Module3單元語(yǔ)法詳解“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)(一）構(gòu)成hadbeen+過(guò)去分詞(二）用法1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。該動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，表不過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可用by，before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),也可是when,after,until,bythetime等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或通過(guò)上下文表示。①Hadthenewplanbeendiscussedbeforethemeeting?開會(huì)之前新計(jì)劃已被討論過(guò)了嗎？②How manybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhenthehurricaneended?颶風(fēng)結(jié)束時(shí)，有多少建筑遭到了破壞？2.用在含有被動(dòng)形式的間接引語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句中，常用在told, said,thought,knew,heard,found,wondered等動(dòng)詞后.表示在這些動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。①She toldusthatthemeetinghadbeencanceled.她告訴我們會(huì)議已經(jīng)被取消了。②They saidtheproductioncostshadbeenreduced.他們說(shuō)生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)下降了。3.用在Itwasthefirst/second/...timethat…句型中。此句型主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Itwasthefirsttimethathehadbeenbeatenblackandblue.那是他第一次被打得青一塊紫一塊。4.用在表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句中。Iftheworkhadbeendoneearlier,itwouldhavealreadybeenfinished.如果早點(diǎn)做這項(xiàng)工作，就做完了。二、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引述別人的原話，放于引號(hào)內(nèi)，叫作直接引語(yǔ);用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放于引號(hào)內(nèi)，這是間接引語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)在句式、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序、人稱和狀語(yǔ)等方面作相應(yīng)變化。(一）句式變化1.直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要變成以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，that在口語(yǔ)中常省略。Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”她說(shuō):“我們的公共汽車五分鐘后到達(dá)。”→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.她說(shuō)他們的公共汽車五分鐘后到達(dá)。2.直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”他說(shuō)約翰，你會(huì)游泳嗎?”→HeaskedJohnwhether/ifhecouldswim.他問(wèn)約翰他是否會(huì)游泳。3.直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”她問(wèn)我：“他們什么時(shí)候吃飯?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.她問(wèn)我他們什么時(shí)候吃飯。4.直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)中祈使句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)變成不定式，直接引語(yǔ)中的say應(yīng)改為ask，tell，order等，否定句需要在不定式前加not。“Bringmeacupoftea，please，”shesaidtohim.她對(duì)他說(shuō):“請(qǐng)給我?guī)П鑱?lái)。”→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.她讓他給她帶杯茶來(lái)。(二）時(shí)態(tài)變化在直接引語(yǔ)中在間接引語(yǔ)中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Theysaid，“Ourparentsoftengoshoppingwithus.”他們說(shuō):“我們的父母經(jīng)常和我們一起購(gòu)物。”→Theysaidtheirparentsoftenwentshoppingwiththem.他們說(shuō)他們的父母經(jīng)常和他們一起購(gòu)物。(三）狀語(yǔ)、代詞和動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、指示代詞和動(dòng)詞也要作相應(yīng)的變動(dòng)。在直接引語(yǔ)中在間接引語(yǔ)中now現(xiàn)在then那時(shí)；當(dāng)時(shí)today今天thatday那天tonight今晚thatnight那天晚上thisweek本周thatweek那周yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore兩天前threedaysago三天以前threedaysbefore三天前l(fā)astweek上周theweekbefore前一周tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天nextweek下周thenext/followingweek第二個(gè)星期nextmonth下個(gè)月thenext/followingmonth第二個(gè)月thismorning這個(gè)早晨thatmorning那個(gè)早晨指示代詞this這that那these這些those那些地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here這里there那里動(dòng)詞come來(lái)go去bring帶來(lái)take帶云“Didyouseeherlastweek?”heasked.他問(wèn)：“你上周見(jiàn)到她了嗎？”→HeaskedifIhadseenhertheweekbefore.他問(wèn)我前一周是否見(jiàn)到她了。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1單句填空單句填空1.WhenIgothome,myshoes(clean)bysomebody.2.Hesaidhishomework(finish)already.3.Tom(tell)manytimes,buthestillunderstandit.4.BytheendoflasttermtwohundredEnglishwords(learn)byhim.5.Fortunately,thefire(put)outbeforeitreachedthecrowd.6.ItwasreportedthatMr.Smith(catch)bythepolicefordrunkdriving.7.Infact,thedecisioncould(make)longbeforeyoucamehere.8.Itwashardtofollowthelecture,becauseit(start)whenIarrived.9.ItwasthefirsttimethatI(meet)aprofessorfromthatuniversity.10.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison(make)alivingbyhimself.即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2把下列直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)1.Shesaid,“IliketowatchTV.”→Shesaidthat2.“Doyouknowtheman?”heaskedme.→Heasked3.“Whatdoyouusuallydointheevening?”heasked.→Heaskedme4.“Don’tmakeanynoise”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold/ordered5.ZhouLansaid,“I’lldoitafterclass.”→ZhouLansaidthat6. Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”→Hesaidthat.7. Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”→Hesaid8.Hesaid,“IamgoingtoBeijingthisweek.”→Hesaidthat9.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinesstomorrow.”→Mr.Wangsaidthat10.Hisfathersaidtohim,“Thinkbeforeyoudoit!，’→Hisfathertoldhim答案：即時(shí)訓(xùn)練11.hadbeencleaned2.hadbeenfinished3.hadbeentold4.hadbeenlearned5.hadbeenput6.hadbeencaught7.hadbeenmade8.hadstarted9.hadmet10.hadmade即時(shí)訓(xùn)練21.shelikedtowatchTV2.if/whetherIknewtheman3.what Iusuallydidintheevening4.the childrennot