考點11推理判斷之引申推斷練高考心中有數1.A【2022·新高考I卷】GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstopletefourassignments(作業)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytopleteshortinclasswritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobepletedinclassorshortassignmentstobepletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.2.Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法。1.C推理判斷題。根據文章標題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學概論課程評分辦法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章將構成本課程評分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法，可得出本文是出自一個課程計劃。故選C。2.B細節理解題。根據黑體小標題“Essays(60%)”、“GroupAssignments(30%)”和“DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，學生的最終成績由3部分組成。故選B。3.A推理判斷題。根據“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。故選A項。2.C【2022·新高考I卷】Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80yearoldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.”“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.”“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentseandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallyweletheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”8.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovideparttimejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.9.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.11.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況的項目。8.D推理判斷題。根據文章第二段中的“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(該項目由當地一家慈善機構構想，旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況)”可知，這個項目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。故選D。9.B推理判斷題。根據文章第五段中的““It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentseandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”(有不同的關注點很好。人們把自己的孩子帶進來看母雞，居民們也來外面坐著看它們。我喜歡創造性的活動，做一些有用的事情的感覺很好)”可推知，RuthXavier通過該項目獲得了一種成就感。故選B。10.C詞義猜測題。根據文章倒數第二段中的“Residentsreallyweletheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin(開始)”含義相近。故選C。11.A推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段中的“Residentsreallyweletheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“諾丁山路徑”的負責人林恩·劉易斯說:我們很高興能參與這個項目。它將通過共同的興趣和創造性活動真正幫助我們的居民聯系起來)”可知，該項目的反響很好。故選A。3.D【2022·全國高考乙卷】TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestheremendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkspanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milkbaseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallpaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools. B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth. D.Toencourageresearchineducation.13.Howdidsomedrinkspaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets. B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction. D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks. B.Milkbaseddrinks. C.Fruitjuices. D.ClassicCoke.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashortsighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，同時該收入用于學校體育。12.C細節理解題。根據文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C。13.D細節理解題。根據第四段中的“Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經降低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。）”可知，一些飲料公司通過降低了產品的含糖量來避稅。故選D。14.D細節理解題。根據第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milkbaseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallpaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經典可口可樂，已經接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因為擔心會惹惱消費者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的。）”可知，糖稅主要來自經典可口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D。15.B推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段中的“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據一位政府官員的說法，今天的數據顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學校的體育設施和健康飲食籌集了數百萬英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實施是一個成功的政策。故選B。4.B【2021·英語全國甲卷】PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,hasweledthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtoweleanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirsttimemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirsttimemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A．Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B．Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C．ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D．Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.【答案】7．D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在PortLympne保護區的部分黑犀牛現狀。7．推理判斷題。通過文章倒數第二段“itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判斷這些小犀牛是否會成為返回野生保護區的好的候選者還為時過早)”可推知，PonLympne保護區的一些犀牛可能會被送到野生保護區。故選D項。5.C【2021·英語全國甲卷】WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue—skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarlessweling.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,IfoundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spendinghoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear:touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail—thinteenager,inabaggywhiteT—shirt,skidded（滑）uptothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances.“Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,”Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.“Safe,man.Safe.”“Yeah,”Isaid.“Safe.”8．WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?A．Hefeltdisappointed. B．Hegaveuphishobby.C．Helikedtheweatherthere. D．Hehaddisagreementswithhisfamily.【答案】8．A【解析】本文屬于記敘文。本文講述作者自己的經歷，起初搬到倫敦很不適應，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結識了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應了。作者回到倫敦之后，經常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在與一個玩滑板的孩子打招呼的時候，終于找到了自己久違的熟悉感。8．推理判斷題。根據第一段“Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblueskydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.(除了我之外的家里人都很快適應這個城市，沒有了我喜愛的沙灘和藍天，我感到迷茫和無措)”可知，作者剛到倫敦的時候因為沒有喜愛的沙灘，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮喪，故選A。6.D【2021·英語全國甲卷】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbeediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalmunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusesefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”13．WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A．Theythinkthemselvessmart.B．Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C．Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D．Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs【答案】13．D【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章由問題“誰是天才？”引入，論述了世人對天才的狹隘定義，提出事實上“天才”有很多種形式，不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。13．推理判斷題。根據第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”(更糟糕的是，研究發現女孩們是按照這個信念行事的。六歲左右，她們開始避免那些據說是“非常非常聰明”的孩子參加的活動)”可推知，女孩容易受到社會信仰的影響，認為自己在六歲左右就不適合做“聰明孩子”做的事情。故選D。7.B【2021·全國高考乙卷】Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,paredto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?27．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A．Itremainsafamilynecessity.B．Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C．Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D．Itisasimportantasthegaslight.【答案】27．B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達了固定電話是非必需品的觀點。27．推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(你有多喜歡你的座機？它們還要多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用類比的方式，使用煤氣路燈以及早晨送牛奶已經被淘汰的例子，側面說明了固定電話總有一天會廢棄的。故選B項。8.D【2021·全國高考乙卷】Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干擾）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hismentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheypletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分貝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatfacetofaceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.35．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．He’sanewsreporter.B．He’sanofficemanager.C．He’saprofessionaldesigner.D．He’sapublishedwriter.【答案】35．D【解析】這是一篇說明文。作者通過自身經歷講述人們為什么不喜歡開放性辦公室以及有關多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創造性思維的研究。35．推理判斷題。根據第一段“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.（在一次采訪我的一本書時，我的采訪者說了一些我至今還經常想起的話。）”可知，作者提到有人采訪自己的書，所以可以推斷，作者是一位作家。故選D項。9.C【2021·全國新高考I卷】WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.29130．WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A．Thestamppricehasgonedown. B．Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C．Thehuntershavestoppedhunting. D．Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.【答案】30．D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了美國鴨票的故事，由于美國移民的大量流入，對于農地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽。30．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.”可知，自1934年起，超過5億美元進入到了這個基金會，購買了超過500萬公頃的水禽棲息地，故可以推出，通過發行鴨票，美國政府獲得了大量的資金，故選D。10.B【2020·浙江卷】ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afastgrowingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,”saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacureallforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.“It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,”hesays.InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartment’strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.26．WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?A．Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.B．Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.C．Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.D．Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.27．WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue’ssuccess?A．Itisrewardingtotrynewthings. B．Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C．Ipaystoputtheoryintopractice. D．Thesimplestwayisthebestway.【答案】26．D27．A【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。美國華盛頓州的Bellevue采用了能隨交通狀況而調節交通燈時間的適應性信號燈，大大緩解了交通壓力，也表明人們對于交通阻塞問題不再只是拓寬道路，而是能夠采用新方法。26．推理判斷題。根據第四段第一句中“adaptivesignalsarenotacureallforjammedroadways(但自適應信號并不是解決擁堵道路的萬能藥)”及第二句中“othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference(其他城市交通堵塞如此嚴重，只有減少道路上的車輛才能起有意義的作用)”可推知，KevinBalke認為適應性信號燈對于交通堵塞很嚴重的城市沒有太大幫助。故選D項。27．推理判斷題。根據第二段最后一句“Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.(這些燈，被稱為適應性信號燈，已經大大減少了通勤的麻煩和花費)”最后一段第一句“InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelingnewapproaches.(在Bellevue，對適應性信號燈的轉變是一個在歡迎新方法的價值方面的榜樣)”可推知，從Bellevue的成功中可以得出，嘗試新事物是值得的。故選A項。11.C【2020·浙江卷】Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptoebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmen