熱點練04閱讀理解之詞義猜測題（熱點話題）熱點練04閱讀理解之詞義猜測題（熱點話題）猜測詞義題是英語高考閱讀理解的重要題型，也是難點題型。在閱讀英語材料這類真實語言活動的過程中，遇到生詞本屬正常，但是我們并不是每次遇到生詞就一定要查字典。正確理解。掌握所讀材料中單詞或短語的含義是理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)，在閱讀中根據(jù)選材，背景和上下文提示等線索推測出生詞詞義也是真實語言活動中的一項重要技巧。因為文章中的任何單詞和句子在內(nèi)容上都不是孤立的，都與其所在的句子、段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。因此，應(yīng)該利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進行符合邏輯的分析，并依此來猜測詞義或者句意。猜測詞義題，要求考生不但要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。此類題型有逐漸增加的趨勢，尤其是猜測詞組、句意題。因為猜測詞組、句意題涉及題材背景、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、文章主旨、作者的觀點態(tài)度等。聯(lián)系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類題的關(guān)鍵。近幾年閱讀理解的生詞率略有上升，加大了猜測難度。命題者著重考查考生利用同義或反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、語法和語篇文脈等理解生詞的能力。常見的設(shè)問方式有：Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standfor?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”referto/mean?Theunderlinedword“...”canbereplacedby_______.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlined?Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it/them"inParagraph...referto?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword"..."“...”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas......考向1：通過構(gòu)詞法來猜詞利用熟詞的新詞性猜測詞義，前綴只改變詞義，后綴只改變詞性。根據(jù)前綴、后綴，合成及詞性轉(zhuǎn)換猜測詞義。高考英語閱讀理解中的猜測詞義題主要集中在派生和合成兩種形式上，對猜測的詞義可帶入句子進行驗證，看是否符合語境，從而推測出答案。例1.MostpeoplewhoeintocontactwiththeSalmonellabacteriawillexperiencediarrhea(腹瀉),fever,andstomachcramp.Childrenareparticularlyaffected—oneinthreesickpeoplearebelowtheageoffive,whichisintelligiblegiventheirweakerimmunesystemsandnaturalloveforthebirds.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intelligible”probablymeaninparagraph4?A．Understandable. B．Irresistible. C．Unavoidable. D．Controversial.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前“Childrenareparticularlyaffectedoneinthreesickpeoplearebelowtheageoffive(兒童受到的影響尤其嚴(yán)重——三分之一的病人年齡在五歲以下)”可知，兒童受影響最嚴(yán)重。而根據(jù)劃線詞后“giventheirweakerimmune(免疫)systemsandnaturalloveforthebirds.(鑒于他們較弱的免疫系統(tǒng)和對鳥類的自然愛護)”給出了兒童受影響最嚴(yán)重的原因。這些原因使這種現(xiàn)象易于理解了，故畫線詞意思是“易于理解的”。A.Understandable.易于理解的；B.Irresistible.嫉妒誘人的；C.Unavoidable.不可避免的；D.Controversial.有爭議的；故選A。考向2：通過定義來猜詞，簡稱“定義法”本技巧特別是新聞報道及科普類說明文中，生詞后面往往用thatis,mean,standfor,namely,referto,inotherwords等或破折號、冒號引出說明性的內(nèi)容,有時也用同位語從句、定語從句進行解釋說明。例2：Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit. B.Argue.C.Remember. D.Remark.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個調(diào)查的目標(biāo)人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認(rèn)為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調(diào)查中，他們應(yīng)該是承認(rèn)了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認(rèn)”。故選A項。考向3：通過同位關(guān)系來猜詞，簡稱“同義法”構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間通常用連接詞連接，有時也使用逗號、破折號、冒號、分號、括號或同位語。常用的信息詞或表達(dá)有：or,similarly,also,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say等。例3：Over5,000years’worthofsamples,nospecieslosswasdetected.Thesefindingssuggestthatcontrarytomonbelief,theAmazonisnotuntouchedbyhumans,butratherhasbeenprotectedbythemforthousandsofyears.Themanagementoftherainforestbynativepeoplesappearstohavebeenvitalinpreservingitsbiodiversityandwillcontinuetobeimportantinthefighttopreventitfromacollapse.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapse”meaninParagraph4?A．Suddendecrease. B．Badmanagement.C．Poorpreservation. D．Overdevelopment.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句子“Themanagementoftherainforestbynativepeoplesappearstohavebeenvitalinpreservingitsbiodiversityandwillcontinuetobeimportantinthefighttopreventitfromacollapse.(土著人對雨林的管理好像對保護其生物多樣性至關(guān)重要，并且會繼續(xù)在阻止雨林collapse的戰(zhàn)斗中起著重要作用)”可知，土著人對雨林的管理對雨林是有好處的，而collapse指的是雨林會發(fā)生的壞事，故推測collapse與A項“suddendecrease(突然的減少)”詞義相同。故選A項。考向4：通過轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ葋聿略~，簡稱“反義法”利用反義詞推測生詞的意義。如果一個句子或段落中有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比的描述，可以根據(jù)畫線詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞主要有but,however,otherwise,though等；表示對比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語有while,incontrast,unlike,ontheotherhand等。例4：GrowingupinasmalltowninWisconsin,hewastoldthathewas“toosmallandnotbigenough”toeverplayprofessionalfootball.“There’snoway”,theysaid.Insteadoflettingtheremarksofothersdiminishhim,heusedthemtoinspirehimself.:4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”inParagraph4mean?A．Abuse. B．Discourage. C．Praise. D．Boycott.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Insteadoflettingtheremarksofothersdiminishhim,heusedthemtoinspirehimself.”（他沒有讓別人的評論貶低他，而是用它們激勵自己。）可知，劃線詞diminish應(yīng)該與inspire為相反之意，應(yīng)該是“貶低”的意思，故選B。考向:5：通過因果關(guān)系來猜詞在句子段落中，若兩個事物，兩個現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這樣邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義，即由果推因。表示因果關(guān)系的詞有because,since,sothat,so/such...that…,therefore等。例5：However,theMetropolitanPoliceofficer,whowasdressedinagorilla(大猩猩)suit,hadagoodreasonforhisslowness.Hehadpletedthe26.2milesonallfourstoraisefundstohelpgorillaconservationeffortsinAfrica.The41yearoldwhospentanaverage8—10hoursonhishandsandknees,coveredabout4.5mileseachdaybeforecrashingathisfriend'shouseforthenight.Topreventhiskneesfromblistering(起泡),heswappedbetweenhandsandkneesintoloping(大步跑)alongonhandsandfeetandtookbreaksevery100to200meters.Butthearduouscrawlwaswellworthit.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arduous”meaninparagraph2?A．Difficult. B．Funny.C．Harmful. D．Attractive.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文描述“Topreventhiskneesfromblistering(起泡),heswappedbetweenhandsandkneesintoloping(大步跑)alongonhandsandfeetandtookbreaksevery100to200meters.”(為了保護他的膝蓋不起泡，他雙手和膝蓋交換使用。用手和腳大步走，每100200米休息一次。)可知，TomHarrison在爬行過程中，整個過程是非常艱辛而乏味的，與選項A“Difficult”(困難的)符合，B.Funny有趣的；C.Harmful有害的；D.Attractive有吸引力的。故選A。考向6：通過代詞來猜詞代詞所指代的內(nèi)容多在這一句的前、后句中(特別是前句)，或者前幾個句子中。找到指代的內(nèi)容后，把它放在代詞的位置上，看一看這句話是否合理，與前后的內(nèi)容是否一致，然后再判斷它是否為正確答案。例6：“Ithoughtthemedicalfieldwasn'tforme.Then,mymomgotsickandIhadalltheexperiencegoinginandoutofthehospital,”EdinatoldGoodMorningAmerica.“Whenmymompassedaway,Ithought,‘Iwanttodothis.’”shesaid.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?A．Leavingthehospital B．WorkingasanurseC．Facingdeathpositively D．CaringforEdina'smother詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段劃線詞前文“Ithoughtthemedicalfieldwasn'tforme.Then,mymomgotsickandIhadalltheexperiencegoinginandoutofthehospital,(我以為醫(yī)學(xué)不適合我。然后，我媽媽生病了，我有了進出醫(yī)院的所有經(jīng)驗，)”可知，Edina在她媽媽去世的時候她想做護士。所以this指代的是“做護士”。故選B。“What'shappeningisabigconcern.”saidTimKeyfromtheUniversityofOxford.“Onabroadlevelyoucansayitisbadfortheenvironment.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto?A．Eatinghugeamountsofmeat.B．Increasingcarbonemissionsintheair.C．Reducingdiversityofplants.D．Riskingdevelopingcancer.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Anewanalysissuggeststhatmeatconsumptionissettoclimbsharplyastheworldpopulationincreasesalongwithaverageindividualines.（一項新的分析表明，隨著世界人口的增加和個人平均收入的增加，肉類消費量將大幅攀升）”中的meatconsumptionissettoclimbsharply可知，第三段中的it指代的是“不斷上升的肉類消耗量”，即不斷上升的肉類消耗量對環(huán)境是有害的。A項“吃大量的肉”符合題意。故選A項。考向7：通過上下文語境來猜詞，尤其注意上下句的過渡連詞通讀上下文，根據(jù)上下文的語句就近原則猜詞詞義。Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWorldNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththemongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.7.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“charts”inparagraph2?A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“afilm”可知，本句主語是一部電影，下文“thebirthoftheWorldNetwork(世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)的誕生)”解釋了這部電影的主旨。由此推知，劃線詞charts意為“記錄、描繪”，與“records”意思一致。故選A項。解題技巧：就近原則通過構(gòu)詞法猜生詞代詞指代通過上下文單復(fù)數(shù)猜詞通過并列連詞猜近反義詞說明文科技環(huán)保類：保護動物，太空探索，宇宙探測，基因技術(shù)，新冠防控議論文社會現(xiàn)象類：面部識別技術(shù)是否廣泛應(yīng)用，擺脫拖延癥的方法記敘文：正能量故事第一組（2021·新高考I卷·C篇）話題：本文為說明文，講述了美國為了保護“水禽”頒布了一項政策難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadesto

decimate

alargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory（遷徙的）waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N."Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.3.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【答案】ACDA【解析】本文為說明文，講述了美國為了保護“水禽”頒布了一項政策，狩獵者需要購買相關(guān)水禽類郵票，然后政府把售賣所得款撥給候鳥保護基金組織。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息NorthAmerica以及decline定位到第一段：Millionsofwaterfowlwerekilledat…

Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredried…

greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.分析可知，數(shù)百萬的水禽被獵人和野心過大的運動員給殺害了。而數(shù)百萬英畝的濕地被開墾以喂養(yǎng)和容納日益增長的人口，而這大大減少了水禽的棲息地。可知，濕地流失是導(dǎo)致水禽數(shù)量減少的原因。故選A。2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干信息firstparagraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.根據(jù)Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此處與前文

"takencareof"

形成對比，故此處應(yīng)表示

"損害、毀壞"

。原文譯為：不幸地是，這些探險者和定居者只花了幾十年的時間就毀掉了這些資源的很大一部分。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息in1934定位到第二、三段。分析可知，第二段是在說明在頒布了這個法令之后，16歲或者超過16歲以上的水禽捕獵者必須每年購買并攜帶聯(lián)邦鴨票，而第三段則提及了大約98%的鴨子郵票的錢都是直接被用于購買保護濕地。因此D選項,政府可以籌集錢，符合題意。故選D。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文分析可知，首先作者先提出了濕地的破壞導(dǎo)致了水禽數(shù)量的下降，而后政府則通過發(fā)行聯(lián)邦鴨票籌集資金，用于保護濕地，是史上最成功的保護項目之一。因此A選項，聯(lián)邦鴨票的故事符合題意。故選A。第二組話題：這是一篇說明文，介紹了空間探索領(lǐng)域取得了巨大的進展難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘Inthepastfewdecades,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinthefieldofspaceexploration,whichhasenabledmankindtohaveadeeperunderstandingoftheSolarSystem,ourplaceinitandintheuniverse.“Wesentprobes(探測器)toeveryplanetintheSolarSystem.Thisisbyfarthebestone,”saidClayton,vicepresidentofBlueOrigin.“Let'sfocusrightnowonprotectingtheEarthenvironment,andthenwe'llgofromthere.Spacescienceandtechnologyshouldbepeoplecentricandapplicationcentric,andfocusonimprovinghumanlife.WeneedtohaveastrongfootingontheEarth,learntosolvethedaytodayproblemsofthesociety.”“Spacetechnologycanhelpachievethe17sustainabledevelopmentgoalstobeachievedby2030setbytheUnitedNations.Satellitemonitoringcanreallyhelpwithagriculture.”saidVictoria,CEOofapanyworkingonsustainabledevelopment,“ThroughGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem,animals'movementinformationrecordedonselfrechargingdevicescanbetransmittedtothepanyserver.Farmerscanbealertedinrealtimeifanomalies(異常現(xiàn)象）aredetected.Wecanuseittoensurethetraceabilityoftheentiremeatchain.Asaresult,itenablesconsumerstoknowthatthebeeftheyareeatingdoesnotefromprotectedareasorthecattledon'tcontributetodeforestation.”Asearlyas2007,MichaelGriffin,formerAdministratorofNASA,putforwardtheconceptofthe“spaceeconomy”inaspeech.Heisveryoptimisticaboutthemarketprospectofmercialspaceandsaid,“Accordingtothelatestdata,theglobalspaceindustrycouldreach$1trillionin2040,upfrom$378billioncurrently.Ibelievemorebusinessmodelsandspaceactivitieswillbecreatedinthefuturetoachievetheeconomicscaleof$1trillion.”Asanentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者）herself,Victoriathinksthethrivingspacemarketwillbringcountlessopportunitiesforentrepreneurs.ShementionedfuturesettlementsonMarsorontheMoon.“IfwearegoingtodevelopanewsocietyoutsidetheEarth,wewillneedalltypesofapplicationsandalltypesofstartups.ButingbacktotheEarth,therearesomanyproblemsthatneedtobesolved,andspacetechnologycanreallyhelpwiththat.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph1referto?A.Asuccessfulspaceexploration.B.Aprobesenttootherplanets.C.Theplanetpeoplearelivingonnow.D.Thesolarsystempeopleareexploring.2.InClayton'sopinion,whatshouldbethefirstconcernaboutspacetechnology?A.Providingmorefinancialsupport.B.Improvingpeople'slifeonearth.C.Sendingmoreprobesintheuniverse.D.Thedevelopmentofrelatedtechnology.3.HowdoesVictoriasupportherstatementaboutsatellitemonitoringinParagraph2?A.Bymakingreasoning.B.Byprovidingaccuratefigures.C.Bymakingparison.D.Byillustratingfromdifferentaspects.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Necessitiesofspaceexploration.B.Breakthroughsinspaceexploration.C.Possibleapplicationofspacetechnology.D.Controversialissuesaboutspacetechnology.【答案】CBDC【解析】這是一篇說明文，在過去的幾十年里，空間探索領(lǐng)域取得了巨大的進展，空間技術(shù)也會在各個領(lǐng)域起到很大的作用。1.指代猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Let'sfocusrightnowonprotectingtheEarthenvironment,andthenwe'llgofromthere.”（讓我們現(xiàn)在關(guān)注保護地球環(huán)境，然后我們會從那里開始。）可知，此處是指地球是目前為止最好的一個，所以我們要保護地球環(huán)境。所以this是指我們現(xiàn)在所居住的星球。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第五句“Spacescienceandtechnologyshouldbepeoplecentricandapplicationcentric,andfocusonimprovinghumanlife.”（空間科學(xué)技術(shù)要堅持以人為本、以應(yīng)用為中心，以改善人類生活為中心。）可知，在克萊頓看來，空間技術(shù)應(yīng)該首先關(guān)注改善人類生活。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Spacetechnologycanhelpachievethe17sustainabledevelopmentgoalstobeachievedby2030setbytheUnitedNations.”（空間技術(shù)可以幫助實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國設(shè)定的到2030年要實現(xiàn)的17個可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。）可知，Victoria認(rèn)為空間技術(shù)可以幫助實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國設(shè)定的到2030年要實現(xiàn)的17個可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Satellitemonitoringcanreallyhelpwithagriculture.”（衛(wèi)星監(jiān)測真的可以幫助農(nóng)業(yè)。）和最后一句“Asaresult,itenablesconsumerstoknowthatthebeeftheyareeatingdoesnotefromprotectedareasorthecattledon'tcontributetodeforestation.”（因此，它使消費者知道他們吃的牛肉不是來自保護區(qū)，或者牛沒有促進森林砍伐。）可知，Victoria通過說明衛(wèi)星監(jiān)測幫助農(nóng)業(yè)和環(huán)保方面來佐證自己的觀點。故選D。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Spacetechnologycanhelpachievethe17sustainabledevelopmentgoalstobeachievedby2030setbytheUnitedNations.”（空間技術(shù)可以幫助實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國設(shè)定的到2030年要實現(xiàn)的17個可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。），第三段第一句Asearlyas2007,MichaelGriffin,formerAdministratorofNASA,putforwardtheconceptofthe“spaceeconomy”inaspeech.（早在2007年，美國國家航空航天局前局長MichaelGriffin就在一次演講中提出了“空間經(jīng)濟”的概念。）；第四段第一句“Asanentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者）herself,Victoriathinksthethrivingspacemarketwillbringcountlessopportunitiesforentrepreneurs.”（作為一名企業(yè)家，維多利亞認(rèn)為蓬勃發(fā)展的太空市場將為企業(yè)家?guī)頍o數(shù)的機會。）可知，文章主要是講太空技術(shù)可能的應(yīng)用。故選C。第三組話題：這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了如今日益受到關(guān)注的基因技術(shù)難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopicdiscussedbypeople.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifgenetechnologyisapplied,notonlythesetwodiseasescanbecuredpletely,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,soitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespancanbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheBritishroyalfamilybeingagoodexample,havehereditarydiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Scientistsjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtomanufacturehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloningasheep,sothesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbecloned.ButIbelieveclonedbabieswillnoteoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinthenormalway.Ofcourse,thegovernmentmusttakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthesecondparagraphreferto?A．Peoplewithcancerorheartdisease. B．Millionsofpeoplewithseriousdiseases.C．Somediseasesdoctorscandonothingwith. D．Thetwoillnessesofcancerandheartdisease.12．WhatcangenetechnologydoaccordingtoParagraph3?A．ItcanhelptheBritishroyalfamilyout. B．Itcanbeusedtoclonehumanbabies.C．Itcanhelppeopletogivebirthtoababy. D．Itcancurehereditarydiseases.13．Whatarepeopleworriedaboutaccordingtothepassage?A．Humanbabiesmaybeclonedinlargequantities. B．Healthyhumanbabieswillsoonbecloned.C．Scientistsmayfindthewronggenes. D．Thegovernmentmaynotcontrolgenetechnology.14．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage______.A．GeneTechnologyWillBenefitPeople B．GeneTechnologyWillDoHarmAsWellC．GeneTechnologyIsAHotTopic D．GeneTechnologyIsGrowingFast【答案】11．D12．D13．A14．A【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了如今日益受到關(guān)注的基因技術(shù)，詳細(xì)及說明了基因技術(shù)能做的最偉大的事情，它可以用來治療嚴(yán)重的疾病，幫助人們生下更健康、更聰明的孩子，但是人們也提出了一些對此的擔(dān)憂。11．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocure”可知基因技術(shù)能做的最偉大的事情，就是治愈一些目前醫(yī)生幾乎無能為力的嚴(yán)重疾病，比如癌癥和心臟病。每年都有數(shù)百萬人被這兩個殺手殺害。到目前為止，醫(yī)生們還沒有找到治療癌癥和心臟病這兩種疾病的有效治療方法。故them指的是“癌癥和心臟病這兩種疾病”。故選D。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.”可知在過去，醫(yī)生對遺傳病無能為力。但是基因技術(shù)可以完美地解決這個問題。由此可知，基因技術(shù)可以治療遺傳病。故選D。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtomanufacturehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloningasheep,sothesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbecloned.”可知有些人擔(dān)心基因研究可以用來大量制造人類。在過去的幾年里，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)成功克隆了一只羊，所以這些人預(yù)測人類嬰兒將很快被克隆。由此可知，人們擔(dān)心人類嬰兒會被大量克隆。故選A。14．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopicdiscussedbypeople.”可知在所有快速發(fā)展的科學(xué)技術(shù)中，人類基因的研究，或人們所說的生物工程，現(xiàn)在越來越受到關(guān)注。有時它是人們討論的熱門話題。結(jié)合本文介紹了如今日益受到關(guān)注的基因技術(shù)，詳細(xì)講述了基因技術(shù)能做的最偉大的事情，它可以用來治療嚴(yán)重的疾病，幫助人們生下更健康、更聰明的孩子，但是人們也提出了一些對此的擔(dān)憂。由此可知，A選項“基因技術(shù)將造福人類”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第四組話題：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了金星為人們提供的行星探索的有利條件和不利條件。難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘Dostarsonlyappearatnight?Theanswerisno.Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime.ItshoneatitsbrightestinthenightskyonFeb17thisyear.Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun.Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky.Whyisitsobright?Firstofall,Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth.Itisalsocoveredbyhighlyreflective(反射的)clouds,whichcanreflectabout70percentofthesunlightstriking(照射)it,almosttwiceasmuchastheearthdoes.Somepeoplecall2017theyearofVenus,becausetheplanetisatitsbrightesttwicethisyear.Venusgetsbrighterwhenitgoesfurtherawayfromthesun,andnearertotheearth.ThebrightestmomenthappenedonceinFebruary,andwillhappenagain,duringdaylight,onApril30.IfVenusissobrightandclosetous,isn’titabetterchoiceforhumanexploration(探索)thanMars?ItisclosertotheearththanMarsandit’sclosertotheearthinsize.Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpower(太陽能)wouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell.However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!Butscientistsnevergiveup.Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenuslikeconditions(環(huán)境)foralmost22days.Thenextstep,accordingtothescientists,istosendaprobe(探測器)toVenusby2025.1．WhichofthefollowingaboutVenusisNOTtrue?A．It’stheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaylight. B．It’sthesecondplanetfromthesun.C．It’sthebrightestnaturalobjectinthenightsky. D．It’stheclosestplanettotheearth.2．Theunderlinedword“generate”issimilarinmeaningtotheword“________”.A．heat B．produce C．spread D．form3．WhatmakesVenusaworseplaceforhumanexplorationthanMars?A．Thecloserdistancetotheearth. B．Thesimilarsizetotheearth.C．Toomuchsolarpowertouse. D．Theextremelyhightemperature.4．Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,thenewputerequipment________.a.wascreatedbysomeUKscientistsb.canstandtemperaturesof480℃c.canworkforabout22daysonVenusd.willbesenttoVenusby2025A．a(chǎn)b B．bc C．cd D．Ad1．C2．D3．D4．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了金星為何特別亮的原因以及金星為人們提供的行星探索的有利條件和不利條件。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A選項：它是唯一能在白天看到的星星。根據(jù)“Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime”可知，選項正確；B選項：它是太陽第二顆行星。根據(jù)“Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun”可知，選項正確；C選項：它是夜空中最明亮的自然物體。根據(jù)“Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky”可知，選項錯誤；D選項：它是距地球最近的行星。根據(jù)“Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth”可知，選項正確。故選C。2．詞句猜測題。heat把……加熱；produce生產(chǎn)；spread傳播；form形成，產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)“Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpowerwouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell”可知，此處意為“離太陽越近，太陽能就越容易產(chǎn)生”，故此處的generate意為“產(chǎn)生，形成”與D選項“form”同義。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!”可知，導(dǎo)致人們不能探索金星的原因是金星有著極高的溫度。故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenuslikeconditionsforalmost22days.”可知，這臺新型計算機設(shè)備是美國航天局以及俄羅斯科學(xué)家聯(lián)合發(fā)明的，它可以承受480℃的高溫，并能在類似于金星的條件下工作近22天，因此a錯誤，b、c正確；根據(jù)“istosendaprobe(探測器)toVenusby2025”可知，2025年被發(fā)送到金星的是探測器，并不是這臺新型計算機設(shè)備，故d錯誤。故選B。第五組話題：本文是新聞報道，介紹了澳大利亞科學(xué)家為研發(fā)新型冠狀病毒疫苗對羊駝所做的研究。難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘Ifyou’veeverseenanalpaca(羊駝),youmightjustthinkthey’refuzzyandcute.Now,itlooksliketheseanimalsmightbeabletohelpscientistsfindavaccine(疫苗)forCOVID19.Australianscientistsarestudyingalpacas.Theseanimalshaveauniqueimmuneresponse(免疫反應(yīng)).Scientistsusedtousethemtodoresearchonviruses(病毒)likeHIV.Nowtheyhavefoundthatwhenalpacasareinfected(感染)withCOVID19,theirbodiesreactinaspecialway.“Alpacasandanimalslikethem(suchascamels)actuallycreatetwodifferenttypesofantibodies(抗體).Oneissimilartothetypewe(humans)make,buttheyalsocreatethesethingscallednanobodies(納米抗體),”saidMichaelJames,aresearcherwhotookpartinthestudy.ThealpacasproducedthesenanobodiesafterresearchersputaCOVID19viralspikeprotein(棘突蛋白)intotheirbodies.ItisthisproteinthatallowsCOVID19toinfectourcells(細(xì)胞).Thenanobodies,however,stopinfectionfromhappeningbyblocking(阻隔)theprotein.Youcanthinkofourcellsas“l(fā)ocks”—andtheviralspikeproteinasa“key”.Jamessaidthenanobodiesplugupthe“l(fā)ock”sothatthe“key”cannotgetin.Althoughtheresultslookgoodsofar,itwilltakesometimetoproduceavaccinebasedonthefindings.Thenanobodiesrequirefarmoreresearchtomakesuretheyarebotheffectiveandsafe.Sincethenanobodiesarenew,theymustbetestedverystrictlyinalaboratorybeforetheycanbetriedonhumans,accordingtoJames.10．Whyarescientistsstudyingalpacas?A．TohelpwithresearchonHIV. B．TodevelopavaccineforCOVID19.C．ToinventeffectivemedicinesforHIV. D．TotestnewmedicinesforCOVID19.11．Whatistheroleofnanobodies?A．Protectingcellsfrominfection. B．Producingviralspikeproteins.C．Infectingbodycells. D．Killingviruses.12．WhatareParagraphs34about?A．Howanimalscreateantibodies. B．Howalpacas’bodiesreacttoviruses.C．HowalpacasgetinfectedwithCOVID19. D．Howanimalsprotectthemselvesfromdanger.13．Whatdoesthephrase“plugup”mean?A．a(chǎn)dd B．connect C．fill D．start14．Whatdoweknowfromthestory?A．Theresearchonnanobodiesusesaspecialmethod.B．Theresearchonnanobodieshasn’tgonewell.C．Thenanobodieshavebeentriedonhumans.D．Thenanobodieswillcontinuetobetested.10．B11．A12．B13．C14．D【分析】本文是新聞報道，介紹了澳大利亞科學(xué)家為研發(fā)新型冠狀病毒疫苗對羊駝所做的研究。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Now,itlooksliketheseanimalsmightbeabletohelpscientistsfindavaccineforCOVID19”，可知羊駝用于研發(fā)新型冠狀病毒疫苗；TodevelopavaccineforCOVID19符合題意，故選B。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thenanobodies,however,stopinfectionfromhappeningbyblockingtheprotein”，可知納米抗體能保護細(xì)胞免受感染，故選A。12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“ThealpacasproducedthesenanobodiesafterresearchersputaCOVID19viralspikeproteinintotheirbodies”，結(jié)合第二段“NowtheyhavefoundthatwhenalpacasareinfectedwithCOVID19,theirbodiesreactinaspecialway”，可知三、四兩段講了科學(xué)家把病毒放入羊駝體內(nèi)后，羊駝的身體是如何防御病毒的；Howalpacas’bodiesreacttoviruses符合題意，故選B。13．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“sothatthe‘key’cannotgetin”可知，是棘突蛋白這把“鑰匙”被堵住了，fill符合語境，故選C。第六組話題：這是一篇議論文。文章講述了一些擺脫拖延癥的方法。難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘Let’sfaceit.You’relikelyreadingthisarticleinanefforttoavoidsomeothertasksyou’reprocrastinating(拖延)tolearnhowtostopprocrastination,butthec