.Eatmorenaturalfood. B.Eatmorepackagedfood.C.Eatlessvegetablesticks. D.Eatmorechips.8.A.It’shottohaveaspringoutingnow.B.It’sstrangetopostponethespringouting.C.Itiswisetopostponethespringouting.D.Itmaybecolderattheendofthismonth.9.A.Theyshouldhavearrivedanhourearlier.B.Hedoesn’tenjoythedesignofthefireworksC.ThefireworksshowstartedanhourlaterthanplannedD.Theexperiencewasfarfromsatisfactory10.A.Themanisworththepromotion.B.Theman'sworkisfinallyrecognizedC.ThemanisthebestfitforthepositionD.ThemanhasbeenundervaluedSectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestionswillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonethefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoyouhaveheard.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。11.A.Toavoidfireaccidents. B.Toavoidsmokeandnoise.C.Toaccommodatemorerubbish. D.Tomakeroomforactivities.12.A.Theywereusuallystoredundergroundtokeepthemfresh.B.Theywerekeptinrefrigeratorstopreventthemgoingbad.C.Theyweretransportedfromthekitchentosavetime.D.Theywerepickedfreshfromthecastlegardenasneeded.13.A.LifeinEurope. B.Thecastlekitchen.CFoodinthecastle D.Developmentsofcastles.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.A.Itismoreeconomicalandmoreefficient.B.ItismorepopularandmoreeffectiveC.Itismoredifficultandmorevaluable.D.Itismorecomplicatedandmoreexcellent15.A.Brandmessagesinonlinevideoads.B.Non-brandcontentsinonlinevideoads.C.BrandmessagesinTVads.D.Non-brandcontentsinTVads.16.A.Theimportanceofbrands. B.Anewe-bookguide.C.Digitaladvertising. D.Strategiesofadvertising.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。17.A.Sheismisunderstoodbyherfriend.B.Sheisn’tgettingalongwellwithherroommate.C.Shehastroublemakingnewfriendsinnewplaces.D.Shedoesn’twanttobefriendswithMaryanymore18.A.Shedoesn’tlikebeingfriendswithJane.B.ShemakesJanefeelbadonpurpose.C.Shefailstodopartofherduty.D.Shewillsurelychangeherbehavior.19.A.ShecanstilltolerateMary.B.Shedoesn’tthinkMarywillchange.C.SheisafraidshewilloffendMary.D.Sheisafraidoflosingthisfriend.20.A.Forgetaboutthetrivialthings.B.TellMarythroughathirdperson.C.TellMarydirectlyaboutherfeelings.D.Don’tbefriendswithMarryanymore.II.GrammarandVocabulary（每題1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Onceuponatime,intheheartofAfrica,therewasakingwho_____21_____(know)forhiswisdomandcourage,HisnamewasMosi,meaning“smoke”inhisnativetongue.Hehadcomealongway_____22_____(watch)overhiskingdom,_____23_____(assume)thethrone(王權)atayoungage.Oneday,adisputearoseinthekingdom,Twofarmerswerearguingabouttheownershipofapieceofland,Theycouldnotsettlethematterthemselves_____24_____eachclaimedthelandwastheirs.ThecasewasbroughtbeforeKingMosi,whowasknownforhisfairjudgments.Thekinglistenedtobothsidesofthestory.Hethenasked,“Whoamongyoucantellme.howmanyseedsareinthefruitofthebaobabtree?”Thefarmerslookedateachother,puzzled.Theydidnotknowtheanswer.KingMosicontinued,“Justasyoucannottellmethenumberofseedsinthebaobabfruit,youcannotprove_____25_____thislandbelongsto.Therefore,Idecreethatthislandshallbesharedbetweenyou.Youwillworkonittogetherandsharethefruitsofyourlaborequally.”Thefarmersweretakenabackbytheking’swisdom.Theyagreedtotheking’sdecisionandthankedhimforhisfairjudgment.Fromthatdayforward,they_____26_____worktogetheronthelandandbecamethebestfriends.ThepeopleofthekingdomadmiredKingMosi’swisdom.Theywouldremain____27____(seat)forhours,listeningtohiswisewordsandlearningfromhisjudgments.ThestoryofKingMosi’swisdomspreadfarandwide,andhewasrespectedbyallwhoheardabouthim.Andso,kingMosicontinuedtorulehiskingdomwithwisdomandfairness,earning_____28_____aplaceintheannals(編年史)ofhistory,Hisstoryisareminderof_____29_____wisdomcanbring______30______peaceandharmony.Itisastorythathasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations,atestamenttoKingMosi’senduringlegacy.ThisisthestoryofKingMosi,awiseandjustrulerwhomadeasignificantimpactonhiskingdomanditspeople,Hisstorycontinuestoinspireandteachvaluablelessonsaboutleadershipandjustice.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.unworkableB.indicativeC.polarD.promisingE.quantityF.requestsG.contentH.visionI.evaluatingJ.unmetK.subscribingBrainstormingisacreativeprocessthatcanhelpgeneratenewandinnovativeideastosolvecomplexproblems.Itinvolvesbringingtogetherindividualsfromdiversebackgroundsandperspectivestosharetheirideasfreelyandbuilduponeachother’scontributions.However,tomakethemostofthisprocess,itisimportanttocreateanenvironmentthatencouragesactiveparticipationandcollaboration.Herearesomekeyprinciplestokeepinmindwhenconductingabrainstormingsession.Firstly,itisimportanttohaveaclearvisionorgoalforthebrainstormingsession.Thiswillhelpguidethediscussionandensurethatallideasgeneratedarerelevanttothetopicathand.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtosharetheirthoughtsandideasfreely,withoutfearofjudgmentorcriticism.By____31____toeachother’sideas,individualscanbuildoneachother’scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheproblem.When____32____thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession,itisimportanttoconsiderboththequantityandthe____33____.Whileahighquantityofideascanbebeneficial,itismoreimportanttofocusonthequalityoftheideasandhowwelltheyalignwiththegroup’ssharedvision.Ideasthatare____34____orirrelevanttothegroup’sgoalsshouldbediscardedinfavorofthosethataremore____35____.Itisalsoimportanttohonor____36____formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea.Thiscanhelpthegroupbetterevaluatetheideaanddeterminewhetheritalignswiththeirsharedvision.Ifanideaisdeemedunworkableorneedsare____37____comprehensively,itisimportanttorecognizethisandmoveontootherideasthatmaybemorefeasible.Inadditiontoevaluatingthequalityofideas,itisimportanttoconsiderthecontentofthediscussion.Thebrainstormingsessionshouldbefocusedongeneratingnewideasandsolutionsratherthanrehashingoldones.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtothinkcreativelyandoutsidethebox,andtoavoidgettingboggeddowninthedetails.The____38____ofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsessioncanalsobeanimportantfactortoconsider.Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofasuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtogenerateasmanyideasaspossible,withoutworryingaboutwhethertheyarepracticalorfeasible.Ultimately,thesuccessofabrainstormingsessiondependsonthegroup’sabilitytoworktogethertowardsashared____39____.Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother’sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.Brainstormingisapowerfultoolthatcanhelpusovercomethe____40____thatplaguesoursociety,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture.III.ReadingComprehension(共45分。41-45每題1分；56-70每題2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextDoctorsarescientistswho

operate

inaworldof

statistics,

odds

and

probability.Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthat

whendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveya

reassuring

levelofconfidenceandcertainty.___41___,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemaclear

diagnosis

anda

straightforward

courseoftreatment.But

nowthat

informationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareasking

whetherdoctors’

apparent___42___

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactually

doesmoreharmthangood.

With

theinformationoverloadbrought

bythe

progress

ofmedicineand

technologyanswersare___43___

blackorwhite.Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients’

expectationshaven’t___44___,

either.“Medicinehasalways

fallenshortofthesortof

certaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,

saysDr.RossUpshur,

a

researcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,

it’sabout___45___

uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”Doctorsintraining,

likegamblers,needto

be___46___

workingin

afieldinwhichthey’reconstantly

weighingtheodds

basedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudents

howto

diagnose

anailment(小恙),hetellsthemto___47___

their

inquiry—

comeupwith

alistofpossibilities,

ratherthanquickly

homeinon

asinglesolution.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,

youusually

don’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest___48___

andwhatthe

outcomes

willbe

inthelongrun.”Technology

hashelped___49___

thequest

forcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeeda

listof

symptoms

intoacomputerandgetamore

___50___

diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.Richard

Schwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an

___51___

andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an___52___

levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”Ontheotherhand,computerscan’t___53___a

diagnosis

ora

treatment

topatientsina

comfortingway.Take

aroutine

screening

test

forearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmoking

status,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌癥結節).Itcanalso___54___

quite

precisely

theriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’t

do,___55___,isdecidehowto

breakthenews

thatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1

percent

chanceofbecomingacancer.41.A.Onthehand B.Afterwords C.Asaresult D.Aboveall42.A.victim B.instance C.transparency D.certainty43.A.frequently B.generally C.rarely D.mainly44.A.adored B.transformed C.faded D.adjusted45.A.limiting B.hitting C.threatening D.assembling46.A.comparedwith B.accountedfor C.accustomedto D.annoyedat47.A.cover B.train C.clarify D.broaden48.A.identify B.cure C.defend D.cause49.A.enlighten B.redefine C.commit D.guarantee50.A.accurate B.plain C.serious D.remedial51.A.challenge B.encounter C.conversation D.dispute52.A.dangerous B.maximal C.unfavorable D.contrasting53.A.stuff B.hint C.communicate D.indicate54.A.conclude B.understand C.assume D.calculate55.A.however B.therefore C.moreover D.henceDirections:

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Doctorsarescientistswho

operate

inaworldof

statistics

odds

and

probability.Yetthey’velongbeentaughtthat

whendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveya

reassuring

levelofconfidenceandcertainty.

___56___,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemaclear

diagnosis

anda

straightforward

courseoftreatment.But

nowthat

informationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,expertsareasking

whetherdoctors’

apparent

___57___

whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactually

doesmoreharmthangood.

With

theinformationoverloadbrought

bythe

progress

ofmedicineand

technologyanswersare

___58___blackorwhite.Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients’

expectationshaven’t___59___,

either.“Medicinehasalways

fallenshortofthesortof

certaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,

saysDr.RossUpshur,

a

researcherattheDallaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.“Ifyouthinkaboutknowledgeandwhatitdoes,

it’sabout

___60___

uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.”Doctorsintraining,

likegamblers,needto

be___61___workingin

afieldinwhichthey’reconstantly

weighingtheodds

basedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudents

howto

diagnose

anailment(小恙),hetellsthemto___62___their

inquiry

----

comeupwith

alistofpossibilities,

ratherthanquickly

homeinon

asinglesolution.“Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm,

youusually

don’thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest___63___

andwhatthe

outcomes

willbe

inthelongrun.”

Technology

hashelped___64___thequest

forcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeeda

listof

symptoms

intoacomputerandgetamore___65___diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.Richard

Schwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasbotha/an___66___andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,“technologytriestopushyoutoa/an___67___levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.”Ontheotherhand,computerscan’t___68___a

diagnosis

ora

treatment

topatientsina

comfortingway.Take

aroutine

screening

test

forearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmoking

status,andyourgender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌癥結節).Itcanalso___69___

quite

precisely

theriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofanodule.Whatitcan’t

do,

___70___,isdecidehowto

breakthenews

thatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthathasa1

percent

chanceofbecomingacancer.SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Inthevast,untouchedexpanseofwilderness,Islaandherfaithfulgoldenretriever(獵犬),Finndancedinaharmonyofsouls.Together,theyweavedthroughmyriadterrains,fromshadowedforestsechoingwithancientsecretstoruggedmountainpathsthattouchedtheheavens.Theirbondwasnotofmerecircumstance,butofshareddreams,Islasoughtquietawayfromtheurbannoise,whileeveryrustleandmurmurofthewildignitedFinn’sspirit.Asdawn’sfirstlightkissedtheearth,IsladeliberatelypackedawaymemoriesofthenighwhileFinn,witheageranticipation,wagged(搖擺)histail,eagerfortheday’smelodies.Theirjourneywasnotchartedbymapsorcompasses,butbythegentletouchesoftheirhearts,caressedbynature’sidealbreezes.Oneduskyevening,paintedwithdeepredcolorsandetherealpurples,anunexpectedstormtookthemoffguard,Raindrops,heavywithsorrow,transformedfamiliartrailsintoflowingstreams,inadesperatebidforrefuge,Islawastrappedbythefierceembraceofthecurrents.IttwasFinn’sinstinctivecouragethatshonebrightlyinthatmomentofdespair,ashemovedforwardsuddenly,securingherbackpackwithasteadfastgrip,drawingherbacktosafety’sshore.Nestledinurockyembrace,theyclungtoeachotheragainstthestorm’sfury.IslawhisperedtalesofbygonedaysanddistanthorizonsintoFinn’seagercars,Inreturn,hemovedslowlyandcomplainedweakly,weavingtaleswithoutwords,sharingasymphonyofsilentstories.Whenthestorm’sragedecreased,theworldtheyknewwascoveredinunfamiliarity.Trailstheyoncedanceduponhadvanished,andlandmarkswhisperedinunfamiliartongues.Forthefirsttime,Islafelttheweightofdisorientation.ButFinn,withunwaveringconfidence,steppedforward,trustinghisinstinctstounveilthepathahead.Asdaysmeltedintoweeks,justwhenhopeseemedadistantstar,theembraceofahiddenvillagehuggedthemgently.Interestedbythelongexcitingjourney,villagerswelcomedthem,theirjourneybecomingwovenintothepictureoflocallegend.Butthewild’stemptationcouldnotbeignored.Restored,thetwopartnersventuredoncemoreintotheembraceofnature,carryingwiththemtheblessingsandhopesofnewfoundfriends.Throughtherichandcolorfulpictureoftheiradventures,itbecameevidentthattheirtruestrengthwasnotinconqueringtheelementsbutintheunyieldingbondtheyshared.Thewildwasbutastagefortheireternalballetoffriendshipandperseverance.71.WhatconnectedIslatoFinn?A.Theuntouchedexpanseofwilderness.B.Shadowedforestsechoingwithancientsecrets.C.Circumstanceandshareddreams.D.Theurbannoise.72.WhatdroveIslaintodespair?A.Aduskofcrimsonandpurple.B.Asuddenstorm.C.Thefamiliartrails.D.Arockyembrace.73.Whatwerethevillagersinterestedin?A.Finn’sconfidenceandintuition.B.Isla’srespectfornature.C.IslaandFinn’sexcitingjourneyD.Thewild’stemptation.74.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.IslaandFinnmadetheirjourneysbasedonamaporacompass.B.FinnfailedtopullIslabacktothesafetyofshore.C.ThevillagerswoveIslaandFinn’sjourneyintolocallegend.D.IslaandFinn’srealstrengthliedinconqueringharshenvironments.(B)TheMotivatedSequence(序列)ofPublicSpeechThemotivatedsequencegetsitsnamepartlybecauseitfollowsjohnDewey’sproblemsolutionmodelforthinkingandpartlybecauseitmakesattractiveanalysesoftheseproblemsandtheirsolutionsbytyingthemtohumanmotives.Thatis,themotivatedsequenceisbothproblem-drivenandmotivation-centered.Therearefivebasicstepsinthemotivatedsequence1.Youmustgetpeopletoattendtosomeproblem,ortofeeldiscomfortstronglyenoughtowanttohearmore.2.Youcancreatemorespecificwantsordesires,apersonalsenseofneed.3.Whenwantsorneedsarecreated,youcanattempttosatisfythembyshowingwhatcanbedonetosolvetheproblemorrelievethesenseofdiscomfort.4.Simplydescribingacourseofactionmaynotbeenough,sointhefourthplaceyoucanvisualizetheworldasitwouldlookiftheactionswerecarriedout,andwhatitmightbelikeiftheywerenot.5.Withthat,ifyouhavedonethesefourtaskswell,accidencemembersshouldbereadytoact—toputintopracticetheproposedsolutiontotheirproblems.FivestepsAudienceresponsel.AttentionGettingattentionIwanttolisten.2.NeedShowingtheneed:DescribingthesolutionSomethingneedstobedone.3.SatisfactionSatisfyingtheneed:presentingthesolutionThisiswhattodotosatisfytheneed.4.VisualizationVisualizingtheresults_________?_________5.ActionRequestingactionorapprovalIwilldothis.Themotivatedsequencecanbeusedtostructuremanydifferentsortsofspeeches.Itcouldbeused,forexample,inaspeechurgingyourclassmatestojoinablooddonors’association.Or,youcoulduseittosellafriendinsurance.Andyoucanalsouseittotalkaboutsocialproblems,suchastheenvironmentandtheeconomiccrisis.75.Whatdoweknowaboutthemotivatedsequence?A.Itisthebasicprincipleofproblem-solutionmodel.B.Ithasnothingtodowithhumanmotivation.C.It’sbothproblem-drivenandmotivation-centered.D.Therearesixbasicstepsinthemotivatedsequence.76.Whatcanthemotivatedsequencebeusedfor?A.Aspeechurgingyourclassmatestoquitablooddonors’association.B.Aspeechtogetyourfriendstopromoteablooddonors’associationC.Aspeechtogetyourfriendstosellinsurance.D.Aspeechontheenvironmentalandeconomiccrisis.77.XiaoWangistryingtopersuadehisclassmatestojoinablooddonors’association.Helphimdraftaspeechbyputtingthefollowingfivesentencesintherightorderbasedonthemotivatedsequence.(1)Withthesteadysupplyofblood,emergencieswillbemetwithtimelytreatment(2)Youcanhelpbyfillingouttheblooddonors’cardsIampassingout.(3)Ourareaisshortofbloodofalltypestomeetemergencyneeds.(4)Amandiedlastnightinatrafficaccidentbecausehelosttoomuchblood.(5)Ablooddonors’associationguaranteesapredictable,steadysupplyofbloodtothemedicalcommunity.A(4)(3)(5)(1)(2) B.(4)(2)(3)(1)(5)C.(4)(5)(3)(1)(2) D.(4)(2)(1)(5)(3)(C)Theuniverseexpandswitheverypassingsecond,stretchingthespacebetweengalaxieslikedoughrisinginanoven.Butjusthowfastisthisexpansionhappening?AstelescopeslikeHubblestrivetoanswerthisfundamentalquestion,theyencounteraperplexinggapbetweentheoreticalpredictionsandobserveddata.Hubble’smeasurementsindicateafasterrateofexpansioninthemodernuniversecomparedtowhatwasexpectedbasedonobservationsoftheuniversemorethan13billionyearsagobytheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sPlancksatellite.Thisinconsistencyhasbeenasubjectofscientificinquiryforseveralyears.However,itremainsuncertainwhetherdifferencesinmeasurementtechniquesorchancevariationsareresponsibleforthisdisparity.RecentdatafromtheHubbletelescopehavesignificantlyreducedthepossibilitythatthisdiscrepancyismerelyastatisticalfluke,withthechancesnowestimatedatonly1in100,000.Thismarksasubstantialimprovementfrompreviousestimates,whichplacedtheoddsat1in3,000lessthanayearago.TheseprecisemeasurementsfromHubblelendweighttothehypothesisthatnewphysicsmaybenecessarytoreconciletheobservedmismatch.LeadresearcherAdamRiess,aNobellaureatefromtheSpaceTelescopeScienceInstituteandJohnsHopkinsUniversity,describesthetensionbetweentheearlyandlateuniverseasoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsincosmologyindecades.Heemphasizesthatthegrowingdisparitycannotbedismissedasarandomoccurrenceandsuggeststhatitmaysignaltheneedforadeeperunderstandingofthecosmos.Todeterminedistancesintheuniverse,scientistsrelyona“cosmicdistanceladder”method.Thisinvolvesaccuratelymeasuringdistancestonearbygalaxiesandthenusingprogressivelydistantgalaxiesasreferencepoints.ByobservingstarslikeCepheidvariables,astronomerscancalibratethisdistanceladder.Riessandhisteamhavebeenrefiningthesemeasurementssince2005,aimingtoimproveourunderstandingofcosmicdistances.Intheirlateststudy,astronomersusedHubbletoobserve70CepheidvariablesintheLargeMagellanicCloud.Bycomparingthesestarswiththeirmoredistantcounterpartsingalaxieshostingsupernovae,theyrefinedtheirmeasurementoftheHubbleconstant,reducingitsuncertaintyfrom2.2%to1.9%.Despitethisincreasedprecision,theircalculatedHubbleconstantremainsatoddswiththevaluepredictedbyobservationsoftheearlyuniverseconductedbyPlanck.ThePlancksatellite,whichmapsthecosmicmicrowavebackground–aremnantoftheuniverse’searlystages–providescrucialdataforunderstandingtheuniverse’sexpansion.However,thediscrepancybetweenthesemeasurementsandthosefromHubbleunderscorestheneedforfurtherinvestigationandthepotentialfornewdiscoveriesincosmology.78Wheredomeasurementsoftheearlyuniversecomefrom?A.Thespacebetweengalaxies.B.MeasurementsfromHubbleandothertelescopesC.EuropeanSpaceAgency’sPlancksatellite.D.ThelatestHubbledata.79.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisinlinewithAdamRiess’opinion?A.TheexpansionspeedofthemodernuniverseisfasterthanexpectedB.Newphysicsmaybeneededtoexplainthismismatch.C.Itisunlikelythatthisdiscrepancyoccurredbychance.D.Hubble’stensionisthemostexcitingdevelopmentincosmologyindecades.80.Whatdoscientistsusetodeterminethedistanceofthingsintheuniverse?A.Acosmicdistanceladder.B.Accuratemeasurementsofdistances.C.Milepostmarkers.D.TheHubbleconstant.81.WhatdidRiess’teamdo?A.TheyusedtheHubbleSpaceTelescopetoobservepulsatingstarsB.TheyimprovedthecomparisonbetweenC.TheyraisedtheuncertaintyoftheHubbleconstantto2.2%D.TheyreducedtheuncertaintyintheirHubbleconstantvalueto1.9.SectionCDirections:CompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesintheboxEachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.TheDifferenceBetweenHomeschoolingandSchoolingatHomeHomeschoolingisnotanewconcept,Familieshavechosenthisasaprimarysourceofeducationfordecades.Whethertheyliveinaremoteurea,tra