樂山市高中2022屆第一次調(diào)查研究考試英語(yǔ)（本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿分150分。考試時(shí)間120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.作答時(shí)，務(wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后面有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案B。1.Whatdoestheman'ssonwanttobe?A.Acalligrapher.B.Anartist.C.Awriter.2.Whenwillthewomanbeabletogethercar?A.Inthreehours.B.Rightnow.C.Thenextday.3.Whatisthewoman'skiddoingnow?A.Crying.B.Drinkingwater.C.Eatingbread.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Ataclothingstore.B.Atalaundry.C.Atatailor's.5.Whyisthemanunhappy?A.Hefailedthefinalexam.B.Hisfatherbrokehisword.C.Hehasnotimetoplaybasketball.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatcausedthetrafficjamprobably?A.Anaccident.B.Therushhour.C.Aconcert.7.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inacar.B.Onthephone.C.Onabus.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whowillgivealectureatthemeetingtomorrow?A.Thesalesmanager.B.Themarketingdirector.C.Theassistant.9.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Hewillfixthemarketingdirector'sputer.B.Hewillgotothe2ndfloortofindthesalesmanager.C.Hewillchecktheinternetofthesalesdepartment.聽第8段材料，回答第10至第12題。10.Howdidthewomanbookthemovietickets?A.Onthephone.B.OntheInternet.C.Fromtheticketoffice.11.WhenistheappointmentwiththeSmithsnow?A.At11：30am.B.At12：00pm.C.At2：00pm.12.Wherewillthespeakersgofirst?A.Tothecinema.B.Totherestaurant.C.Tothebookstore.聽第9段材料，回答第13至第16題。13.Whereisthediningroom?A.Besidethekitchen.B.Behindthelivingroom.C.Acrossthehall.14.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestaboutthekitchen?A.Thecooker.B.Thedishwasher.C.Themicrowave.15.Whatwillthesmallbedroombeusedas?A.Amusicroom.B.Anoffice.C.Astudyroom.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Roommates.C.Houseownerandrenter.聽第10段材料，回答第17至第20題。17.Whoreportedtherobberytothepolice?A.Passersbyonthestreet.B.Peopleintheoppositeshop.C.Someoneworkinginthebank.18.Whatdoesthemanlooklike?A.Strongwithlonghair.B.Shortwithlonghair.C.Tallwithshorthair.19.Whatwasthewomanwearing?A.Abrownjacketandbluetrousers.B.Ablackjacketandgreytrousers.C.Abluejacketandgreytrousers.20.Whichnumberisforpeopletocallthepolice?A.8847386.B.8847387.C.8847382.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AUniversalBeijingResortisawidelyexpectedthemeparkdestinationfeaturingseveralallnewattractions.Toensureasafe,secureandpleasantenvironment,pleaseobeythefollowingregulations.●FoodPolicy:UniversalBeijingResortoffersavarietyoffreshanddeliciousfoodoptionsatrestaurantsandstandsthroughouttheResort.However,werespectthatguestsmayneedtobringsomeoutsidefoodanddrinksforselfconsumption.ThefollowingfoodanddrinkswillnotbeallowedintotheResort(exceptformedical,infant,orspecialdietaryneeds):·Alcoholicbeverages(e.g.beer,spirits,etc.)·Foodsthatneedtobeheatedorprocessed(e.g.instantnoodles,coldfood,instanthotpot)·Foodanddrinksinglasscontainers(e.g.sodainglassbottles,etc.)●SecurityInspectionProcess:·Allbags,backpacksorpackagesarerequestedtobeinspectedaccordingtoapplicablelawsbeforeguestsenterUniversalBeijingResort.·Bags/containersmorethan56cm×36cm×23cmareprohibited.·PleasefollowtheinstructionsfromUniversalBeijingResortSecurityTeam.●TicketPolicy·ThereisnoadmissionticketrequiredforentrytoUniversalCityWalkBeijing,butUniversalStudiosBeijingisonlyaccessibletoguestswithadmissiontickets.Guestsunder16mustbeacpaniedbyaguestaged16orolder.ThemedParkTicket·OneDayDatedAdmissionValidonyourselecteddateonly·ValidatUniversalStudiosBeijingonlyFrom￥315UniversalExpress·Validonyourselecteddateonly·UniversalExpresspricemayvarydependingonthedateselection·Includesexpressaccesstoparticipatingrideandattraction,andpriorityseatingatselectedshows.·ValidatUniversalStudiosBeijingonlyFrom￥400·Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorencounteranemergency,pleaseconsultanonsiteteammember,ordialtheGuestServicesHotlinevia4008778899.1.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Tourguides. B.Tourists. C.SecurityGuards. D.Parents.2.WhichofthefollowingisagainsttheregulationsofUniversalBeijingResort?A.Buyingfoodfromthestands. B.Eatinghomemadecookies.C.Drinkingmilkfromglassbottles. D.Gettingluggageinspected.3.Whatdoweknowabouttheadmission?A.ThepriceofUniversalExpressisfixed. B.YouneedpayforentrytoUniversalCityWalk.C.A14yearoldboycanbuyticketandgoalone. D.Youshouldpayatleast￥400forexpressaccess.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了北京環(huán)球度假酒店為確保環(huán)境安全舒適，介紹了相關(guān)規(guī)定，希望游客遵守。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“UniversalBeijingResortisawidelyexpectedthemeparkdestinationfeaturingseveralallnewattractions.Toensureasafe,secureandpleasantenvironment,pleaseobeythefollowingregulations.”（北京環(huán)球影城是一個(gè)備受期待的主題公園，擁有多個(gè)全新的景點(diǎn)。為確保環(huán)境安全、舒適，請(qǐng)遵守以下規(guī)定。）可知，文章是寫給游客的，希望游客遵守規(guī)定。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FoodPolicy部分“ThefollowingfoodanddrinkswillnotbeallowedintotheResort”（以下食品和飲料不允許進(jìn)入度假村）以及“Foodanddrinksinglasscontainers”（玻璃容器中的食品和飲料）可知，帶入玻璃容器的食品和飲料是違反北京環(huán)球度假酒店規(guī)定的，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，“用玻璃瓶喝牛奶”符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中UniversalExpress部分“From￥400”（從400。元起）可知，如果想通過快速通道進(jìn)入環(huán)球度假區(qū)，至少需要支付400元。故選D項(xiàng)。BSongChunfangstillremembershisteacherYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice,”tellingthemtospeedupthepromotionofhybridriceinMadagascarbeforetheirtriptothecountryinOctober2020.YuanLongping,famousfordevelopingthefirsthighyieldhybridricestraincapableofeliminating(消滅)hungerforlargenumbersofpeople,diedoforganfailureat91onMay22,2021.InApril1979,YuanpresentedhispapertoaninternationalacademicconferenceonhybridriceinManila,sharingChina'sexperienceinhybridriceresearchwiththerestoftheworld.Overfourdecades,researchteamsworkingonhybridricehavebeenpromotingthetechnologyoverseas.Sofar,Yuan'shybridricehasbeengrowninmorethan60countries,withatotalgrowingareaof8millionhectares(公頃)outsideChina,accordingtotheChinaNationalHybridRiceR&DCenterwhereYuanworked.EstablishedinMadagascarin2019,theAfricansubcenteristheonlyoverseassubcenterofChina'snationalhybridriceengineeringtechnologyresearchcenter,anditisfunctioningwell.Chineseexpertsinthesubcentersetupaservicechainincludingprovidingseeds,relevanttrainingandtechnicalguidance.Morethan100skilledlocaltraineesweregivenonlinecoursestobeehybridriceexpertswhocanbetterservetheneedsoflocalfarmers.Sofar,thesubcenterhasapprovedthreehybridricevarietiesinMadagascar,withtwoothervarietiessuitableforgrowinginmostregionsofthecountryexpectedtogainapprovalthisyear.4.WhywasYuanLongpingknownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”?A.Becausehespeduptheplantingofhybridrice.B.Becausehepromotedthefirsthybridricestrain.C.Becausehishybridriceeliminatedpeople'sfeelingofhunger.D.Becausehecontributedgreatlyonhybridricedevelopment.5.Paragraph3mainlytellsabout________.A.Yuan'seffortinpromotionofhybridriceoverseas B.theglobalhybridricedevelopmentinthepastC.ricegrowingareadistributionoutsideChina D.theinfluenceofYuan'spaperonhybridrice6.WhatcanwelearnfromtheAfricansubcenter?A.Itisapanysellingricegrowingtechnologies.B.ItfunctionswellinpromotingChina'shybridrice.C.Itteacheslocalfarmerstogrowricedirectly.D.Ithasaltogetherfivericevarietiestoapprove.7.Theauthorwrotethispassagemainlyto________.A.tellYuanLongping'scontribution B.reportYuanLongping'sdeathC.presenthybridrice'sachievement D.showAfricansubcenter'ssuccess【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平發(fā)展中國(guó)雜交水稻，在海外的推廣以及取得的成就。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“YuanLongping,famousfordevelopingthefirsthighyieldhybridricestraincapableofeliminatinghungerforlargenumbersofpeople(袁隆平，以發(fā)展第一個(gè)能消除大量人口饑餓的雜交水稻高產(chǎn)株而聞名于世)”以及第三段“Sofar,Yuan'shybridricehasbeengrowninmorethan60countries,withatotalgrowingareaof8millionhectaresoutsideChina,accordingtotheChinaNationalHybridRiceR&DCenterwhereYuanworked.(據(jù)袁所在的中國(guó)國(guó)家雜交水稻研發(fā)中心稱，到目前為止，袁的雜交水稻已在60多個(gè)國(guó)家種植，在中國(guó)境外的總種植面積為800萬(wàn)公頃)”可推知，袁隆平被稱為“雜交水稻之父”是因?yàn)樗麑?duì)雜交水稻的發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“InApril1979,YuanpresentedhispapertoaninternationalacademicconferenceonhybridriceinManila,sharingChina'sexperienceinhybridriceresearchwiththerestoftheworld.Overfourdecades,researchteamsworkingonhybridricehavebeenpromotingthetechnologyoverseas.(1979年4月，袁隆平在馬尼拉舉行的雜交水稻國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議上提交了他的論文，與世界其他國(guó)家分享了中國(guó)在雜交水稻研究方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。40多年來(lái)，雜交水稻研究團(tuán)隊(duì)一直在海外推廣這項(xiàng)技術(shù))”可知，本段主要講述了袁隆平在海外推廣雜交水稻的努力。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Chineseexpertsinthesubcentersetupaservicechainincludingprovidingseeds,relevanttrainingandtechnicalguidance.Morethan100skilledlocaltraineesweregivenonlinecoursestobeehybridriceexpertswhocanbetterservetheneedsoflocalfarmers.(分中心的中國(guó)專家建立了一個(gè)服務(wù)鏈，包括提供種子、相關(guān)培訓(xùn)和技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。100多名熟練的當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)員接受了在線課程，成為雜交水稻專家，更好地滿足當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民的需求)”可知，非洲分中心的專家們建立服務(wù)鏈，教會(huì)當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)員種植水稻，非洲分中心在推廣中國(guó)雜交水稻方面發(fā)揮了好的作用。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Overfourdecades,researchteamsworkingonhybridricehavebeenpromotingthetechnologyoverseas.Sofar,Yuan'shybridricehasbeengrowninmorethan60countries,withatotalgrowingareaof8millionhectaresoutsideChina,accordingtotheChinaNationalHybridRiceR&DCenterwhereYuanworked.(40多年來(lái)，雜交水稻研究團(tuán)隊(duì)一直在海外推廣這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。據(jù)袁所在的中國(guó)國(guó)家雜交水稻研發(fā)中心稱，到目前為止，袁的雜交水稻已在60多個(gè)國(guó)家種植，在中國(guó)境外的總種植面積為800萬(wàn)公頃)”可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了展示袁隆平對(duì)于中國(guó)雜交水稻的貢獻(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。COneofBritain’sfewtypicalcontributionstoworldculturemayetoanend,accordingtoasurveythatsuggestsholidaypostcardsarebeingemailedandtextedintoextinction(消亡).Morethanhalfofthe1,000holidaymakersinterviewedsaidtheyhaddecidedtosendfewercards,turninginsteadtotheirelectronicpetitors.Aquarteroftherespondents(受訪者)dismissedpostcardsasoldfashionedandslowtoarrive.Afurther14%admittedthatthinkingofsomethingtofillthespacewastoochallenging,paredwithacallhome.AlthoughofficiallyinventedbyaHungarian,EmanuelHerrmann,in1869,theideaofillustratedcardswastakenupwithmostenthusiasminVictorianBritain,joiningGothicarchitectureandlandscapegardeningasfieldsinwhichthecountryexcelled.“IftheBritishpostcarddidbeeextinct,wewouldloseforeversomethingofgreatimportancetothenation,”saidChrisMottersheadofThomsonHolidays,whichchargedwiththesurvey.HewasbackedbyMarieAngelouofSussexUniversity,whohasstudiedtheimportanceofsendingandreceivingpostcards.“Postcardsarenothinglikephonecalls,instanttextinganddirectphotoshotsviathemobile,”shesaid.“Alltheseareuseful,practicaldevices,butpostcardsoffersomethingelse,somethingadditionalthatisnotmundane(世俗的)andsimplyfunctional,butimaginativeandpersonal.Theycanproducetherealatmosphereofyourholidayinawaythatnothingelsecando.They’realsoformorethanamoment—withsomepeopleaddingthemtocollectionsbuiltupoveryearsandyears.”Postcardcollecting,isthirdonlytocoinsandstampsinBritain’srelatedtraditionofcollectingthings.Thecountry’suniquelypostcardrelatedachievementsincludetheinventionin1902ofthe“dividedback”.Withtheaddresstakinguphalfofthewritingarea,briefpostcardscribbles(潦草的書寫)becametheforerunnertotoday’stextmessages.8.Whatdoesthesurveysuggest?A.Postcardsarebeingemailedtopeople. B.Fewerpeoplecareaboutholidays.C.Postcardsarenowlesspreferred. D.Papercardsarepeople’sfavorite.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wastakenupwithmostenthusiasm”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Gainedpopularity. B.Tookplace. C.Cameback. D.Wentintoservice.10.WhatdoesMarieAngelouthinkofpostcards?A.Postcardsarenotaseffectiveasphonecalls. B.Postcardssendinformationmuchmorequickly.C.Postcardsshouldgivewaytotextmessages. D.Postcardscarrymorethanwhattheyshow.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LastPostforBritain’sCardHabit? B.TimeforAChange?C.Britain:DreamlandforPostcards? D.FallofAGreatPower?【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了在英國(guó)，很多人選擇不再發(fā)送明信片，而是選擇發(fā)送電子郵件聯(lián)系他人。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Morethanhalfofthe1,000holidaymakersinterviewedsaidtheyhaddecidedtosendfewercards,turninginsteadtotheirelectronicpetitors.”（在接受采訪的1000名度假者中，超過一半的人表示，他們已經(jīng)決定少寄一些賀卡，轉(zhuǎn)而寄電子賀卡）可知，調(diào)查顯示大多數(shù)人決定不發(fā)明信片，而是選擇發(fā)送電子郵件，表明明信片現(xiàn)在不那么受歡迎了。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“joiningGothicarchitectureandlandscapegardeningasfieldsinwhichthecountryexcelled”（它與哥特式建筑和風(fēng)景園林一起成為該國(guó)的優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)域。）可知，“theideaofillustratedcards”（插畫概念）成為優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)域，很受歡迎，推測(cè)劃線部分wastakenupwithmostenthusiasm表示“很受歡迎”，與gainedpopularity同義。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Alltheseareuseful,practicaldevices,butpostcardsoffersomethingelse,somethingadditionalthatisnotmundane（世俗）andsimplyfunctional,butimaginativeandpersonal.”（所有這些都是有用的、實(shí)用的設(shè)備，但明信片提供了一些其他的東西，這些東西不是平凡的、簡(jiǎn)單的功能，而是富有想象力的和私人的。）可知，MarieAngelou認(rèn)為明信片提供的東西比它們展示出的更多。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“OneofBritain'sfewtypicalcontributionstoworldculturemayetoanend,accordingtoasurveythatsuggestsholidaypostcardsarebeingemailedandtextedintoextinction”（英國(guó)為數(shù)不多的對(duì)世界文化的典型貢獻(xiàn)之一可能會(huì)終結(jié)，一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，假日明信片正在通過電子郵件和短信消亡）可知，明信片作為英國(guó)典型之一，可能會(huì)終結(jié)，所以“英國(guó)卡片習(xí)慣走到了末路？”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DHumansocietiesdependonhealthyecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)).Peopleusetheirproductsintheshapeoffish,meat,cropsandfiberssuchascottonandsilk.Medicinesmaybedirectlyharvestedfromthenaturalworldorinspiredbymolecules(分子)andelementsfoundwithinit.Throughlightreaction,treesandotherplantstakeincarbonandpumpoutoxygen.Theservicesthatecosystemsprovidetohumansdepend,inturn,ontherebeingadiversityoflivingthings.Morethan75%ofglobalfoodcroptypes,includingcoffee,cocoaandalmonds,arepollinated(授粉)byanimals.Theplexwebsupportingeveryfoodchainandecosystemmeansthatthenarrowrangeofspeciesthathumanseatandexploitcannotbesustained(維持)withouttheexistenceofamuchgreaterdiversityofanimals,plantsandbacteria.WhenIPBESpublisheditsassessmentofthestateofglobalbiodiversityin2019itofferedasoberingpicture.Roughly1millionanimalandplantspecieswereconsideredtobeatriskofextinction.Theseincludedmanythatareusedinfarming.Atleast9%ofthe6,200sortsofhousetrainedmammalsthathumanseat,orusetoproducefood,hadbeeextinctby2016,andatleast1,000morearethreatened.Andonethirdofoceanfishstockswerebeingunsustainablyexploitedin2015.Surveysalsoshowthatthelossofbiodiversityistheresultofabinationoffactors:climatechange,pollution,humanexploitationofland,sea,plantsandanimals,andthemovementofsomespeciesintonewterritorieswheretheydestroyexistingecosystems.Understandingaproblem,however,isanecessarysteptowardssolvingit.Andthatiswheretechnologycanhelp.Ironically(諷刺地),itishumans’useoftechnology,whetherinsimpleformssuchaschainsaws(鏈鋸)ordragnets,ormoreplexonessuchasmodernagricultureandtransportation,thatischieflyresponsibleforbiodiversityloss.Thechallengenowistoarrangeitsothatitisnotjustpartoftheproblem,butpartofthesolution.12.Whatdoesparagraph1trytotell?A.Greatsuccessachievedbyhumansocieties. B.People’sroleinreconstructingtheecosystems.C.People’swisdomandexperienceinexploitingnature. D.Benefitsbroughtbyecosystemstohumansocieties.13.Inparagraph2,theauthortriestoexplaintherelationshipbetween________.A.humansandecosystems B.ecosystemsandbiodiversityC.animalsandfoodchain D.biodiversityandresources14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sobering”inparagraph3mean?A.Saddening. B.prehensive. C.Concrete. D.Thorough.15.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagree?A.Weneedtoridtechnologytopromotebiodiversity.B.Lossofbiodiversityissimplyrelatedtohumanactivities.C.Technologyisdoubleedgedwhenitestobiodiversity.D.Climatechangeposesgreaterrisksthanlossofbiodiversity.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明生物多樣性及其喪失的原因，希望合理地利用技術(shù)來(lái)保持生物多樣性。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Peopleusetheirproductsintheshapeoffish,meat,cropsandfiberssuchascottonandsilk.Medicinesmaybedirectlyharvestedfromthenaturalworldorinspiredbymoleculesandelementsfoundwithinit.Throughlightreaction,treesandotherplantstakeincarbonandpumpoutoxygen.”（人們使用健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所提供的魚、肉、農(nóng)作物和棉花、絲綢等纖維產(chǎn)品。藥物可以直接從自然界獲取，也可以從自然界中發(fā)現(xiàn)的分子和元素中獲得靈感。通過光反應(yīng)，樹木和其他植物吸收碳并排出氧氣）可知，本段主要介紹人類可以從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中得到各種不同的東西，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能給人類社會(huì)帶來(lái)了好處。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theservicesthatecosystemsprovidetohumansdepend,inturn,ontherebeingadiversityoflivingthings.”（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為人類提供的服務(wù)反過來(lái)又取決于生物的多樣性）可知，作者在本段解釋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生物多樣性之間的關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“thatthenarrowrangeofspeciesthathumanseatandexploitcannotbesustained(維持)withouttheexistenceofamuchgreaterdiversityofanimals,plantsandbacteria.”（如果沒有更多樣化的動(dòng)物、植物和細(xì)菌，人類食用和利用的物種范圍就無(wú)法維持）可知，生物多樣性對(duì)人類而言至關(guān)重要，再根據(jù)第三段中“Roughly1millionanimalandplantspecieswereconsideredtobeatriskofextinction.Theseincludedmanythatareusedinfarming.Atleast9%ofthe6,200sortsofhousetrainedmammalsthathumanseat,orusetoproducefood,hadbeeextinctby2016,andatleast1,000morearethreatened.Andonethirdofoceanfishstockswerebeingunsustainablyexploitedin2015.”（大約100萬(wàn)種動(dòng)植物物種被認(rèn)為有滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。其中包括許多用于農(nóng)業(yè)的作物。到2016年，人類食用或用來(lái)生產(chǎn)食物的6200種家養(yǎng)哺乳動(dòng)物中至少有9%已經(jīng)滅絕，至少還有1000種受到威脅。2015年，三分之一的海洋魚類被不可持續(xù)地開發(fā)）可知，全球生物多樣性狀況評(píng)估所展示的是：動(dòng)植物種類減少，受到威脅的種類越來(lái)越多。這是令人警醒，也令人感到難過的畫面，給合選項(xiàng)，saddening從情感色彩上與sobering更接近。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Understandingaproblem,however,isanecessarysteptowardssolvingit.Andthatiswheretechnologycanhelp.Ironically(諷刺地),itishumans'useoftechnology,whetherinsimpleformssuchaschainsaws(鏈鋸)ordragnets,ormoreplexonessuchasmodernagricultureandtransportation,thatischieflyresponsibleforbiodiversityloss.”（然而，理解問題是解決問題的必要步驟。這就是技術(shù)可以提供幫助的地方。具有諷刺意味的是，正是人類對(duì)技術(shù)的使用，無(wú)論是鏈鋸或拖網(wǎng)等簡(jiǎn)單形式，還是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和交通等更復(fù)雜形式，才是生物多樣性喪失的主要原因）可知，作者認(rèn)為技術(shù)可以幫助解決生物多樣性面臨的問題，同時(shí)又會(huì)導(dǎo)致生物多樣性喪失，當(dāng)談到生物多樣性時(shí)，技術(shù)是一把雙刃劍。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WaystoprotectyourselfonlinePeopleoftenfeelasenseofunknownandseparationwhileontheirputer.However,theonlineworldexposesindividualstoawiderangeofpossibledangers.Yet,bytakingafewmeasures,beingontheinternetneednotbeeapotentialdanger.SecurityWhetheryougetonlinetovisitwithlovedones,surftheweborpletefinancialtransactions(業(yè)務(wù)),yourputermustbesecure.____16____.However,foraddedprotection,youmustinstallsoftwarethatpreventsvirusesfrominfectingyourdevice.Otherwise,hackersmaybeabletoalsoobtainyourpasswordsandgetintoyouronlineaccounts.PasswordWisdomThemoreplicatedthepassword,theharderyoumakeitforhackerstodecode.Remendedpasswordsoftencontainupperandlowercaselettersalongwithnumbersandsymbols.____17____.ITtechsalsoadvisethatyouchangeyourpasswordeverymonthorsotoheightenthesecurity.____18____Ifshoppingonlineormakingotherfinancialtransactions,makesurethewebsitehassafetyfeatures.Safewebsitestypicallyhavean“https”addressandaclosedpadlocksomewhereonthepage.Still,makesurethepageissafebyclickingonthepadlock.Thereshouldbeasecuritycertificatedisplayed.Checkthe“issuedto”popupwindow(彈窗)toensurethattheissuance(發(fā)布)matchesthepage.____19____.DownloadDangersWhenyoudownloadafile,gameorprogram,youareatriskforadditionallygettingvirusesorunwantedsoftware.____20____.Theseprogramsmaythengainaccesstofilesonyourputerorfollowyourkeystrokes(按鍵)tositesandgainaccessbylearningyourpasswords.A.SelectWebsitesCarefullyB.ManysiteshavehiddenprogramswithinapplicationsC.UsewithcautionwhenconnectingyourmobiledevicesatairportsorinhotelsD.Ifnot,youareonaphishingsite(釣魚網(wǎng)站)thatwillstealpersonalinformationE.Ifpossible,writeyourpasswordsdownandkeeptheminasafeplaceF.Whenconductingbusinessonlinedone,makesuretologoutofthesiteG.Makesuresecurityupdatesareregularlyinstalled(安裝)andthefirewallisworking【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.D20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了使上網(wǎng)不會(huì)成為潛在危險(xiǎn)的措施。【16題詳解】下文“However,foraddedprotection,youmustinstallsoftwarethatpreventsvirusesfrominfectingyourdevice.”（但是，為了增加保護(hù)，您必須安裝防止病毒感染設(shè)備的軟件。）說(shuō)明在常規(guī)保護(hù)措施之外，還必須安裝防止病毒入侵的軟件以增加保護(hù)，所以空處應(yīng)介紹常規(guī)保護(hù)行為，G項(xiàng)“確保定期安裝安全更新，并且防火墻正常工作”符合題意。故選G。【17題詳解】下文“ITtechsalsoadvisethatyouchangeyourpasswordeverymonthorsotoheightenthesecurity.”（IT技術(shù)人員還建議您每個(gè)月左右更改一次密碼，以提高安全性。）說(shuō)明，此處技術(shù)人員建議定期更換密碼，以提高安全性，所以空處應(yīng)介紹與密碼相關(guān)內(nèi)容，E項(xiàng)“如果可能的話，把你的密碼寫下來(lái)并保存在一個(gè)安全的地方。”符合題意。故選E。【18題詳解】下文“Ifshoppingonlineormakingotherfinancialtransactions,makesurethewebsitehassafetyfeatures.”（如果在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物或進(jìn)行其他金融交易，請(qǐng)確保網(wǎng)站具有安全功能。）說(shuō)明如果使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行操作，要確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)是安全的，A項(xiàng)“小心選擇網(wǎng)站”為本段標(biāo)題。故選A。【19題詳解】上文“Checkthe“issuedto”popupwindow（彈窗）toensurethattheissuance（發(fā)布）matchesthepage.”（檢查“發(fā)布到”彈出窗口，確保發(fā)布與頁(yè)面匹配。）說(shuō)明發(fā)布頁(yè)應(yīng)與頁(yè)面匹配，所以下文應(yīng)說(shuō)明如果不匹配會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么問題，D項(xiàng)“如果不是，你是在一個(gè)釣魚網(wǎng)站上，那會(huì)竊取個(gè)人信息”符合題意。故選D。【20題詳解】下文“Theseprogramsmaythengainaccesstofilesonyourputerorfollowyourkeystrokes（按鍵）tositesandgainaccessbylearningyourpasswords.”（然后，這些程序可能會(huì)訪問您計(jì)算機(jī)上的文件，或者跟隨您的按鍵訪問站點(diǎn)，并通過學(xué)習(xí)您的密碼獲得訪問權(quán)限。）說(shuō)明有些程序可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，B項(xiàng)中hiddenprograms（隱藏程序）是關(guān)鍵詞，B項(xiàng)“許多網(wǎng)站在應(yīng)用程序中都有隱藏的程序”符合題意。故選B。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。PeterandLisaMarshall’sweddingdaywasunforgettable,accordingtoLisa.Butherhusbandhas____21____it.“It’sthe____22____partbecauseyouwanttorememberthehappypast,andyou’realoneinthe____23____,”shesaid.Threeyearsago,attheageof53,Peterwas____24____withearlyAlzheimer’s（老年癡呆癥）.Eventually,heforgothiswife.Lisabecamejustanothernameless____25____,withtheirentire____26____togethererased.Andyet,awhisperoftheir____27____musthaveremained—becauseallofasudden,Lisasaid,herhusbandstartedcourting（求愛）her,asifthey’djuststarted____28____.Oneday,whenaweddingscenecameonTV,Peterpointedtothe____29____,“Let’sdoit.”“AndIsaid,‘Dowhat?’Andhepointedagain.AndIsaid,‘Doyouwantto_____30_____?!’Andhegotthissmileonhisfaceandhesaid,‘Yeah.’Sohefellinlovewithme_____31_____,”Lisasaid.Lisa_____32_____.Afewmonthsago,she_____33_____aweddingforheralreadyhusband.“Ican’tevendescribetoyouhow_____34_____itwas.Hewasso_____35_____andhappy.Anditwasverytouching,”shesaid.Unfortunately,itwasaCinderella（灰姑娘）moment.Theclockstruck_____36_____andbythenextmorning,this_____37_____toowaslosttothefog.ButLisahadfully_____38_____that.“I’mtheonewho’sgoingto_____39_____that.Andthat’sgoingtohelpmeheallater,becauseitreallyisatruelovestory,”shesaid.Alzheimer’scan_____40_____somuch—butfortunately,loveisalmostalwaysthelasttogo.21.A.broken B.missed C.ignored D.forgotten22.A.mostunfair B.saddest C.mostsurprising D.angriest23.A.memory B.faith C.way D.schedule24.A.familiar B.popular C.diagnosed D.satisfied25.A.doctor B.caretaker C.teacher D.employer26.A.journey B.dream C.wealth D.life27.A.love B.quarrel C.hope D.apology28.A.acting B.meeting C.dating D.working29.A.house B.screen C.audience D.host30.A.takepart B.walkaround C.getmarried D.havefun31.A.immediately B.finally C.again D.deeply32.A.accepted B.cheered C.hesitated D.refused33.A.attended B.hosted C.saw D.staged34.A.petitive B.magical C.popular D.typical35.A.present B.friendly C.old D.creative36.A.gradually B.loudly C.midnight D.hard37.A.wife B.wedding C.girl D.plan38.A.expected B.reported C.refused D.judged39.A.study B.abandon C.remember D.copy40.A.callback B.cutdown C.giveup D.takeaway【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.B26.D27.A28.C29.B30.C31.C32.A33.D34.B35.B36.C37.B38.A39.C40.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了患有老年癡呆癥的彼得又一次愛上了自己的妻子，并向她求婚，老年癡呆癥可以帶走很多人和事，但是愛幾乎總是最后一個(gè)離開的。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但她丈夫已經(jīng)忘記了。A.broken破碎；B.missed錯(cuò)過；C.ignored忽視；D.forgotten忘記。根據(jù)上文“PeterandLisaMarshall'sweddingdaywasunforgettable,accordingtoLisa.”可知，麗莎覺得婚禮是令人難忘的，結(jié)合空前But表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可知此處表示她的丈夫已經(jīng)忘記了。故選D項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是最悲傷的部分，因?yàn)槟阆胗涀】鞓返倪^去，而記憶中只有你一個(gè)人。A.mostunfair最不公平的；B.saddest最悲傷的；C.mostsurprising最令人驚訝的；D.angriest最憤怒的。根據(jù)后文“becauseyouwanttorememberthehappypast,andyou'realoneinthe____3____”可知，你想記住快樂的過去，但是記憶里你是獨(dú)自一人的，這是最悲傷的部分。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是最悲傷的部分，因?yàn)槟阆胗涀】鞓返倪^去，而記憶中只有你一個(gè)人。A.memory記憶；B.faith信仰；C.way道路；D.schedule時(shí)間表。根據(jù)后文“Peterwas____4____withearlyAlzheimer's”可知，彼得患了老年癡呆癥，忘記了別人，記憶里只有自己一個(gè)人。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：A.familiar熟悉；B.popular受歡迎；C.diagnosed診斷；D.satisfied使?jié)M意。根據(jù)后文“withearlyAlzheimer's.Eventually,heforgothiswife.”可知，彼得忘記了自己的妻子，所以此處表示彼得被診斷患有老年癡呆癥。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：麗莎變成了又一個(gè)無(wú)名的護(hù)理人員，他們的整個(gè)生活都被抹去了。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.caretaker護(hù)理人員；C.teacher教師；D.employer雇主。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，丈夫得病了，妻子會(huì)照顧護(hù)理對(duì)方，所以彼得忘記了妻子之后，把妻子當(dāng)作了不知道名字的護(hù)理人員。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：麗莎變成了又一個(gè)無(wú)名的護(hù)理人員，他們的整個(gè)生活都被抹去了。A.journey旅行；B.dream夢(mèng)想；C.wealth財(cái)富；D.life生活。根據(jù)后文“herhusbandstartedcourting（求愛）her,asifthey'djuststarted____8____”可知，彼得像他們剛剛開始見面一樣，重新追求麗莎，所以此處表示他們的整個(gè)生活都被抹去了。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他們的愛一定一直在耳語(yǔ)，因?yàn)橥蝗唬惿f(shuō)，她的丈夫開始追求她，好像他們剛剛開始約會(huì)一樣。A.love愛；B.quarrel爭(zhēng)吵；C.hope希望；D.apology道歉。根據(jù)后文“herhusbandstartedcourting（求愛）her,asifthey'djuststarted____8____”可知，彼得再一次追求麗莎，所以此處表示他們的愛一定一直都在。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他們的愛一定一直在耳語(yǔ)，因?yàn)橥蝗唬惿f(shuō)，她的丈夫開始追求她，好像他們剛開始約會(huì)時(shí)一樣。A.acting行動(dòng)；B.meeting見面；C.dating約會(huì)；D.working工作。根據(jù)上文“herhusbandstartedcourting（求愛）her,asifth