海事文化英語教程MaritimeTradeontheSilkRoad

SeasinChinaABUnit2TextAPre-readingActivities1UnderstandingtheText2DetailedStudyoftheText3Exercises4Translationofthetext5UnitProject61Pre-readingActivities

HowmanyroutesdidtheMaritimeSilkRoadconsistof?Givedetailedinformation.2WhatChinesegoodswereexportedandwhatexoticgoodswereimportedviatheancientMaritimeSilkRoad.

3WhyisHongKongsoimportanttoGuangzhouintermsofshipping?WatchthevideoAnExhibitionattheMuseumofHistoryandanswerthefollowingquestions:Pre-readingActivities1.HowmanyroutesdidtheMaritimeSilkRoadconsistof?Givedetailedinformation.TheMaritimeSilkRoadwascomprisedoftwomajorshippingroutes:theEastChinaSearoutelinkingChinawiththeKoreanPeninsulaandJapanesearchipelago;andtheSouthChinaSearoutereachingfromChinawestwardstoSoutheastAsiaandtheIndianOcean.Pre-readingActivities2.WhatChinesegoodswereexportedandwhatexoticgoodsimportedviatheancientMaritimeSilkRoad?Chinesesilk,pottery,tea,andothergoodsweresenttotheMiddleEastandotherAsianandAfricanlocationsviatheSouthChinaSea,PersianGulfandRedSea.Spices,woolentextiles,ivory,andothercommoditiesflowedintoChinafromoversea.Pre-readingActivities3.WhatroledidHongKongplaytoforeignvessels?ForeignvesselsheadingtoChinausuallyreplenishedtheirsuppliesinHongKongbeforecontinuingupthePearlRivertoGuangzhou.Simultaneously,commercialvesselsexportinggoodstoforeignlocationsalsosailedthroughHongKong.VideoScripts

TheMaritimeSilkRoadwasamajorconduitforforeigntradeinancientChina.TheMuseumofHistoryishostinganexhibitiononthisvitaltradingroute,displayingpreciousrelicsfromeightmajorChineseportcitiesandexploringthevibrantdevelopmentofChina'smaritimetransport,tradeandculturalexchangesthroughdifferenthistoricalperiods.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

Inthisexhibition,visitorscanseeporcelainfromvariouskilnsmadeindifferentdynastiesinChinaforexport.Forexample,Zhangzhoukiln’sblueandwhiteporcelainintheMingdynastywerethesignatureproductsoftheporcelainexporttrade.TheproductsweresoldinbulktoJapanandSoutheastAsiancountrieslikeIndonesia.Today,inthehomesofaffluentIndonesians,Chineseporcelainisstillusedasadecorativeornamentandasanindicatorofsocialstatus.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

Themuseum'sCuratorTerenceCheungsaidtheMaritimeSilkRoadwascomprisedoftwomajorshippingroutes:theEastChinaSearoutelinkingChinawiththeKoreanPeninsulaandJapanesearchipelago;andtheSouthChinaSearouteconnectingChinatoSoutheastAsiaandtheIndianOcean.Itpromotedtheinteractionandintegrationofdifferentethnicities,religions,andcultures.HesaidthediscoveryofpreciouswaresfromancientsitesliketheHepuHantombclusterinGuangxi,showsChinesecitieswerehighlyprosperousforeigntradeports.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

HistoricalrecordsshowthatduringtheHanandJinperiod,thegemstoneagatewasprimarilyaproductofDaqin,theancientRomanEmpire.ThediscoveryofthesematerialsofEuropeanandWestAsianorigininthetombsprovesHepu’spositionasaforeigntradehubfortheCentralPlains.Featuring170setsofculturalrelicsfromeightMaritimeSilkRoadcities,aswellas30artefactsfromHongKong,theexhibitionshowstherolesandfunctionsofthecitiesastheygrewandprosperedonthetradingroute.Pre-readingActivitiesVideoScripts

AstheeconomiccentreshiftedsouthduringtheSongandMingperiod,Guangzhougraduallybecameamajorportofnationalimportance.Intermsofmaritimetrade,HongKongandGuangzhouareinterdependent,thereforeHongKongbecameincreasinglyimportanttotheMaritimeSilkRoad.Largevolumesofbrokenblueandwhiteporcelain,whichweremadebyciviliankilnsinJingdezhenduringtheMingdynasty,werediscoveredinPenny’sBayinHongKong.MrCheungsaid,fromthisevidence,itispossiblePenny’sBaymayhavebeenastopalongtheSouthChinaSeatraderoute.TheexhibitionrunsuntilDecember27.Pre-readingActivitiesTextAMaritimeTradeontheSilkRoad1

MoreSilkRoadgoodsarebelievedtohavereachedtheWestviasearoutes—oftencollectivelyreferredtoastheMaritimeSilkRoad—thanbyoverlandroutes.Whilethesevoyageshadneverbeengoingsmoothly,maritimetradershaddifferentchallengestofaceontheirlengthyjourneys.Manyshipsdisappearedandnoonehasanyideawheretheywentdown.Afewwentdowninwell-knowndangerousplacesliketheGelasaStrait,afunnel-shapedpassagebetweenthesmallIndonesianislandsofBangkaandBelitung,wherethewarmtropicalwatersarefreckledwithtreacherousship-sinkingshallowreefsandsubmergedrocks2Thankstothetechnologicaladvancesinthescienceofnavigation,inastronomy,andinparticularofship-buildingknowledge,thesafetyoflongdistanceseatravelwasgreatlyincreasedthroughouttheMiddleAges.Livelycoastalcitiesgrewuparoundthemostfrequentlyvisitedportsalongtheseroutes,suchasZanzibar,Alexandria,Muscat,andGoa,andthesecitiesbecamewealthycentresfortheexchangeofgoods,ideas,languagesandbeliefs,withlargemarketsandcontinuallychangingpopulationsofmerchantsandsailors.3ThehistoryofChina’smaritimeroutescanbetracedbackovertwothousandsofyears.ChineseenvoyshadbeensailingthroughtheIndianOceantoIndiasinceperhapsthe2ndcenturyBC.AroundtheA.D.7thcentury,duringtheTangDynasty(618–907AD),SilkRoadlandroutesfellintodeclineassearoutesopenedupbetweenChinaandtheMiddleEast.TheChinesebegantoengageinlarge-scaleproductionforoverseasexportfromthisperiodoftime.ItwasduringtheTangdynastythatastrongChinesemaritimepresencecouldbefoundinthePersianGulfandRedSea,intoPersia,Mesopotamia(sailinguptheEuphratesRiverinmodern-dayIraq),Arabia,Egypt,Aksum(Ethiopia),andSomaliaintheHornofAfrica.Thus,anextensivetradenetworkbetweenChinaandexoticregionswasestablished4Fromtheninthtofourteenthcenturies,navigationflowedalongsearoutesinAsia.ShipsbothlargeandsmallpliedtheseroutesingreatnumbersbackandforthintheseasoffChinaandevenasfarastheIndianOcean,makingcontactwithothercivilizationsinEastandSoutheastAsia,theIndiansubcontinent,andtheArabianPeninsula.Subsequently,withthediscoveryofnewnavigationroutesinthelatefifteenthcentury,EuropeanshipsbegantomaketheirwaytotheEastinincreasingnumbers,expandingthedistributionofChinesegoodsmadeforforeigntradetoEuropeandtheWestfromtheoriginalareasinAsiaandAfrica,creatingatrulyglobalconnectedsystemfortradeandcommerce.5DuringSongtimes(960–1279AD),maritimetradeforthefirsttimeexceededoverlandforeigntrade.TheSonggovernmentsentmissionstoSoutheastAsiancountriestoencouragetheirtraderstocometoChina.ChineseshipswereseenallthroughouttheIndianOceanandbegantodisplaceIndianandArabmerchantsintheSouthSeas.Chinesegoodsthatflowedabroadinlargequantitiesincludedtea,silk,coppercoins(widelyusedasacurrencyoutsideofChina),paperandprintedbooks,porcelain,lacquerware,jewelry,riceandothergrains,gingerandotherspices.Economicactivityandtherisingdemandforgoodswasamajorspurtoscientificandtechnologicalcreativity.Itwasinthisperiodcraftsmenappliedknowntechnologytocreatethemaritimecompass,whichallowedshipstonavigateasfarastheRedSea,totradewithMiddleEasternmarkets.6IntheSouthernSongperiod(1127–1279AD),withtheriseoflargeharborsdealinginforeigntradeatGuangzhou,Quanzhou,Lin’an,andMingzhou(Ningbo,Zhejiang),theareaoftradeexpandedtotheSouthChinaSeaandwesttoasfarasPersia,theMediterraneanSea,andEastAfrica.ThedevelopmentofChan(Zen)BuddhistpaintingandcalligraphywasalsoanimportantlinkforthespreadofSongculture.ForthefirsttimeinChinesehistory,shipbuildingbecameamajorindustry,andahostofinventionsledtotheconstructionoftechnologicallyadvancedships,adaptabletobothcommercialandmilitaryuses.7BythebeginningoftheMingDynasty(1368–1644AD),Chinahadreachedapeakofnavaltechnologyunsurpassedintheworld.WhileusingmanytechnologiesofChineseinvention,ChineseshipbuildersalsocombinedtechnologiestheyborrowedandadaptedfromseafarersoftheSouthChinaSeaandtheIndianOcean.Forcenturies,Chinawasthepreeminentmaritimepowerintheregion,withadvancesinnavigation,navalarchitecture,andpropulsion.Fromtheninthcenturyon,theChinesehadtakentheirmagneticcompassesaboardshipstousefornavigating(twocenturiesbeforeEurope).Inadditiontocompasses,Chinesecouldnavigatebythestarswhenskieswereclear,usingprintedmanualswithstarchartsandcompassbearingsthathadbeenavailablesincethethirteenthcentury.Starchartshadbeenproducedfromatleasttheeleventhcentury,reflectingChina’sconcernwithheavenlyevents.DuringtheMingtimes,commercialtransactionsexistedbetweentheRyukyusandpartsofSoutheastAsia.PrivatetradeexistedbetweenChinaandJapan,evenduringtheso-calledsakokuperiodofthe17thcenturywhenJapanwastheoreticallyclosedtoforeigncommerce.8Withtheeffortsofmorethanonethousandyears,arichnetworkoftradebetweenChinaandexoticregionshadreachedandawidevarietyofexoticgoodsflowedintoChina,oneofthefourancientcivilizations.IntotheportsofeasternChinacameceladon,goldandsilver,horsesandoxenfromKoreaandJapan.IntotheportsofsouthernChinacamehardwoodsandothertreeproducts,ivory,rhinoceroshorn,brilliantkingfisherfeathers,ginger,sulfurandtinfromVietnamandSiaminmainlandsoutheastAsia;cloves,nutmeg,batikfabrics,pearls,treeresins,andbirdplumesfromSumatra,Java,andtheMoluccasinislandsoutheastAsia.TradewindsacrosstheIndianOceanbroughtshipscarryingcardamom,cinnamon,ginger,turmeric,andespeciallypepperfromCalicutonthesouthwesterncoastofIndia,gemstonesfromCeylon(SriLanka),aswellaswoolens,carpets,andmorepreciousstonesfromportsasfarawayasHormuzonthePersianGulfandAdenontheRedSea.AgriculturalproductsfromnorthandeastAfricaalsomadetheirwaytoChina,thoughlittlewasknownaboutthoseregions.UnderstandingtheTextI.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.HowweremostgoodstransportedonSilkRoad,byseaorbyland?2.WhyisGelasaStraitdangerousforships?3.WhathasledtothedeclineofSilkRoadlandroutes?4.WhydidtheSonggovernmentsendmissionstoSoutheastAsiancountries?5.WhatgoodswereexportedinSongDynasty?6.Whohascreatedthemaritimecompass?7.WasthecompasstheonlydeviceforguidingthewayinnavigationintheMingDynasty?8.WhatcountriesandregionsarementionedinthelastparagraphtoillustratetheprosperityoftradeinancientChina?I.Answerthefollowingquestions.HowweremostgoodstransportedonSilkRoad,byseaorbyland?Key:MostgoodsweretransportedonSilkRoadbysea.2.WhyisGelasaStraitdangerousforships?Key:BecausetheGelasaStraightisafunnel-shapedpassagebetweenthesmallIndonesianislandsofBangkaandBelitung,wherethewarmtropicalwatersarefreckledwithtreacherousship-sinkingshallowreefsandsubmergedrocks.UnderstandingtheText3.WhathasledtothedeclineofSilkRoadlandroutes?Key:Theopen-upofsearoutesbetweenChinaandtheMiddleEastledtothedecline4.WhydidtheSonggovernmentsendmissionstoSoutheastAsiancountries?Key:BecausetheSonggovernmentwantedtoencouragethetradersofSoutheastAsiancountriestocometoChina.UnderstandingtheText5.WhatgoodswereexportedinSongDynasty?Key:ChinesegoodsthatwereexportedinSongDynastyincludedtea,silk,coppercoins(widelyusedasacurrencyoutsideofChina),paperandprintedbooks,porcelain,lacquerware,jewelry,riceandothergrains,gingerandotherspices.6.Whohascreatedthemaritimecompass?Key:Craftsmenappliedknowntechnologytocreatethemaritimecompass.UnderstandingtheText7.WasthecompasstheonlydeviceforguidingthewayinnavigationintheMingDynasty?Key:No.Inadditiontocompasses,Chinesecouldnavigatebythestarswhenskieswereclear,usingprintedmanualswithstarchartsandcompassbearingsthathadbeenavailablesincethethirteenthcentury.UnderstandingtheText8.WhatcountriesandregionsarementionedinthelastparagraphtoillustratetheprosperityoftradeinancientChina?Key:ThecountriesandregionsmentionedareKorea,Japan,Vietnam,Siam,Sumatra,Java,theMoluccas,Calicut,Ceylon,Hormuz,AdenandnorthandeastAfrica.UnderstandingtheTextFillinthetablewiththeinformationfromthetext.UnderstandingtheTextTimeMajorEvents/ActivitiesTangDynastySongDynastySouthernSongDynastyMingDynastySilkRoadlandroutesfellintodeclineassearoutesopenedupbetweenChinaandtheMiddleEast.Maritimetradeforthefirsttimeexceededoverlandforeigntrade.TheapplicationofmaritimecompassTheareaoftradeexpandedtotheSouthChinaSeaandwesttoasfarasPersia,theMediterraneanSea,andEastAfrica.Shipbuildingbecameamajorindustry.Chinahadreachedapeakofnavaltechnologyunsurpassedintheworld,usingcompasses,starcharts.DetailedStudyoftheTextAVocabularyBExpressionsCUnderstandingofdifficultSentencesreferto…as

DetailedStudytheTexttomentionorspeakaboutsb./sth.提到；談及；說起e.g.Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusuallyreferredtoas"whitecollarworkers"那些在辦公室工作的人被稱為“白領工人”e.g.ThepeoplewerefertoasNetWormsareaddictedtotheInternet.所謂網蟲,就是上網上癮的人.submerge

DetailedStudytheTextvt.淹沒;把…浸入;沉浸;e.g.Thewaterswererisingabouttherockandwouldsoonsubmergeit.水快漲到跟巖石一樣高了，很快就會淹沒它。淹沒;潛入水中;湮沒;e.g.Thesubmarinecansubmergeveryquickly.潛艇能非常迅速地潛入水中.tracebackDetailedStudytheTexttofindtheoriginsofbyfindingprooforbygoingbackintime回憶;溯

e.g.Herfearofwatercanbetracedbacktoachildhoodaccident.她很怕水,起因可歸于兒時的一次事故.e.g.TheoriginonThanksgivingDayshouldtracebacktothemakingastartofU.感恩節的由來要一直追溯到美國歷史的發端.decline

DetailedStudytheText下降;（力量、健康、品格、權力、價值等的）衰退;下傾;（人、生命等的）衰退期;e.g.Thefirstsignsofeconomicdeclinebecamevisible.經濟衰退的最初跡象開始顯現出來。（道路、物體等）下傾;（太陽）落下;（在品格、價值上）降低;衰落，謝絕;e.g.Wemanagedtodeclinegracefully.我們設法婉拒了。Hedeclinestojointhegardeningclub.他拒絕參加園藝俱樂部。exceedDetailedStudytheTextvt.tobegreaterthanaparticularnumberoramount超過（數量）e.g.Thepricewillnotexceed￡100.價格不會超過100英鎊。e.g.Hisachievementshaveexceededexpectations.他的成就出乎預料。spur

DetailedStudytheText馬刺;激勵因素;支柱;

e.g.Hisspeechwasapowerfulspurtoaction.他的講話很有鼓動力。

e.g.Thisbookisaspurtothechild'simagination.這本書能促進孩子的想象力.spur

DetailedStudytheTextvt.策（馬）前進;（尤指用馬刺）策（馬）加速;鞭策;e.g.Evenasmallsuccesswouldspurmeontogreatereffort.哪怕是微小的成功也會促使我做出更大的努力.e.g.Criticismcanbeofgreatuse;wemaynotlikeitatthetime,butitcanspurusontogreaterthings.批評可能會很有用；我們當時可能不喜歡它，但它能激勵我們獲取更大成功。unsurpassed

DetailedStudytheTexta.(fml.)betterorgreaterthananyother無比的；卓絕的；出類拔萃的e.g.Mycountryisblessedwithunsurpassednaturalresources.我國有得天獨厚的自然資源.e.g.Animalandplantlivesareabundant,andthesceneryisunsurpassed.這里的動物和植物種類繁多,景色美不勝收.preeminent

DetailedStudytheTexta.greatestinimportanceordegreeorsignificanceorachievement;卓越的，杰出的，超群的Heisapreeminentscholar.他是個卓越的學者.

e.g.Apreeminentactorcanbringafictionalcharactertolife.一個優秀的演員能把虛擬的人物演得有聲有色.makeone’swayto

DetailedStudytheTextGoinaparticulardirectionortoaparticulardestination前往某地：朝著某個目的地或地點前進e.g.Whenhisnamewascalled,hemadehiswaytothestage.當叫到他的名字時，他走向舞臺。e.g.Aftercollege,shesetouttomakeherwayintheworldasalawyer.大學畢業后，她開始以律師的身份在世界上闖蕩.overlandroutestechnologicaladvancesthe

MiddleAgescoastalcitieslarge-scaleproductionnavalarchitecturecommercialtransactionsthefourancientcivilizations貿易往來B.沿海城市C.中世紀D.大規模生產E.陸路F.技術進步G.造船技術H.四大文明古國EFCBDGAHMaritimeTradeontheSilkRoadDetailedStudytheText

straitshallowreefsubmergedrock,astronomysailsailor/seafarerply(backandforth),subcontinentmarine/maritimecompass

海峽淺礁暗礁天文學航行水手/海員（船、公共汽車等）定期行駛次大陸海事的/航海的指南針

MaritimeExpressionsDetailedStudytheTextnavaltechnologynavalarchitecture,aboardstarchartscompassbearings

航海技術船舶學登船星圖羅盤方位圖MaritimeExpressionsDetailedStudytheText1.MoreSilkRoadgoodsarebelievedtohavereachedtheWestviasearoutes---oftencollectivelyreferredtoastheMaritimeSilkRoad---thanbyoverlandroutes.人們認為，絲綢之路上更多的商品是通過海路而非陸路到達西方的，這條海上路線常被人們稱為海上絲綢之路。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText2.Thankstothetechnologicaladvancesinthescienceofnavigation,inastronomy,andinparticularofship-buildingknowledge,thesafetyoflong-distanceseatravelwasgreatlyincreasedthroughouttheMiddleAges.由于航海學

、天文學，尤其是造船知識方面的技術進步，整個中世紀海上長途航行的安全性得到大大提高。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText3.BythebeginningoftheMingDynasty(1368-1644AD),Chinahadreachedapeakofnavaltechnologyunsurpassedintheworld.明朝初期（公元1368-1644），中國船舶制造技術達到了世界尖端水平。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText4.Inadditiontocompasses,Chinesecouldnavigatebythestarswhenskieswereclear,usingprintedmanualswithstarchartsandcompassbearingsthathadbeenavailablesincethethirteenthcentury.除羅盤外，早在公元十三世紀，在天氣晴朗的時候，中國人已經利用繪有星圖和羅盤方位的印刷手冊來觀察星辰進行海上航行。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheText5.Withtheeffortsofmorethanonethousandyears,arichnetworkoftradebetweenChinaandexoticregionshadreachedandawidevarietyofexoticgoodsflowedintoChina,oneofthefourancientcivilizations.經過一千多年的努力，中國和異域之間形成了一個繁榮的貿易網絡，各種各樣外國商品流入四大古國之一的中國。UnderstandingdifficultsentencesDetailedStudytheTextIII.Completethefollowingsentencesbyselectingappropriatewordsfromthewordbank.Changetheformwherenecessary.Exercisesmerchantadaptabletreacherous envoy declineexotic transaction spur preeminent submerge1.Theiceontheroadsmadedrivingconditions___________.2.Thefieldshadbeen___________byfloodwater3.HesentEvansashispersonal________todiscusswaystomendrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.treacheroussubmergedenvoyExercisesmerchantadaptabletreacherous envoy declineexotic transaction spur preeminent submerge4.Thenumberoftouriststotheresort__________by10%lastyear.5.Shetravelstoallkindsof_______locationsallovertheworld.6.Coldanddroughttolerant,thenewvarietyis___________tonorthChina.7.Hisspeechwasapowerful________toaction.declinedexoticadaptable spurExercisesmerchantadaptabletreacherous envoy declineexotic transaction spur preeminent submerge8.Ifyoudogointothered（透支）,yougetcharged30pforeach____________.9.Thiscountryhasalwaysbeen____________inthefieldofmedicalresearch.10.The_________expandedhisbusinessandheapedupafortune.

transactionpreeminentmerchantIV.FillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagebyselectingappropriatewordsfromtheWordBank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsmorethanonce.ExercisesA.atB.emperorsC.thrivedD.sprungE.prosperousF.onG.tripsH.fromI.recordedJ.particularlyK.inL.aroundM.producedN.tradeO.expeditionExercisesatB.emperorsC.thrivedD.sprungE.prosperousF.onG.tripsH.fromI.recordedJ.particularlyK.inL.aroundM.producedN.tradeO.expeditionOneofthelessknowntradingpartnersoftheancientChinatradewasTondo,thepre-colonialkingdominthePhilippines.ChinesetradersfromwhatisnowFujianprovincebeganarriving

thePhilippinesinthe10thcentury.Naturalresources

thejungleofthePhilippinesweretradedforgoodsfromChinaandSoutheastAsia.KHExercisesatB.emperorsC.thrivedD.sprungE.prosperousF.onG.tripsH.fromI.recordedJ.particularlyK.inL.aroundM.producedN.tradeO.expeditionTheChinesebecamethefirstforeignerstodobusinesswiththeislandstheycalledMaiasearlyasthe2ndcenturyAD,althoughthefirst

Chinese

tothePhilippineswasinAD982.Withinafewdecades,ChinesetraderswereregularvisitorstotownsalongthecoastsofLuzon（呂宋島）,Mindoro（民都洛島）andSulu（蘇祿群島）,andby___

AD1100travelersfromIndia,Borneo（婆羅洲）,Sumatra（蘇門答臘島）,Java（爪哇島）,Siam（暹羅）andJapanwerealsoincludingtheislandsontheir

runs.GoldwasbythenbigbusinessinButuan(onthenortherncoastofMindanao),Chinesesettlementshad

upinManila（馬尼拉）andonJolo（霍洛島）,andJapanesemerchantswerebuyingshopspaceinManilaandNorthLuzon.IOLNDExercisesatB.emperorsC.thrivedD.sprungE.prosperousF.onG.tripsH.fromI.recordedJ.particularlyK.inL.aroundM.producedN.tradeO.expeditionForseveralcenturiesthispeacefultradearrangement

.Despitetheisland’swell-knownriches,theinhabitantswereneverdirectlythreatenedbytheirpowerfulAsiantradingpartners.Thekey,

inthecaseofChina,wasdiplomacy.Throughoutthe14thand15thcenturies,thetriballeadersofthePhilippineswouldmakeregularvisitstoPeking(Beijing)tohonortheChinese

.CJB點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本V.Thesuffix“-y”canbeaddedtonounstoformadjectiveswiththemeaningof“fullof”,“coveredwith”,“havingthequalityof”,or“inclinedto”.Forexample:salt－salty sun－sunnyhealth－healthy mud－muddyTheprefix“ex-”isaLatinwordthatexpressesthemeaningof“out”,“up”,“at”or“away”.Forexample:export excelexceed extractNowlearnthewordsgivenbelowandcompletethefollowingsentenceswiththem.Changetheformwherenecessary.Exercisesexploreexpelextractexcelexceedtastywealthyicycurlysalty

點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本Exercises1.Alloftheelegantwomencamefrom_________,upperclassfamilies.2.Sheistallanddarkwith______hair.3.Foreignjournalistsarebeing________fromthatcountry.4.Shanghaifoodisratheroily,andBeijingfoodis_____andspicy.5.Ifyourtalentcombineswithdiligence,youcan______inyourpursuit.wealthycurlyexpelledsaltyexcelexploreexpelextractexcelexceedtastywealthyicycurlysalty

點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本Exercises6.Thespeedlimitis40milesanhour.Don't________thismaximum.7.Iwillnottaketheriskofdrivingonthe______road.8.Spaceandoceansarethenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingto_________.9.Freshlybakedapplepiemakesa______dessert.10.Adentistmaydecideto______thetoothtopreventrecurrenttrouble.exceedicyexploretastyextract

VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.MoreSilkRoadgoodsarebelievedtohavereachedtheWestviasearoutes—oftencollectivelyreferredtoastheMaritimeSilkRoad—thanbyoverlandroutes.人們相信，更多的絲綢之路商品通過海上路線（通常統稱為海上絲綢之路）而非陸路路線到達西方。Exercises

VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.2. Itwasinthisperiodthatcraftsmenappliedknowntechnologytocreatethemaritimecompass,whichallowedshipstonavigateasfarastheRedSea,totradewithMiddleEasternmarkets.正是在這一時期，工匠們運用已知的技術創造了航海指南針，使船只能夠航行到紅海與中東市場進行貿易。Exercises

VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.3. ForthefirsttimeinChinesehistory,shipbuildingbecameamajorindustry,andahostofinventionsledtotheconstructionoftechnologicallyadvancedships,adaptabletobothcommercialandmilitaryuses.在中國歷史上，造船首次成為一個重要行業，大量發明促成建造技術先進、既適用于商業又適用于軍事的船只。Exercises

VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

4. Inadditiontocompasses,Chinesecouldnavigatebythestarswhenskieswereclear,usingprintedmanualswithstarchartsandcompassbearingsthathadbeenavailablesincethethirteenthcentury.除了指南針之外，中國人還可以在天空晴朗的時候利用星星進行導航，這要借助帶有星圖和指南針方位的印刷手冊，這些手冊從13世紀就開始使用了。Exercises

VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.5. AgriculturalproductsfromnorthandeastAfricaalsomadetheirwaytoChina,thoughlittlewasknownaboutthoseregions.北非和東非的農產品也進入了中國，盡管人們對這些地區知之甚少。ExercisesVII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.幾個世紀以來，絲綢一直受到許多民族和國家的青睞。絲綢貿易甚至在有記載的絲綢之路旅行之前就開始了。盡管人們都認為絲綢之路是在漢代和羅馬帝國時期開通的，帶有絲綢的埃及木乃伊的發現證明，從東方到西方的絲綢貿易可以追溯到公元1070年左右。

Forcenturiessilkhasbeenfavoredafterbymanypeoplesandcountries.ThesilktradebeganevenbeforerecordedtraveltookplaceontheSilkRoad.ThediscoveryofanEgyptianmummywithsilkservesasevidencethatthesilktradefromeasttowestcanbedatedtoabout1070BC,althoughtheSilkRoadwasknowntobeopenduringthedaysoftheHanandRomanempires.Exercises點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本點擊添加文本絲綢之路上的海上貿易

1人們認為，絲綢之路的更多商品是通過海路到達西方的——常被稱為海上絲綢之路——而非陸路。這些航程從不是一帆風順的，海商在漫長的旅程中面臨著各種挑戰。許多船只消失不見，從何處沉沒也無人知曉。有一些船只是在眾所周知的危險地帶失事，如格拉薩海峽，在邦加島和勿里洞島的印度尼西亞小島之間的一個漏斗形的通道，那里溫暖的熱帶水域布滿了變幻莫測讓船只沉沒的淺礁和淹沒在水中的巖石。

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由于航海學，天文學，尤其是造船知識方面的技術進步，整個中世紀海上長途航行的安全性得到大大提高。這些航線沿岸，船只造訪最頻繁的港口周邊興起了一些生機勃發的沿海城市，如桑給巴爾，亞歷山大港，馬斯喀特和果阿。這些城市擁有龐大的市場和不斷往來的商人和水手，成了各種商品、思想、語言和信仰的交流中心，極為富庶。TranslationoftheTextTranslationoftheText

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中國的海路發展史可以追溯到兩千多年前。大約從公元前二世紀開始，中國