KeysToExercisesUnit15TextAExercisesComprehensionoftheTextReadthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.WhydidglobalmediareportthattheEverGivenincidentcausedaworldwidecrisiswithglobalconsequences?Becauseitdemonstratedhowamajorstrategicaxisforworldtradeandnavigationcanbecomeachokepoint.WhydidSylvainGaudensaythatthegroundingofthegiantEverGivenhadshowntheworldthehiddenrealityofoureconomicsystem?Shippingrepresentsthebackboneofinternationaltradeandcommerce.Atsometimeintheirproductionanddistribution,90%ofallconsumergoodstransitbysea,beitasrawmaterials,components,orfinishedproducts.Someproductsrequiremanystepsintheirmanufacturingandthusmakeitaroundtheworldseveraltimesbeforereachingtheconsumer.Whyistimesoessentialforshippingindustry?Becausesomeofthosecargoesareperishableandtheyareexpectedbytheirowners.WhatelementscontributedtotheEverGivenbeingblocked?Asandstorm,poorvisibility,astrongsouthwindandsomemiscommunicationcombinedtomaketheEverGivenaccelerateinthenarrowchannel,renderingitun-maneuverable.HowmanyshipsonaveragepassthroughtheSuezCanaleveryday?Howmanyvesselsintotalwereblockedfromcrossingthewaterwayandhowlongdidittaketoreleasethem?Anaverageof52shipspassthroughtheSuezCanaleveryday.Asmanyas400shipswereblockedintotal.Ittooksixdaysandanintensiveinternationalrescueoperationtoreleasethevessel.Howfastarethesevesselsandhowmuchwillitcosttorentsuchaship?Thesevesselscircumnavigatetheglobeat20knots.CharteringashipcancostasmuchasUSD100,000perday.WhyarematterscomplicatedintheEverGivenincident?Becausethepartiesinvolvedhaveinsurancepoliciesoriginatingfromallovertheworld,includingtheshipowner,thecharterer,theownersofthegoods,eventheSuezCanal.Allseektorecoveratleastsomeoftheirlosses.Whowillberesponsibleformuchoftheclaimsandhowhighwouldthatsumbe?Reinsurerswillhavetoabsorbthebulkoftheclaims,whichcouldamounttomorethanUSD2billion.Markthefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F):1--4:TTFT5--8:FFTFVocabularyIII.1.lodged2.embarkon3.divergent4.stakeholder5.grounded6.holistic7.trigger8.alternate9.rendered10.amountedtoIV.1--5:OGKLB6--10:CEIFNWordBuildingV.1.navy2.undergraduates3.underwear4.naval5.underling6.underpopulated7.underwrite8.navigate9.undersea10.circumnavigateTranslationVI.TranslatethefollowingSentencesintoChinese.2021年三月二十三日，超大型集裝箱船長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)進(jìn)入蘇伊士運(yùn)河，該航程一般在十一至十六小時(shí)內(nèi)可以駛向（開(kāi)往）任何地方。然而，長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)造成了堵塞，且該事故引起的供應(yīng)鏈遲滯影響數(shù)月之久。據(jù)全球媒體報(bào)道，長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)事件引發(fā)了具有全球后果的世界危機(jī)。它顯示全球貿(mào)易和航運(yùn)核心戰(zhàn)略軸心也會(huì)成為瓶頸。在消費(fèi)品的生產(chǎn)和分銷(xiāo)中，不管商品是原材料，配件還是成品，有時(shí)90%經(jīng)由海運(yùn)；有些產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)需要多道工序，因此環(huán)球運(yùn)輸數(shù)次才到消費(fèi)者手中。這些船只以二十節(jié)的速度，花費(fèi)數(shù)周環(huán)球航行。租一條船費(fèi)用可達(dá)十萬(wàn)美金一天。沙塵暴襲擊，能見(jiàn)度低，南風(fēng)強(qiáng)勁，加上溝通有誤，以上因素疊加，導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)在狹窄的海峽加速，然后就動(dòng)彈不了了。VI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.TheAncientTea-HorseRoadisatraderoutelocatinginthesouthwesternregionofChina,withhorsesasitsmainmeansoftransportation.Itboaststhehighestandmostdangerousancientroadforcivilizationtransmissionknowntotheworldupuntiltoday.Itexistedasatraderouteforover1,000years,startingfromtheTangDynastytothe20thcentury.Likealargecorridor,theAncientTea-HorseRoadconnectedallnationsalongitsway,stimulatingthecommoditymarketsandboostingagricultureandanimalhusbandry.Meanwhile,theart,religions,customsandculturealongtheregionwerespreadwidelyaswell.Today,theAncientTea-HorseRoadhasbecomeanimportanttouristroute.TranslationoftheText長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)的教訓(xùn)2021年三月二十三日，超大型集裝箱船長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)進(jìn)入蘇伊士運(yùn)河，該航程一般在十一至十六小時(shí)內(nèi)。然而，長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)造成了堵塞，且該事故引起的供應(yīng)鏈遲滯影響數(shù)月之久。據(jù)全球媒體報(bào)道，長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)事件引發(fā)了具有全球后果的世界危機(jī)。它顯示了（蘇伊士運(yùn)河作為）全球貿(mào)易和航運(yùn)核心戰(zhàn)略軸心也會(huì)成為瓶頸。法國(guó)再保險(xiǎn)公司（SCOR）的特殊品保險(xiǎn)海洋交通全球運(yùn)營(yíng)官喬治·得累斯說(shuō)：“長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)的重要且直接后果是供應(yīng)鏈中斷。”航運(yùn)業(yè)很復(fù)雜，全世界從業(yè)人員多達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)，是國(guó)際商業(yè)貿(mào)易的支柱。得益于航運(yùn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和分銷(xiāo)能力，不管商品是原材料，配件還是成品，有時(shí)90%是海運(yùn)；有些產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)需要多道工序，因此環(huán)球運(yùn)輸數(shù)次才到消費(fèi)者手中。SCOR的海洋與能源再保險(xiǎn)主要承保官希爾維·戈登說(shuō):“巨型長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)擱淺，向世界展示了我們經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)隱藏的真相。”運(yùn)河蘇伊士運(yùn)河是世界上最大的人工運(yùn)河，兩百多年前由裴迪南·德·萊塞普斯主持修建。運(yùn)河近200公里長(zhǎng),獨(dú)一無(wú)二，令人贊嘆，它由北至南穿過(guò)埃及，連接歐亞，連通紅海和地中海。平均每天有52艘船通過(guò)蘇伊士運(yùn)河，載有成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)集裝箱和百萬(wàn)噸級(jí)的貨物。這些船只以二十節(jié)的速度，花費(fèi)數(shù)周環(huán)球航行。租一條船費(fèi)用可達(dá)每天十萬(wàn)美金。他們運(yùn)載的一萬(wàn)五千到兩萬(wàn)個(gè)集裝箱里的每一個(gè)都是某人翹首以盼的，時(shí)間很關(guān)鍵。有些貨物容易腐爛，有些則不會(huì)。事故希爾維·戈登繼續(xù)說(shuō):“目前，我們都知道發(fā)生了什么。沙塵暴襲擊，能見(jiàn)度低，南風(fēng)強(qiáng)勁，而且溝通有誤，以上因素疊加，導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)在狹窄的海峽加速，然后就動(dòng)彈不了了。船只由一側(cè)滑向另一邊，最后橫卡在河道上，堵塞了通道。長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)每堵住運(yùn)河一天，幾十條裝有價(jià)值數(shù)十億美元貨物的船只就滯留無(wú)法通過(guò)，滯留船只總數(shù)多達(dá)400條。國(guó)際大范圍救援用了六天時(shí)間救出長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)。許多船務(wù)公司正考慮甚至啟用替代路線(xiàn)——途經(jīng)好望角，盡管這意味著路途遙遠(yuǎn)，花費(fèi)昂貴。經(jīng)管如此，很多人認(rèn)為事情本有可能更糟。至少目前無(wú)人傷亡，而且長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)有可能擱淺更久。后果長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)事件之所以復(fù)雜，是因?yàn)樯婕岸喾健瑬|，承租人，貨主，甚至蘇伊士運(yùn)河——其保險(xiǎn)條款源自全世界。各方都尋求至少挽回一部分損失。訴求包括物理?yè)p壞（對(duì)長(zhǎng)賜號(hào)）