專題12閱讀理解（含七選五）一Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAoveringthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerseandreallydoaninpersonreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.【文章大意】本文介紹了美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH計劃。參與這個計劃的高中生制作供美國國家航空航天局使用的產品，此計劃的目的是把航天技術與學校教育結合起來，把空間技術帶進課堂，與學校教育相結合，這項計劃實施結果會影響到學生的生活和大學的錄取。1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。題干：關于國際空間站的細菌，我們知道什么？根據“bacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation”，將答案定位在第一段的第二句：Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.（來自我們身體的微生物肆虐地在空間站的表面生長，宇航員每周花費好幾個小時來清理他們。）選項A符合文意。2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacherstudentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’municationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.【答案】D【解析】細節理解題。題干：HUNCH項目的目的是什么？根據第二段第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”（設計HUNCH這個項目是為了將高中教育同NASA工程師連接起來）。選項D符合文意。3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.GuideprojectdesignsC.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。題干：NASA工程師會為參加該項目的學生做什么？根據“engineers”將答案定位在兩處：“Engineerseandreallydoaninpersonreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”和“…hisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.”第一處工程師是主語；第二處學生是主語。題干問的是工程師做什么（即工程師是工作的施行者），所以答案應該在第一處，“工程師會過來親自審查，而且有時候搞得很不愉快，這可是真正的商業產品檢驗呢”。A選項符合文意。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.C.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom.D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform.【答案】B【解析】文章主旨題。題干：對本文最切題的標題應該是？本文核心內容是美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH計劃將航天技術與學校教育結合起來。只有B選項出現了航天相關詞匯（space）和教育相關詞匯（homework），故選B。二We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeunfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavepromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤滑劑)forsocialmunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwellbeingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。在當今社會，人們在公共場合或沉迷于智能手機，或掙扎于不舒服的沉默，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當的交談閑聊的，閑聊是人際關系社會交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。1.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Impatiencewithslowservice.C.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.D.Absenceofmunicationbetweenstrangers.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。題干：第一段描述了什么樣的現象？第一段第一句“We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeunfortablesilence.”不管是在電梯里，在銀行排隊的時候，還是在飛機上，我們以及我們身邊的人都深陷于手機的世界里，或者更糟糕的是，掙扎于不舒服的沉默。D選項（陌生人之間沒有溝通交流）最符合文意。2.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Focusingonatopic.C.Relatingtootherpeople.D.Makingbusinessdeals.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。題干：Carducci認為，對于成功的閑聊，最重要的是什么？根據“successfulsmalltalk”將答案定位在第二段最后一句：Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem（成功閑聊的關鍵是，要學會如何同他人建立聯系，不僅僅是和他們交流）。C選項符合文意。3.Whatdoesthecoffeeshopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。題干：關于閑聊，在咖啡廳的一次調研說明了什么？根據“coffeeshopstudy”和“suggest”，將答案定位在第三段的第三句“Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.”調研結果顯示，那些在咖啡廳同服務員閑聊的人產生更積極向上的情緒，咖啡廳里的體驗也更好。選項B符合文意。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsofSmallTalkB.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.ConversationCountsD.UnfortableSilence【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。題干：以下哪個標題最符合本文？快速瀏覽全文，幾乎每段都提到了smalltalks，而且都是講smalltalks的好處。故選A。三DearAlfred，Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150at17,I’manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADIID(注意力缺陷多動障礙).Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbeeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousabouttheputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IpletedtheseniorcourseofputerBasics,plusfiverelevantprecollegecourses.WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlineputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,I’mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinselfwrittennotesfromyourvideo.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mypetitors.Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI’mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.Yours,Tanis【文章大意】本文是一篇感謝信，屬應用文。作者雖然患有ADHD，不能正常讀大學；但通過參加Alfred的網絡課程，作者獲得了知識、工作與自信，因此，寫信表達感激之情！1.whydidn’tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?A.ShehadlearnedenoughaboutputerscienceB.ShehadmoredifficultykeepingfocusedC.ShepreferredtakingonlinecoursesD.Shewastooslowtolearn【答案】B【解析】細節理解題。題干：為什么塔尼斯高中畢業后沒有上大學？由關鍵詞“college”可將信息定位至第四段的第二句：“mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t”，意思是，作者的疾病注意力缺陷多動障礙加重了，高中畢業之后想上大學，卻不能上。通過該疾病的名稱可知B項正確。2.Asfortheworkingenvironment,Tainsprefers____.A.workingbyherselfB.dealingwiththepublicC.petingagainstothersD.stayingwithADHDstudents【答案】A【解析】細節理解題。題干：關于工作環境，Tains更喜歡___。根據關鍵詞“workingenvironment”將信息定位至倒數第三段的第一句“Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.”（去年，我全心全意尋找工作，一份不需要同外界打交道，可以獨自開展，卻仍有個團隊可以交流的工作。）由此可知作者不想處理復雜的人際關系，喜歡獨自工作。所以至于工作環境，塔尼斯更喜歡獨自工作。故選A項。3.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto_____.A.explainwhyshewasinterestedintheputerB.sharetheideasshehadforherprofessionC.showhowgratefulshewastothecenterD.describethecoursesshehadtakensofar【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。題干：Tanis寫這封信的目的是___。根據倒數第二段“Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart”（謝謝您，是您給了我希望，讓我可以追隨我的心），以及最后一段“Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.”（您拯救了我的生命）可知，C選項符合文意。四MusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:2412742.http://.cityopera.ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call7231182formoreinformation.http://.chamberorch.SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call3813300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallinsummeratRiverbend.http://./home.asp.CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthemaincampus(校園)oftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewellknownLaSalleQuartet,CCM’sPhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.StudentswithI.D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat5564183.http://./events/calendar.RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:2326220.http://.riverbendmusic.【文章大意】文章是一篇廣告類短文。共介紹了五個與音樂有關的活動，包括舉辦的地點，舉辦時間，活動內容和聯系方式等。1.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoseeanopera?A.2412742.B.7231182.C.3813300.D.2326220.【答案】A【解析】細節理解題。題干：如果你想看歌劇，打哪個電話？關鍵詞“opera”將信息定位至第一段，可直接找到電話號碼2412742。故選A2.WhencanyougotoaconcertbyChamberOrchestra?A.February.B.May.C.August.D.November.【答案】B【解析】細節理解題。題干：什么時間可以看室內樂隊音樂會（concertbyChamberOrchestra）。關鍵詞“ChamberOrchestra”將信息定位至第二段。從中找到時間詞“MarchthroughJune”（3月到6月）。故選B。3.WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirI.D.cards?A.MusicHall.B.MemorialHall.C.PatriciaCobbettTheater.D.RiverbendMusicTheater.【答案】C【解析】細節理解題。題干：學生拿著自己的ID卡可以去哪里看免費演出？由關鍵詞“I.D.cards”將信息定位至第四個活動。本段出現兩個地點“maincampus”和“PatriciaCobbettTheater”。故選C。4.HowisRiverbendMusicTheaterdifferentfromtheotherplaces?A.Ithasseatsintheopenair.B.Itgivesshowsallyearround.C.Itoffersmembershipdiscounts.D.Itpresentsfamousmusicalworks.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。題干：RiverbendMusicTheater同其他地點有什么不同？根據RiverbendMusicTheater定位到最后一個活動，根據“Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover”可知，RiverbendMusicTheater是一個露天劇院。A項符合文意。五A15yearoldgirlwrotetomeandaskedaboutfiguringoutwhattodowithherlife.Shewrote:“AsahighschoolstudentI’moftenbeingremindedtofigureoutwhattodowithmylife,whatjobIwouldliketohaveandsoon.Ifeelhugeamountsofpressurewhenmyteachersandparentstellmetofigureoutsomethingnow.I’myoungandIdon’twanttomakeamistakeandruinmyfuture.IknowwhatIlikeandwhatmyinterestsarebutwhenIreadaboutajobrelatedtothoseinterests,IfeelasifIwouldn’tenjoyitandIdon’tknowwhy.”Whatanextremelyhardthingtofigureout:whattodowithyourfuture!Now,Ican’treallytellthisyoungwomanwhattodo,butIcansharewhatI’velearnedlookingbackonmylife,andwhatIwouldtellmykids.Here’swhatI’dsay.Youcan’tfigureoutthefuture.Evenyoungpeoplewhohaveaplan(beadoctor,lawyer,researchscientist,singer)don’treallyknowwhatwillhappen.Lifedoesn’tgoaccordingtoplan,andwhileafewpeoplemightdoexactlywhattheysetouttodo,youneverknowifyou’reoneofthose.Otherthingsealongtochangeyou,tochangeyouropportunities,tochangetheworld.Soifyoucan’tfigureoutthefuture,whatdoyoudo?Don’tfocusonthefuture.Focusonwhatyoucandorightnowthatwillbegoodnomatterwhatthefuturebrings.Learnskills.Goonadventures.Makefriends.Thesethingswillhelpinthefuture.Learntobegoodwithtrouble.OneofthemostimportantskillsyoucandevelopisbeingOKwithtrouble.Thebestthingsinlifeareoftenhard,andifyourunawayfromdifficultyandtrouble,you’llmissout.You’llliveasafelife.Learningishard.Buildingsomethinggreatishard.Writingabookishard.Amarriageishard.Allareamazing.Ifyougetgoodatthis,youcandoanything.Youcanstartabusiness,whichyoucouldn’tifyou’reafraidoftrouble,becausestartingabusinessishardandunfortable.Howdoyougetgoodatthis?Dothingsnowthatareunfortableandhard,onpurpose.Butstartwithsmallthings.Tryexercisingforalittlebit,evenifit’shard,butjuststartwithafewminutesofit,andincreaseaminuteeveryfewdaysorso.Whenyoufindyourselfavoidingdisfort,pushyourselfjustalittlebitmore.【文章大意】本文就“怎樣才能過好自己的生活”給年輕人提出了一些很好的建議。作者認為不管未來會怎么樣,做好現在能做的是非常有益的。1.Thegirlwrotetothewriterforadviceabout______.A.howtostudyinschoolB.howtoliveherlifeC.whattodowithmistakesD.whattodowithpressure【答案】B【解析】細節理解題。題干：這個女孩給作者寫信，尋求關于什么的建議？根據關鍵詞“advice”，將信息定位至首段首句“A15yearoldgirlwrotetomeandaskedaboutfiguringoutwhattodowithherlife.”（一個15歲的女孩給我寫信，問該怎么生活）。由此可知選項B正確。2.Howdoesthegirllikeherfuturejob?A.Interesting.B.Sad.C.Uncertain.D.Hopeless.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。題干：這個女孩如何看待她將來的工作？根據關鍵詞組“futurejob”，將信息定位至“I’myoungandIdon’twanttomakeamistakeandruinmyfuture.IknowwhatIlikeandwhatmyinterestsarebutwhenIreadaboutajobrelatedtothoseinterests,IfeelasifIwouldn’tenjoyitandIdon’tknowwhy”（我還年輕，不想犯錯誤，不想毀了我的未來。我知道我喜歡什么,也知道自己的興趣所在,但是每次看到那些和我的興趣相關的工作時總感覺我不能享受那樣的工作,我也不知道為什么。）由此可知，這個女孩對未來的工作感到迷茫,故C項正確。3.Accordingtothewriter,thegirl’questionis______.A.fullofdreamsB.pletelywrongC.shortofthoughtsD.difficulttoanswer【答案】D【解析】細節理解題。題干：在作者看來，這個女孩的問題是___？引述完這個女孩兒的來信內容后，緊接著作者就說“Whatanextremelyhardthingtofigureout:whattodowithyourfuture!Now,Ican’treallytellthisyoungwomanwhattodo,butIcansharewhatI’velearnedlookingbackonmylife,andwhatIwouldtellmykids.”（回答怎么生活是一件非常難的事情。現在，我不能告訴年輕的姑娘該做什么，但我可以跟她分享一下，當我回頭看我自己的人生時，我會跟我的孩子們說些什么）。由此可判斷出答案D項正確。4.Whatyoungpeopleshoulddonowisto______.A.figureoutthefutureB.makeaplanforthefutureC.dosomethingtochangethemD.dowellinwhattheyaredoing【答案】D【解析】細節理解題。題干：現在年輕人應該做的是___？文章有兩處自問自答的句子，第一處提到“whatdoyoudo”，顯然和本題題干相符。后面的句子就是答案，“Don’tfocusonthefuture.Focusonwhatyoucandorightnowthatwillbegoodnomatterwhatthefuturebrings”（別糾結于你的未來了,專注于你現在能做好的事情,不管未來會怎么樣）。故選D。5.Thepassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.youngparentsB.youngworkersC.youngpeopleD.youngteachers【答案】C【解析】讀者對象題。題干：本文主要是寫給誰的？通讀全文可知,本文主要是寫給年輕人的一些建議:怎樣才能過好自己的生活。故答案C項正確。六Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious,asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(無手機恐懼癥)affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek，researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfoundthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore，shareandaccesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones，wordssuchas“hurt”(neckpainwasoftenreported)and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia.“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhenseparatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile，anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety？ProfessorMarkGriffiths，psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity，saysitiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout)．“WearetalkingaboutanInternet-connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives，”saysGriffiths.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.”Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”，itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheycan’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchatorInstagram，theybeepanic-strickenaboutnotknowingwhat’sgoingonsocially.“Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere’snoInternet，”saysGriffiths.【文章大意】本文為說明文。當今社會的許多人成了手機控，只要手機不在身邊就會出現無手機恐懼癥，會感到焦慮不安，好像失去了與世界的聯系。這是因為人們把智能手機當作存儲、分享和訪問他人、與朋友聯系的一種工具。1.WhichofthefollowingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith?A．Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones.B．Phoneshavebeepartofsomeusers.C．Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer.D．Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。題干：下面哪一條會是KimKiJoon博士的建議？根據關鍵詞語“DrKimKiJoon”，將信息定位至第二段第一句話“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhenseparatedfromtheirphones.”（KimKiJoon博士說，調查結果顯示，手機用戶將手機視為本我的延伸，并依賴于它們。同手機分開后，人們會感覺焦慮和不快）。由此可知，B選項符合文意。2.AccordingtoGriffiths,wegetnomophobiabecause.A．weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonusB．weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformationC．weworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoingD．wefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。題干：根據Griffiths的說法，我們得無手機恐懼癥的原因是什么？根據關鍵詞語“Griffiths”，將信息定位至第三、四、五段。因為定位范圍比較大，要重點看各段的首句和尾句，發現第三段的尾句是一個強調句“...itiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout)”（是手機里面的東西起著關鍵的作用—是社交網絡引起的“害怕錯過”這樣的情緒）。選項C符合該句意。3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage?A．Inaresearchreport.B．Inafashionbrochure.C．Inasciencetextbook.D．Inapopularsciencemagazine.【答案】D【解析】文章出處題。題干：這篇文章應該出自哪里？A研究報告；B時尚手冊；C科學課本；D科普雜志。本文主要講無手機恐懼癥，D選項切題。七WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeormunitygainedpetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理學家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearchersparedthemen’smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.Pointswereawardedforparttimejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandpetence—theunderpinnings(基礎)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardmongoals.Themostpetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”【文章大意】本文主要闡述了童年的工作經歷可以幫助人們在成年之后擁有更美好和健康的生活。1.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.B.Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.C.Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.D.Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.【答案】A【解析】細節理解題。題干：關于John，我們知道什么？本文第一段簡單介紹了一下John。主要內容是他小的時候除草、扔垃圾、送報紙等，但成年后比其他發小過得更幸福。A項符合文意。2.Vaillant’swordsinParagraph2serveas_____.A.adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesB.ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtopetenceC.anexampleforparents’expectationsoftheirchildrenD.anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen【答案】D【解析】判斷推理題。題干：Vaillant在第二段說的話起什么作用？重點看引出Vaillant講話前的內容：“Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot”（研究表明，那些小時候勞動過的人過得更幸福，工作能力也更強）。而Vaillant的講話內容是：“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeormunitygainedpetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety.Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”（主要內容是在家里或者社區有所貢獻的男孩子會自我感覺良好，其他人也會覺得他們好）。由此可見，Vaillant的講話是在對前面的調查結果做解釋。故選D3.Vaillant’steamobtainedtheirfindingsby_____.A.recordingtheboys’effortinschoolB.evaluatingthemen’smentalhealthC.paringdifferentsetsofscoresD.measuringthemen’sproblemsolvingability【答案】C【解析】細節理解題。題干：Vaillant團隊的調查結果是如何實現的？文中第三段介紹了研究過程：分別記錄下參與者在25歲、31歲and47歲時的心理健康分數和兒時活動分數，然后進行相互比較。C選項符合文意。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sharp”probablymeaninParagraph4?A.Quicktoreact.B.Havingathinedge.C.Clearanddefinite.D.suddenandrapid.【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。題干：第四段劃線的單詞“sharp”是什么意思？該詞后連續出現“twice”、“twotimes”和“16times”這樣表示比較倍數的詞組。由此可見，對比結果很明顯。A反應快；B薄邊緣；C清楚的，明顯的；D突然的，快速的。故選C。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.petentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.B.Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.C.Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.D.Independenceisthekeytoone’ssuccess.【答案】B【解析】判斷推理題。題干：從最后一段能推斷出什么？由于最后一段比較長，適合用排除法。A項說有能力的成年人懂得的愛比工作多，文中最后提到愛和工作一樣重要，排除A；B項說心理健康對成年的生活很關鍵，文中說童年的活動可以幫助孩子發展責任心、獨立能力，自信心和技能，而這些是心理健康的基礎，根據前面提到的兒時的活動對成年生活的影響，可以將心理健康和成年生活聯系起來，所以B項符合文意。八Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).Newbornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKIeindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughttheredbackedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyredbackedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神經系統的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.”Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”KIeindorferasks.”Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”【文章大意】一項新研究發現，一些雌鳥在幼鳥出殼前就教它們唱歌，雌鳥呼喚鳥蛋的次數越多，它們的幼鳥求食的呼叫聲跟雌鳥就越像；幼鳥的叫聲跟雌鳥越像，它們被喂食的食物就越多。1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“”.A.betheworstB.bethebestC.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。題干：第一段劃線的詞組是什么意思？仔細看劃線詞組附近的內容：“whenitestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoung