PAGE1-SectionⅢGrammar-復習動詞形式Ⅲ[語法初識]原句感知自主探究1....butwhenIsuggestedthatwemightfindsomethingusefulontheboat,heagreedtogo.2．Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying.3．Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheardthetwomenshouting.4．ButIpersuadedhimtohelpme,wefoundthemen'sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.5．Thereweretwomenstandingoverhim.6．ButalthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltverycurious,soIputmyheadroundthedoor.1.句1和句2分別用了動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語。2．句3和句4分別用了動詞ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補足語。3．句5中動詞ing形式作定語；句6中過去分詞作表語。4．句6中的黑體詞felt為連系動詞。[語法剖析]語法點一非謂語動詞非謂語動詞主要有動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三類，它們沒有人稱和數的改變，但有時態和語態的改變。非謂語動詞能作除謂語之外的其他句子成分。1．動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語(1)動詞不定式作賓語時，往往跟在某些及物動詞的后面。常見的此類動詞有：afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,manage,pretend,plan,refuse,hope,want,wish等。HowIwishtoseemyoldfriendsagain!我是多么想再見到我的老摯友啊！[巧學助記]決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選安排，同意要求幫一幫。(2)跟動詞ing形式作賓語的動詞(短語)有：enjoy,admit,avoid,escape,consider(考慮),delay,putoff,giveup,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk,appreciate,beusedto(習慣于),feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,can'thelp(不由自主)等。Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感謝兩年前給我出國學習的機會。[巧學助記]堅持練習不躲避，建議完成少延期。享受忍受不介意，避開否定與嫉妒。思索冒險想象力，承認過錯寬恕你。(3)動詞不定式或動詞ing形式作賓語時，假如其后跟賓語補足語，這時常用it作形式賓語，把不定式或動詞ing形式后置。Wethinkitquiteimportanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell.我們認為學好一門外語很重要。Weconsideritnousearguingwithher.我們認為和她爭辯是沒用的。(4)既接動詞不定式也接動詞ing形式的動詞①有些動詞接不定式和動詞ing形式時沒有很大區分，如continue,begin,start,prefer,like,love,hate等。②有些動詞或動詞短語后面接不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語，意思卻完全不同。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.遺忘要做某事,forgetdoingsth.遺忘做過某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記得要做某事,rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.準備做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.試圖做某事,trydoingsth.試著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下來去做某事,stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.缺憾/愧疚要做,regretdoingsth.懊悔做過某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.接下來做另外一件事,goondoingsth.接著做原來的事情))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事,can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事))Ireallyregretmissing/havingmissedhislecture.我很懊悔錯過了他的講座。Iregrettotellyouthatyouhavebeendismissed.我很缺憾地告知你你被開除了。2．動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語(1)跟不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：advise,allow,beg,tell,ask,order,persuade,cause,force,forbid,invite,request,want,warn等。Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。(2)有些動詞，如make,let,have,see,watch,hear,notice等用不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，但改為被動語態時，不定式要加to。Isawhimgointotheclassroom.我望見他走進了教室。(3)動詞ing作賓語補足語時，賓語和賓語補足語之間是主動關系，且強調動作正在進行或持續。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天經過她房間時，我聽見她在唱英文歌。Don'thavethelightsburningallthenight.不要讓燈整夜都亮著。[名師點津]感官動詞后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，表示動作已經發生；跟動詞ing形式作賓語補足語時，表示動作正在進行。3．動詞ing形式和動詞ed形式作定語(1)動詞ing形式作定語與被修飾詞之間是主動或進行關系；動詞ed形式作定語與被修飾詞之間是被動或完成關系。Thesleepingboyismyson.那個正睡覺的男孩是我兒子。HaveyoureadanyshortstoriestranslatedbyLuXun?你讀過魯迅先生翻譯的短篇小說嗎？(2)某些具有使動意義的動詞ed形式表示心理感受或心理狀態，常被譯作“感到……的”，而其ing形式常表示事物的性質特征，常譯作“令人感到……的，令人……的”。afrightenedlook一個膽怯 的表情afrighteninglook一個令人膽怯 的表情4．動詞ing形式和動詞ed形式作表語動詞ing作表語表示主語的性質；動詞ed作表語表示主語所處的狀態或主語的感受。Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.那聲大喊令人膽怯 ，那幫男孩膽怯 了。集中演練11－1.單句語法填空①So,whatkindsoffooddoyouavoideating(eat)?②Idon'tallowsmokinginmydrawingroomandIdon'tallowmyfamilyto_smokeatall.(smoke)③AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I'dappreciatehearing(hear)fromyounowandthentelling(tell)mehoweverythingisgoing.④Andwealsogavehimtheboiled(boil)riceandwater.⑤It'stimeIgotdowntothinking(think)aboutthatessay.⑥Ithinkitessentialto_reserve(reserve)airtickets.⑦Theresultofthetalkwassatisfying(satisfy),sowehadabigdinnertogetherlastnight.⑧Thefrightened(frighten)boystartedcryingandlookedforhismothereverywhere.⑨Ifinallypersuadedmymotherto_give(give)memorefreedomonweekends.⑩Harrygotexcited(excite)whenheheardthenewsthathehadbeenchosentobeanexchangestudent.1－2.單句改錯?Thepolicemanwasastonishingtofindthedriverwasanineyearoldboy.astonishing→astonished?AndIoftenhearbirdssung.sung→singing?Thereareancientdescriptionsofcrossbowshidingatthetomb'sentrance.hiding→hidden?“I'lltreatyoutoabigdinnerifIwin.”hesaidinanexcitingvoice.exciting→excited?Weshouldthinkofawaytomakehimbecomeinterestinginoureresting→interested?Don'tworry,Susan.I'llhavePetertohelpyouatonce.去掉to?Assheislookingforwardtohearfromme,pleaseremembertopostthisletteronyourwaytoschool.hear→hearing?Mr.Greenwarnedhissonnottodrivingafterdrinking.driving→drive?NowletmetotellyouwhatIaminterestedin.去掉to?Everyhighschoolstudentwantstogetintofamousuniversitiesandtheyspendmostoftheirtimereviewlessons.review→reviewing語法點二連系動詞1．連系動詞本身有肯定意義，但不能獨立作謂語，必需和表語一起構成復合謂語。常見的連系動詞有：(1)狀態系動詞：be,remain,keep,stay；(2)表示“看起來”的系動詞：seem,appear,look；(3)表示“……起來”的感官系動詞：feel,smell,sound,taste,look；(4)改變系動詞：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.她看到這，臉紅了。Youlookyoungforyourage.就年齡而言，你看上去很年輕。Allourdreamwillcometrueoneday.我們全部的幻想總有一天會成真的。2．連系動詞后面除可跟形容詞外，也可接like,asif/asthough等短語或句型。Hesoundsasifhewerecryingwhilesheappearslikeahappygirl.他聽起來似乎在哭，而她看起來像一個歡樂的女孩。集中演練22－1.完成句子①Atthenews,shebecame_very_angry.聽到這個消息，她變得很生氣。②Theseflowerssmell_very_sweet.這些花聞起來很香。③Sheturned_nurseasshehadexpected.她如愿成為一名護士。④Itlooks_like_a_horseatfirst.一起先它看起來像一匹馬。2－2.翻譯句子⑤她病了一星期了。(fall)It's_a_week_since_she_fell_ill.⑥天看起來似乎要下雨。(look)It_looks_as_if_it_is_going_to_rain.⑦那些橘子很好吃。(taste)Those_oranges_taste_good.⑧天氣變得越來越溫煦了。(get)The_weather_is_getting_warmer_and_warmer.[鏈接高考]單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Theyarerequiredto_process(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.解析：考查非謂語動詞。requiresb.todosth.意為“要求某人做某事”，其中不定式作賓補，變成被動語態為berequiredtodosth.，故填toprocess。2．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空格內的詞與digging，building為并列關系，一起作include的賓語，故填laying。3．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ語法填空)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantsto_prove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：考查非謂語動詞。wanttodosth.意為“想要做某事”，其中不定式作賓語，故填toprove。4．(2024·北京高考)Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：吉姆已經退休了，但是他依舊記得和學生一起度過的歡樂時間。句子已經有謂語了，邏輯主語time和spend之間是動賓關系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。5．(2024·江蘇高考)Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：進行藝術評論時，你得假設藝術家在作品中藏了一個隱秘信息。hide與message之間是被動關系，故填hidden作后置定語。6．(2015·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Yangshuois(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.解析：陽朔真的很美麗。此處是客觀陳述，故應當運用一般現在時。由下句中的謂語動詞name運用一般現在時也可知道答案。7．(2015·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeopleliving(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.解析：住在上海和香港的人們。由于people和動詞live之間是主謂結構，故應當運用living作定語修飾名詞people，相當于定語從句wholiveinShanghaiandHongKong。8．(2015·浙江高考)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearitbeing_performed(perform)liveisquiteanother.解析：句意：在家聽音樂是一回事，去聽現場演奏又是另一回事。賓語it與perform之間是被動關系，應當用被動形式，beingperformed表示正在進行的被動動作。9．(2014·福建高考)Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect)．解析：句意：對那些遠離家庭成員的人來說，個人電腦和電話對保持聯系來說是重要的。stay是系動詞，“人”和“聯系”之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞作表語。[針對演練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Beforeleaving,wespenthalfanhourplaying(play)withthestudentsthere.2．Theycanchooseto_live(live)inmanyenvironmentsandinawidevarietyofways.3．Thestorytold(tell)byMr.Wangisinteresting(interest)．4．Iheardthesongsung(sing)inEnglish.5．Shewasbroughtupinabigfamily,soshehadbeenusedtosharing(share)whatshehadwithothers.6．Thepublicgotshocked(shock)whentheyheardthenewsthatmorethan3,000peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.7．Thebossexpectedmeto_take(take)hisplace,butIrefusedbecauseIdidn'thavemuchexperience.8．Whentheteachercaughthimcheating(cheat)intheexam,shestoppedhimatonce.9．Mr.Linagreedto_give(give)ussomehelpwhenwesetupourowncompany.10．It'spleasing(please)tothinktheselovelychildrenaremystudents.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ourteacheroftenencourages_us_to_findourowndifferentwaystolearnwell.我們老師常常激勵我們找到自己不同的方法學好學問。2．Iremembered_to_lock_the_doorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butIforgot_to_turn_offthelights.我離開辦公室前記得去鎖門，但卻忘了關燈。3．Bookswritten_in_easy_EnglishareverypopularamongChinesemiddleschoolstudents.用簡潔的英語寫的書在中國的中學生中很流行。4．Onherwayhome