年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(全國二卷)英語本試卷共150分，共12頁。考試結(jié)束后，將本試題和答題卡一并交回。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在條形碼區(qū)域內(nèi)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工整，筆記清楚。3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊、不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)聽力請雙擊或另存音頻文件后播放做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.HowwillthewomanprobablygettoBaxley?A.Onfoot.B.Bytaxi.C.Bybus.2.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Havesomedessert.B.Paythebill.C.Cancelthetrip.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Buyingacomputer.B.Doingresearch.C.Savingmoney.4.Whatistheman’smajor?A.Psychology.B.Biology.C.English.5.WhatdoesLindasuggest?A.Buyingasportswatch.B.BorrowingMary’swatch.C.Gettingthewatchrepaired.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhydoesPetermakethecall?A.Toarrangeavisit.B.Toextendaninvitation.C.Toconfirmanappointment.7.WherewillthespeakersmeetonTuesdayevening?A.Atthetheatre.B.Atasnackbar.C.AtDelia’soffice.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatdoesSamsayabouthisdaughter?A.Shedislikesdoinghomework.B.Sheoveruseshersmartphone.C.Shefeelslonelyatschool.9.WhatisSam’sattitudetowardstheschoolpolicies?A.Supportive.B.Uncertain.C.Disapproving.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Touristandguide.B.Husbandandwife.C.Trainerandtrainee.11.Whocameupwiththeideaofgoingrockclimbing?A.Billy.B.Karen.C.Max.12.WhatisJessie’splanfortomorrow?A.Goinghorsebackriding.B.Playingtabletennis.C.Rowingonthelake.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdidFrankdobeforecomingtoSusanna?A.Hewenttoatechfair.B.Hesignedacontract.C.Hehadajobinterview.14.WhatdoesFrankhopetoget?A.Apromotion.B.Avacation.C.Abonus.15WhenwillFrankknowtheresultfromhiscompany?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.16.WhoisSusanna?A.Frank’sclient.B.Frank’slawyer.C.Frank’sboss.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhoistheMiniCampintendedfor?A.Four-year-olds.B.Five-year-olds.C.Six-year-olds.18.WhichactivitydoestheOlderSummerCamporganize?A.Museumvisits.B.Bowlinggames.C.Familygatherings.19.Whatisarequirementforjoiningthefieldtrips?A.Campingexperience.B.Parentalpermission.C.Swimmingskills.20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A.Collectfees.B.Answerquestions.C.Showashortvideo.聽力原文材料：Text1（36詞）問路W:IsthisbusgoingtoBaxley,Sir?M:No,I'mafraidnot.Seetheyellowtaxionthecorner?TurnlefttheretoMaidaStreetandtakebusNo.4.W:Allright.Thankyou.Text2（30詞）買單W:So,wouldyoufolkslikesomedessert?M:Justbringusthebill,please.Weneedtogetbackontheroadandcontinueourjourney.W:Noproblem.Text3（43詞）父親資助買電腦W:Dad,Ican'taffordthatcomputer,butIthinkIreallyneeditformyresearch.M:Don'tworry,Alice.Justpayasmuchasyoucan,andI'llmakeuptherest.W:Thankyou.ThenIcanplacetheorder.Text4（33詞）新同學(xué)相互介紹W:Hi,I'mJulie.I'mfromtheDepartmentofPsychology.Whataboutyou?M:Istudybiology.IhopeyoucanunderstandmyEnglish.I'mstilllearning.W:Well,youspeakveryclearly.Text5（38詞）弄壞運(yùn)動(dòng)手表M:Linda,Ineedyoutohelpmewithmyproblem.W:Whatdidyoudo?Gee,youbrokeMary'ssportswatch?M:Ah!IwishIdidn'ttouchit.W:Well,don'tworry.We'llhaveitfixed.Text6（90詞）邀約看戲劇W:Hello?M:HiDelia,thisisPeter.AreyoudoinganythingTuesdayevening?W:Notreally.M:(6)I'vegottwoticketsfortheNationalTheatre.Wouldyouliketocome?W:Thanks,I'dloveto.What'son?M:Stoppard'slatestplay.W:Oh,Sonnytoldmewasverygood.M:Yes,everyonesaysso.(7)ShallImeetyouatyourofficeatsixo'clock?Thenwecangoandhaveaquicksnack.Theplaystartsatseveno'clock.W:(7)Soundsgreat.SeeyouTuesdaythen.M:Good.Bye.Text7（121詞）約束學(xué)生使用手機(jī)W:Hi,Sam,howisyourdaughterdoingatschool?M:Well,(8)sinceIboughtasmartphoneforJillianlastsummer,itseemsthephonehasbecomeanextensionofherarm,andithasmadeitimpossibleforhertoconcentrate.Thatreallyupsetsme.W:Youarenotaloneinthat.Itissaidthat95%ofteenagerseitherownorhaveaccesstoasmartphone.(9)Someschoolshaveputinplacepoliciesbanningorcontrollingphoneuseduringschoolhours.M:I'mallinfavorofthesepolicies.W:Yeah,moreandmoreschoolshavebegundoingthis.Afriendofmineworksataschool,andhetoldmethatthesepolicieshadbroughtaboutpositivechanges.Text8（133詞）假日活動(dòng)安排W:(10)Max,areyoureadytogo?M:Sure,honey.Whyareyoudressedlikethat?IthoughtweweregoingtoplaytabletenniswithBillyandKaren.W:Oh,changeofplan.(11)Billysuggestedwegorockclimbinginstead.M:ButIwasreallylookingforwardtoplayingtabletennis.W:Youplaytabletennisallthetime.We'dliketogodosomeoutdooractivitiesforachange,likerockclimbingandhorsebackriding.M:Oh,Jessie,Ithoughtthepointofthisvacationwastorelax.W:(12)Well,wecandosomethinglessdemandingtomorrow.Howaboutboatingonthelake?Whatdoyouthink?M:That'llbegreat.Iliketheideaofspendingsometimeonthewater.I'msureBillyandKarenwilllikeittoo.Text9（198詞）提出辭呈M:Hi,Susanna.(13)IhadaninterviewwithAndersonHighTechandtheyofferedmethepositionofsalesmanager.IwanttoletyouknowbeforeImakemydecision.W:I'msorrytohearthat,Frank,butIappreciateyoutellingmebeforeyouaccepttheoffer.M:Ireallyenjoymyworkhere.Iputineffortforfiveyearstogainmoreexperience,(14)butthereseemsnohopeofbeingpromoted.W:(16)Whatwouldhaveyoudecidetostay?M:(14)IwouldconsiderstayingifIcouldchangemyposition.Iwouldloveworkinginthissamedepartment,butIwouldliketobedoingsomethingdifferent.Andtheyofferme6%morethanmypresentsalary.W:Whendoyouhavetotellthemyourdecision?M:TheywantmetorespondbyFriday.W:(16)Letmesee.I'lltalktothehumanresourcesdirectorandletyouknowtheresultonThursday.Canyouwaituntilthen?M:Thatwouldbetoolate.(15)Wednesdaywillbebetter.W:Okay,noproblem.(16)I'mgoingtodoeverythingIcantokeepyouonboard.M:Iappreciatewhatyouaredoingforme.Text10（174詞）介紹夏令營項(xiàng)目W:Hello,everyone.WelcometoCreativeDaySchool.Thissummer,weprovidetwofull-timesummercampprograms.Bothwilllasttheentiretimethechildrenareoutofschool.(17)Ourfirstsummercampisforourfour-year-olds,calledMiniCamp.ThisMiniCampwillstillhavetheirnormaleverydayschedulewithalotoffunactivities.Atleastonceaweek,ourMiniCamperswillgoonafieldtrip.ThesefieldtripscouldconsistofadayatthebeachorexploringtheNaturalMuseum.(18)Ouroldersummercampisprovidedforages5through12.Therearescheduledsummerfunactivitiesandgames.Thechildrenwillparticipateinart,outdoorplay,games,andmuchmore.Swimmingatanearbypoolisoftenaweeklyfieldtripforages6andup.(18)Otherfieldtripscouldincludebowling,adayatthemovies,orapicnicinthepark.(19)Permissionofparentsandactivityfeesarerequiredtoparticipateinallfieldtrips.(20)Now,let'swatchafive-minutefilmaboutlastyear'sprograms.答案：1-5CBABC6-10BCBAB11-15ACCAA16-20CABBC第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEnglishMarketTownstoVisitintheUKEnglishmarkettownscomeinmanyshapesandsizes.Eachhasapersonalityshapedbythegoodsandservicesproducedandtradedforcenturies.Buteachtownhasmoretodothanshop.HerefordHerefordshireHerefordhasremainedalivelymarkettownsince1189.Skirtingthetownsquare,you’llfindlovelyshops,eateries,andtheBlackandWhiteHouseMuseum.TheHerefordCathedralisthemostimpressivebuildingintown.It’salsohometoanancientlibrary.OneofthefouroriginalcopiesoftheMagnaCartaisdisplayedthere.Ludlow,ShropshireLudlowisknownastheFoodieCenterofEngland.Butchershops,greengrocers,bakeries,andcheeseshopslinethetownsquare.Borderingthesquare,theLudlowCastleisa“mustexplore”medievalstronghold.Thethree-dayLudlowFoodFestivalisheldeachSeptember.Shrewsbury,ShropshireGettingtoShrewsburyTownCenterfromLondonischallengingbutworththeanxiety.TheRiverSevernhasasignificantturnthroughtown,almostmakinganislandofShrewsburyTownCenter.Theshapecreatesaperfectmarketwheregoodscouldbeshippedandreceivedusingtheriverasahighway.Flowersareeverywhere-hangingbaskets,windowboxes,andplanters-justwhatyouimagineinanattractiveEnglishmarkettown.Mevagissey,CornwallEvenifyouhaven’tbeentothesmallfishingvillageMevagissey,you’veprobablyseenitinamovieorBritishTVshow.Theworkingharbor(港口)tookshapein1774.Fishermengoouttoseadailyandselltheirfishinharbor-sidemarkets.Don’tleavetheharborwithoutatraditionalComishpie.It’sdelicious.1.WherecanyoufindanoriginalcopyoftheMagnaCarta?A.IntheLudlowCastle. B.IntheFoodieCenterofEngland.C.IntheHerefordCathedral. D.IntheBlackandWhiteHouseMuseum.2.WhatisafeatureofShrewsburyTownCenter?A.It’ssituatednearabigisland. B.It’salmostsurroundedbywater.C.It’sknownforitsflowerfestival. D.It’seasilyaccessiblefromLondon.3.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestvisitorsdoinMevagissey?A.TrytheCornishpie. B.WatchaBritishTVshow.C.Gofishinginthesea. D.Takepicturesoftheharbor.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了英國值得一游的四個(gè)市場小鎮(zhèn)及其特色和亮點(diǎn)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hereford,Herefordshire部分中“TheHerefordCathedralisthemostimpressivebuildingintown.It’salsohometoanancientlibrary.OneofthefouroriginalcopiesoftheMagnaCartaisdisplayedthere.(赫里福德大教堂是鎮(zhèn)上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它還擁有一座古老的圖書館，《大憲章》的四份原始副本之一便陳列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大憲章》的原始副本。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shrewsbury,Shropshire部分中“TheRiverSevernhasasignificantturnthroughtown,almostmakinganislandofShrewsburyTownCenter.Theshapecreatesaperfectmarketwheregoodscouldbeshippedandreceivedusingtheriverasahighway.(塞文河在流經(jīng)小鎮(zhèn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)明顯的轉(zhuǎn)彎，幾乎將什魯斯伯里鎮(zhèn)中心變成一座孤島。這種地形造就了一個(gè)絕佳的集市，在這里，人們可以借助這條河流作為運(yùn)輸通道來收發(fā)貨物)”可知，什魯斯伯里鎮(zhèn)中心幾乎被水包圍。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mevagissey,Cornwall部分中“Don’tleavetheharborwithoutatraditionalComishpie.It’sdelicious.(離開港口前一定要嘗嘗傳統(tǒng)的康沃爾餡餅。它很美味)”可知，作者建議游客在梅瓦吉西一定要嘗嘗康沃爾餡餅。故選A項(xiàng)。BKathyHoteacheshighschoolinsideLucilePackardChildren’sHospitalStanford(LPCH).“SometimesIdon’tlikesayingthatI’mateacher,”saysHo.“Peoplegetintheirmindsanideaofwhatteachersdo,butthat’snotreallywhatitishere.”“Here”isroom386,whereeachyear,about500LPCHpatientsalsobecomestudents.Thehospitalschoolisfreeofparents,doctors,andmedicalprocedures.It’saplaceoflearning.AbouthalfofHo’sstudentsstayforaweekorless;othersarethereformorethanayear.MostofHo’sstudentswillrecover,whichmeansthatpreparingthemtoreturntoschoolisanincreasinglyimportantcomponentofcare.Still,inroom386,academicsdon’tcomefirst.Physicalhealthandmentalhealtharethepriority.“Ifyou’rescaredaboutsomethingandthinkingonlyaboutthat,there’snowayyou’regoingtobeabletolearn,”Hosays.“I’macoach,anadviser,andacomforter,andthat’swhatitmeanstobeahospitalteacher.”Thereareupto30studentsatanygiventimeinHo’sclass.Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtestsbeingusedattheirhomeschools.Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.“Theythinktheirteachersdon’tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”Horecognizesthepsychologicalbenefitofhelpingkidskeepupwiththeirpeers(同齡人)outsidethehospital.“Iactuallythinkthemedicineisonlyasmallpieceforsomeproblems,”saysJulieGood,directorofpainmanagementservicesatLPCH.“It’saboutproblem-solvingaroundwhatitmeanstohaveafulllife.Thosekidshavedreams.Schoolcankeepthosedreamsalivebygivingkidsawaytolearnandgrow.”4.WhodoesHoteachatLPCH?A.Sickchildren. B.Youngnurses.C.Medicalstudents. D.Patients’parents.5.WhatisacharacteristicofHo’sjob?A.Prioritizingacademics. B.Encouraginginnovation.C.Treatingvariousdiseases. D.Playingmultipleroles.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A.Offeringregularlessons. B.Payingextraattention.C.Assigningnoschoolwork. D.Showingnosympathy.7.HowdoesthehospitalschoolbenefitthestudentsaccordingtoGood?A.Iteasespeerpressure. B.Ithelpsthemliveinhope.C.Itfreesthemfromaches. D.Itentertainsthemwithstories.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了KathyHo在斯坦福露西爾?帕卡德兒童醫(yī)院（LPCH）擔(dān)任教師的工作情況，介紹了醫(yī)院學(xué)校學(xué)生的情況、她工作的特點(diǎn)以及醫(yī)院學(xué)校對學(xué)生的益處。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中““Here”isroom386,whereeachyear,about500LPCHpatientsalsobecomestudents.Thehospitalschoolisfreeofparents,doctors,andmedicalprocedures.It’saplaceoflearning.AbouthalfofHo’sstudentsstayforaweekorless;othersarethereformorethanayear.MostofHo’sstudentswillrecover,whichmeansthatpreparingthemtoreturntoschoolisanincreasinglyimportantcomponentofcare.(“這里”指的是386室，每年約有500名露西爾?帕卡德兒童醫(yī)院（LPCH）的患者在這里成為學(xué)生。這所醫(yī)院學(xué)校里沒有家長、醫(yī)生，也沒有醫(yī)療程序。它是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的地方。Ho老師的學(xué)生中，約有一半只待一周或更短時(shí)間，其他人則會待一年以上。大多數(shù)學(xué)生最終會康復(fù)，這意味著，幫助他們做好重返學(xué)校的準(zhǔn)備正成為護(hù)理工作中日益重要的組成部分)”可知，Ho在露西爾?帕卡德兒童醫(yī)院（LPCH）教生病的孩子。故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“I’macoach,anadviser,andacomforter,andthat’swhatitmeanstobeahospitalteacher.(我是一名教練、一名顧問和一名安慰者，這就是作為一名醫(yī)院教師的意義)”可知，Ho工作的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是扮演多種角色。故選D。【6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段劃線詞所在句“Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.(一些老師不給孩子們布置任何作業(yè)，而是表達(dá)同情。Ho說：“我覺得這對孩子們是一種傷害”)”可推知，其中的“it”指的是不給孩子們布置作業(yè)這件事。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中JulieGood所說的“It’saboutproblem-solvingaroundwhatitmeanstohaveafulllife.Thosekidshavedreams.Schoolcankeepthosedreamsalivebygivingkidsawaytolearnandgrow.(這關(guān)乎圍繞“何為充實(shí)人生”展開的問題解決。那些孩子擁有夢想，而學(xué)校能通過為他們提供學(xué)習(xí)與成長的途徑，讓這些夢想得以延續(xù))”可推知，Good認(rèn)為醫(yī)院學(xué)校通過讓孩子保持學(xué)習(xí)和成長，幫助他們維系夢想，即幫助他們生活在希望中。故選B。CWhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthepastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathomeleadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.“Plantsareinfashionrightnow,”saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.“Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.”Plantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewwaysbutthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.“Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don’tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit.“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.8.HowwasDetrinidad’sbusinesswhenitstarted?A.Itfacedtoughcompetition. B.Itsufferedagreatloss.C.Itgotlotsoffinancialsupport. D.Itwentsurprisinglywell.9.WhatisoneofKnuth’sfindingsaboutplants?A.Theyappealmoretostudents. B.Theypurifytheenvironment.C.Theyraisethecortisollevel. D.Theyenhanceproductivity.10.WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?A.Thenecessityofsocialskills. B.Themeaningofsustainability.C.Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts. D.Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TimetoReplaceHouseplants B.PlantsBoostYourMoodC.TipsonChoosingHouseplants D.PlantsBrightenYourHome【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過Detrinidad的創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)歷和專家研究，說明室內(nèi)植物對人們心理健康和工作效率的積極影響，以及近年來居家趨勢推動(dòng)了室內(nèi)植物產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.(當(dāng)SonjaDetrinidad開設(shè)她的網(wǎng)店售賣室內(nèi)植物時(shí)，她并沒有抱太大的期望。但結(jié)果卻恰恰相反：訂單如潮水般涌來，僅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份訂單)”可知，SonjaDetrinidad剛開始開網(wǎng)店賣室內(nèi)植物時(shí)，并沒有抱太大希望，但實(shí)際情況是訂單很多，生意出奇地好。故選D。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身處植物周圍的學(xué)生，其學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)比在沒有植物的教室里的學(xué)生更出色。這種效率提升同樣適用于成年人的工作場合。我們的研究顯示，在植物豐富的工作環(huán)境中，人們的病假率降低了30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，接觸植物的學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)更好，成年人在植物豐富的工作環(huán)境中生產(chǎn)率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生產(chǎn)率”是她的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的““Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.(Detrinidad說：“醫(yī)生需要不斷實(shí)踐醫(yī)術(shù)，律師需要持續(xù)精進(jìn)法律實(shí)務(wù)，而養(yǎng)護(hù)植物同樣需要給自己練習(xí)的機(jī)會。照料植物是一種培養(yǎng)耐心和學(xué)習(xí)的過程。要用心呵護(hù)它，但如果它枯萎了，就再養(yǎng)一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通過類比醫(yī)生和律師需要不斷實(shí)踐來強(qiáng)調(diào)“照顧植物需要反復(fù)嘗試”。她認(rèn)為養(yǎng)植物失敗是正常的，重要的是持續(xù)努力。由此推斷，她提到醫(yī)生和律師是為了解釋“重復(fù)努力的重要性”。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功為例引出室內(nèi)植物行業(yè)的興起，第二段至第三段通過Knuth的研究說明植物能通過降低皮質(zhì)醇水平改善心情、提升生產(chǎn)率，第四段鼓勵(lì)人們嘗試養(yǎng)植物。全文核心圍繞“植物對情緒和健康的積極影響”展開。選項(xiàng)B“PlantsBoostYourMood(植物改善你的情緒)”最能概括文章主旨，適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。DDoesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunusedfood?Minedoes.MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica,wherethephrase“therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica”wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindustries.Fromtechnologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns,foodproducersandsellersarelookingforwaystousemoreofwhatwe’realreadygrowing.Butlastmonth,onepopularNewYorkCityrestauranttriedadifferentway:Itchangeditsmenutoexclusively(專門)offerfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage’sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwastED,andserveditemslikefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver’svegetablesalad.Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33poundsoffoodwasteforevery$1,000inrevenue(收入),andofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonatedorrecycled.Upto84.3%issimplythrownout.RestaurantslikeSilointheUKhaveexperimentedwithzero-wastesystems,butwastEDtooktheconcepttoitslogicalconclusion.ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED’smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.Nevertheless,itservesasareminderthattherearemanywaystoaddressproblemsofsustainability,andthatyoucanmakeanamazingmealoutofalmostanything.12.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’searlylife?A.Hewitnessedfoodshortage. B.Heenjoyedthelocalcuisine.C.HedonatedfoodtoAfricans. D.Hehelpedtocookathome.13.WhydidBlueHillcarryouttheexperiment?A.Tocustomizedishesforguests. B.Tomakethepublicawareoffoodwaste.C.Totestafoodprocessingmethod. D.ToimprovetheUK’szero-wastesystems.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Whytheingredientswereused. B.Whichdisheswerebestliked.C.Whatthedishesweremadeof. D.Wheretheingredientswerebought.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutwastED?A.Ithasendedasplanned. B.Itiscreatingnewjobs.C.Ithasregainedpopularity. D.Itiscriticizedbytopchefs.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了食物浪費(fèi)問題，并以紐約一家餐廳的短期實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目“wastED”為例，該餐廳通過創(chuàng)意改造本該被丟棄的食材制作菜品，以此提高人們對可持續(xù)飲食的關(guān)注。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfricawherethephrase“therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica”wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.(這種感覺或許源于在南非的成長經(jīng)歷——在那里，“非洲還有孩子在挨餓”這句話與其說是晚餐時(shí)的祈禱，不如說是對現(xiàn)實(shí)令人不安的提醒)”可知，作者在南非長大，那里有孩子挨餓是事實(shí)，由此可推斷作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情況。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.(每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人們對食物浪費(fèi)的認(rèn)識)”可知，BlueHill餐廳進(jìn)行這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，將菜單改為只提供原本會被扔掉的食物，是為了提高公眾對食物浪費(fèi)的認(rèn)識。故選B。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED’smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.(值得注意的是，從技術(shù)上講，wastED的菜單上沒有一項(xiàng)是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多數(shù)餐館永遠(yuǎn)不會考慮供應(yīng)的肉類部位和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。羽衣甘藍(lán)莖、魚頸肉、被挑揀的紅薯和黃瓜蒂等東西都被重新利用，在許多優(yōu)秀廚師的助力下，變成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介紹了wastED菜單上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘藍(lán)莖、魚頸肉、被挑揀的紅薯和黃瓜蒂等，所以本段主要講的是這些菜肴是由什么做成的。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.(盡管wastED餐廳收獲了熱烈的評價(jià)，但它從一開始就被設(shè)計(jì)為短期實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目；此后，BlueHill餐廳已回歸常規(guī)菜單)”可知，wastED從一開始就被設(shè)計(jì)為短期實(shí)驗(yàn)，現(xiàn)在餐廳已恢復(fù)常規(guī)菜單，從而推斷，實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目“wastED”已經(jīng)按計(jì)劃結(jié)束了。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。UnexpectedBenefitsofVolunteeringasaFamilyAreyoulookingforawaytobringyourfamilytogether?Hopingtofindahobbythatcanbesharedbyboththelittleonesandadults?___16___Youmayknowthe“feel-good”emotionsthatcomewithhelpingothers,butthereareevenmoreunexpectedwaysvolunteeringwillpositivelyaffectthewholefamily.●You’llfeellikeyouhavemoretime.Peopleoftenfeeltheyaretoobusytovolunteer.Yet,researchhasfoundthatgivingyourtimetocommunitycausesactuallymakesyoufeellikeyouhavemoreofit.___17___●Youcanlivelongerifyouvolunteerregularly.___18___WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.Volunteersarealsomorelikelytolookaftertheirownhealthandaremorefocusedonaddingphysicalactivityintotheirlives.●___19___Volunteeringduringteenageyearshasbeenlinkedtosomemajorpositiveeffectssuchasimprovedgradesandincreasedself-confidence.Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectateen’swell-beingintheyearstocome.●You’llhavemoretimewithfamily.Familieswhovolunteertogetherhavetheuniqueexperienceofworkingtowardacommongoal.___20___Everyonebringssomethinguniquetothetableandcanconnectwitheachotherinanewway.And,therearetasksforeveryageandability,soallyourchildrencanfeelproudoftheirwork.A.Helpingthecommunitylowersratesofdepression.B.Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.D.Volunteeringcanbethefirststepinbreakingdownprejudice.E.Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.F.Youmayevenlearnthatyourkidhasatalentyoudidn’tknowaboutbefore.G.Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.C20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹家庭共同參與志愿活動(dòng)帶來的意外好處，包括感覺時(shí)間更充裕、促進(jìn)身體健康、對青少年產(chǎn)生長遠(yuǎn)積極影響以及增進(jìn)家庭互動(dòng)等。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Areyoulookingforawaytobringyourfamilytogether?Hopingtofindahobbythatcanbesharedbyboththelittleonesandadults?(你在尋找讓家人團(tuán)聚的方法嗎？希望找到一個(gè)大人和小孩都能參與的愛好嗎)”可知，此處以提問方式引出家庭共同活動(dòng)的需求，空格處需給出解決方案。B選項(xiàng)“Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.(全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteeringasafamily”直接回應(yīng)“bringyourfamilytogether”和“sharedhobby”，引出下文對家庭志愿活動(dòng)好處的具體說明，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)段落主題句“You’llfeellikeyouhavemoretime.(你會覺得自己有更多時(shí)間)”及上文“Yet,researchhasfoundthatgivingyourtimetocommunitycausesactuallymakesyoufeellikeyouhavemoreofit.(然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，把時(shí)間投入到社區(qū)事業(yè)中實(shí)際上會讓你覺得自己擁有更多時(shí)間)”可推知，設(shè)空處需解釋“感覺時(shí)間更多”原因。G選項(xiàng)“Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.(志愿活動(dòng)讓你感覺有能力，并激勵(lì)你充分利用每一天)”中的“makesyoufeelcapable”和“inspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday”從心理層面解釋了為何志愿活動(dòng)會讓人產(chǎn)生時(shí)間更充裕的感覺，與“feellikeyouhavemoretime”形成因果關(guān)聯(lián)。故選G項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文“WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.(華盛頓大學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，55歲及以上的成年人中，參與志愿服務(wù)的人群比同齡人擁有更優(yōu)的記憶力，且能更長久地維持整體健康狀態(tài))”可知，本段聚焦志愿活動(dòng)對成年人身體健康的益處。E選項(xiàng)“Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.(對成年人來說，志愿活動(dòng)可以帶來顯著的身體健康益處)”中的“Foradults”對應(yīng)“adults55andolder”，“physicalhealthbenefits”概括了“bettermemory”和“maintainedoverallhealth”，與本段的主題吻合。故選E項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Volunteeringduringteenageyearshasbeenlinkedtosomemajorpositiveeffectssuchasimprovedgradesandincreasedself-confidence.Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectteen’swell-beingintheyearstocom