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Digital
Twins
in
Smart
CityDigital
Twins
in
Smart City智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Abridgebetweenthephysicalandvirtual
world現(xiàn)實(shí)世界與虛擬世界之間的橋梁Whatisadigital
twinDigitalTwinsinSmart
City2智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Adigitaltwinisadigitalmodelorreplicaofaphysicalasset,beitaproduct,anorganisation,apublicinfrastructureorevenanentirecity.Ithasawiderangeofapplications–fromconductingdiagnosticsonorganisationalhealth,augmentingservicedesignstoenablingmoreeffectivecitymanagement.Inthecontextofasmartcity,adigitaltwinofthecitycontinuouslycollectsinformationfromthebuiltenvironment(viatechnologiessuchassensors,drones,ormobiledevices).ItismadepossiblewiththeuseofremotemunicationtechnologiessuchasWiFiandBluetoothaswellasthroughInternetofThings(IoT)sensorsthatgatherdatafromthephysicalworldtoreconstructanidenticaldigitalcopyofthecity.ApartfromIoT,theuseofBigData,ArtificialIntelligence(AI),cloudputing,machinelearningandadvancedanalyticsalsoenhancetheaccuracyanddynamismofthisreplica,allowingstatic,historicalandreal-timedatatobeprocessedandsynthesisedalmostimmediatelytoprovidevaluableinsightsabouttheperformanceofthecity.Therefore,adigitaltwincanbeconsideredasa“strategyaccelerator”thatfacilitatespublicsectororganisationstoidentifyinsightsandconnectionsmoreeffectively,andtodrivetobettersolutionswithmore
confidence.數(shù)字孿生是產(chǎn)品,機(jī)構(gòu),公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施甚至整個城市的數(shù)字模型或?qū)嵨镔Y產(chǎn)的副本。它具有廣泛的應(yīng)用
—
從對機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測,增強(qiáng)服務(wù)設(shè)計到實(shí)現(xiàn)更有效的城市管理。在智慧城市的背景下,城市的數(shù)字孿生不斷(通過傳感器,無人機(jī)或流動裝置等的技術(shù))從建筑環(huán)境中收集信息。通過使用遠(yuǎn)程通信技術(shù)(例如WiFi和藍(lán)牙),物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(IoT)傳感器以及從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界收集數(shù)據(jù),能實(shí)現(xiàn)構(gòu)建與城市相同的數(shù)字副本。除物聯(lián)網(wǎng)外,運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù),人工智能(AI),云計算,機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和分析的功能,亦可提高數(shù)字副本的準(zhǔn)確性和動態(tài)性,令數(shù)字副本可即時處理和綜合靜態(tài),歷史和實(shí)時數(shù)據(jù),提供有關(guān)城市表現(xiàn)的見解。因此,
數(shù)字孿生可被視為“戰(zhàn)略加速器”,促進(jìn)公共部門機(jī)構(gòu)更有效地洞察數(shù)據(jù)與城市管理的關(guān)聯(lián),并為公共機(jī)構(gòu)推動更佳的解決方案注入信心。什么是數(shù)字孿生Harnessingthepowerofdataandreal-timesimulationtobuildinsight-drivenpublicsector
organisationsDigitalTwinsinSmart
City3智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Inthefaceofintensifyingglobalpetitionandgrowingplexityinurbanchallenges,citiesareencounteringincreasingpressureformoreefficientresourceallocationandpropercitymanagement.Infact,thereisgrowingrecognitionamongstpublicsectororganisationsfromaroundtheworldonthevalueofleveragingrealtimedigitaldataformonitoringperformanceofexistingpublicservices,improvingcityplanningandoptimisingdecisionmakingofpolicy
makers.Byfeedingdifferentsourcesofdynamicdatatoadigitaltwin,thereispotentialforthisreplicatotestbedideasorsimulatewhat-ifscenariosforthefacilities,processesandcitylandscapewhichonewishedtochangebeforeactuallyputtingactualresourcesbehindreal-worldimplementation.Suchanexerciseallowsforidentificationof
potentialissuesinanyproposedplansorinitiativesbeforetheyactuallyhappen,thusallowingorganisationstofurthertailortheiractionsandmitigatetherisksearly
on.Forpublicsectororganisations,adigitaltwincanalsoserveasaneffectiveengagementtooltofacilitatediscussionamongstdifferentsegmentsofsociety,includingthegeneralpublic,theprivatesector,civilsocietyandpolicymakersamongstothers.Theabilitytosimulatescenariosandtranslatedataintomeaningfulinsights
throughavirtualrepresentationoftherealworldbringissuestolifeforthosewhohaveastakeinthecity.Adigitaltwinwillthusnotonlyenablebetterpolicymakingandserviceimprovement,butalsopresentanopportunityforpublicsectororganisationstodemonstratemore
responsiveandagilegovernancethatcanultimatelymaximiseimpactandvaluetothemunitiesandthe
public.面對日益激烈的全球競爭和城市挑戰(zhàn)的復(fù)雜性,各城市正面臨越來越大的壓力,并要求更有效的資源分配和適當(dāng)?shù)某鞘泄芾?。?shí)際上,全球的公共機(jī)構(gòu)都越來越認(rèn)識到利用實(shí)時數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)來監(jiān)察現(xiàn)有公共服務(wù)的績效,改善城市規(guī)劃和優(yōu)化決策者制定決策的價值。通過將不同的動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)源提供予數(shù)字孿生,此數(shù)字副本將能測試想法,或在投入實(shí)際資源應(yīng)用時,模擬日後改變設(shè)施,流程和城市景觀的假設(shè)情景。這樣的模擬可以提早識別任何擬議的計劃或舉措中的潛在問題,從而使機(jī)構(gòu)可以進(jìn)一步調(diào)整其行動并盡早減輕風(fēng)險。從城市管理的角度來看,建筑物或整個城市的數(shù)字孿生可有效地協(xié)助城市規(guī)劃以及實(shí)物資產(chǎn)的運(yùn)營和維護(hù)。例如,通過首先識別和預(yù)防性維護(hù)有形資產(chǎn)或城市網(wǎng)絡(luò),可以節(jié)省后續(xù)糾正性維護(hù)的時間,并最大程度地減少因任何問題而造成的服務(wù)中斷時間。例如,通過首先模擬日曬的情況或城市中惡劣天氣條件造成的風(fēng)險??闪罱êB環(huán)境的設(shè)計更環(huán)保和更具彈性。對于公共機(jī)構(gòu)而言,數(shù)字孿生可用作有效的參與工具,促進(jìn)社會各階層之間的討論,包括公營,私營部門,民間社會和決策者等。數(shù)字孿生賦予模擬場景以表達(dá)真實(shí)世界的能力并將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為有意義的見解,讓那些相關(guān)者可以更確切地看到問題的要點(diǎn)。因此,數(shù)字孿生不僅可以優(yōu)化政策制定和服務(wù)水平,而且還為公共機(jī)構(gòu)展示更具響應(yīng)性和彈性治理的機(jī)會,最終可以最大程度地提升對社區(qū)和公眾的影響力和價值。利用數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)時模擬的力量來構(gòu)建受洞察力驅(qū)動的公共部門機(jī)構(gòu)Technologies:VisualisationviaAR,VRoramixtureof
both虛擬化技術(shù):
現(xiàn)實(shí),
虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)和混合現(xiàn)實(shí)UsingtheDigital
TwinModelto
constructafit-for-purpose
replicaWithaspecificchallengetobeaddressed,therightapproachneedstobeusedwhenconstructingafit-for-purposedigitaltwin.Tofacilitatethisprocess,wehavedevelopedtheDigitalTwinModelforassessingtheapproachfordevelopingdigitaltwinsdependingonthepurposeofuse.Bothdataandtechnologieswillneedtobeduly
considered.Fordata,thiscangenerallybeclassifiedalongtwoaxes–time-spaceanddimensionalponentsofdataasshowninthe2-by-2matrixbelow.SomeindicativeapplicationsintheDigitalTwinModelarealsoshowninthe
diagram.為了解決特定的挑戰(zhàn),在構(gòu)建切合需要的數(shù)字孿生系統(tǒng)時需要使用正確的方法。因此,我們構(gòu)建了數(shù)字孿生模型,根據(jù)使用目的評估構(gòu)建數(shù)字孿生的方法,
其數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)都需要適當(dāng)考量。數(shù)據(jù)通??梢匝貎蓚€軸進(jìn)行分類
—
數(shù)據(jù)的時空和維度,如以下的2×2矩陣所示。圖中還展示了數(shù)字孿生模型中的一些參考性應(yīng)用。使用數(shù)字孿生模型構(gòu)建切合需要的數(shù)字副本Dynamism
of
data
數(shù)據(jù)動態(tài)Dynamic動態(tài)Time&
Space時間和空間Static靜態(tài)Navigation導(dǎo)航Navigation(3D) ?
導(dǎo)航(3D)Remote
facilitymonitoringPandemicmanagement
&trackingCrowd&
trafficcontrolClimate
diagramsCity
dashboard遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)施監(jiān)控流行病管理和追蹤人群和交通控制氣候數(shù)據(jù)圖城市儀表板Buildingmanagement ?
樓宇管理系統(tǒng)system ?
地下管道維修Maintenance
ofunderground
pipes
?
微氣候和氣流分析Microclimate
andairflow
analysis ?
指揮與控制中心/危Command
and 機(jī)管理ControlCentre/CrisismanagementMaps地圖Building ?
建筑信息模型Informationmodelling(”
BIM”
) ?
地理信息系統(tǒng)GeographicInformation
System
?
設(shè)計可視化(室內(nèi)/(“GIS”) 場地)Designvisualisation(interior/venue)Administrativeboundary行政邊界Building
plans建筑圖則DigitalTwinsinSmart
City4智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Developmentofadigitaltwinwillneedtoconsiderthedynamicandstaticaspectsofdata,aswellastheneedfor2Dand3Drepresentationofsituationandenvironment.Inparticular,the2D/3Ddimensionalrepresentationofdatacouldbefurtherdifferentiatedbetween“ontheground”vs“belowground”applications,andindoorvsoutdoorapplications.Forinstance,“ontheground”applicationwouldinvolvedatacapturedonbuildingfa?adeforbuildingsmanagement,while“belowground”applicationallowsthetrackingandmaintenanceofpipenetworksfor
cities.Withregardtovirtualisationtechnologies,thismodelcouldbefurtheroverlaidwithAugmentedReality(AR),Virtualreality(VR)andMixedReality(MR)forillustratingtheenvironmentanditsassociatedinformation.WhileVRallowspeopletovisualise3Dvirtualenvironments,ARtakesputer-generatedimagesandoverlaysthemonrealviewoftheworld,andMRisthemergingofrealandvirtualworldstoproducenewenvironmentsandvisualisations,wherephysicalanddigitalobjectsco-existandinteractinreal
time.數(shù)字孿生的構(gòu)建將需要考慮動態(tài)和靜態(tài)方面的數(shù)據(jù),以及運(yùn)用2D和3D展示情況和環(huán)境的要求。2D/3D維度的數(shù)據(jù)可進(jìn)一步分成“地面”和“地下”及“室內(nèi)”和“室外”的應(yīng)用。例如,
“地面”應(yīng)用場景用例之一是將采集在建筑物立面上的數(shù)據(jù)用作建筑物管理,而"地下"用例之一是采集數(shù)據(jù)以便追蹤和維護(hù)城市的管道網(wǎng)絡(luò)。關(guān)于虛擬化技術(shù),此模型可以進(jìn)一步與增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)(
AR
)
,
虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)(
VR
)
和混合現(xiàn)實(shí)(MR)重疊,以說明環(huán)境及其相關(guān)信息。VR可以使人們可視化3D虛擬環(huán)境,AR可以拍攝計算機(jī)生成的圖像并將其疊加在真實(shí)世界上,而MR是現(xiàn)實(shí)世界與虛擬世界的融合,以產(chǎn)生新的環(huán)境和可視化效果,令實(shí)物和數(shù)位物件共同存在并實(shí)時互動。DigitalTwinsinSmart
City5智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Manufacturing制造Industrial
IOT工業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)Retail零售Healthcare衛(wèi)生保健Smart
Cities智慧城市Smart
Governance智能管理Embeddedsensinginfrastructure(IOT)integratedwithCorecityinfrastructure嵌入式傳感基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(IOT)與核心城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Data
standards
/governance
數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/管理Technology
enablers:
AI,
AR,
VR,
MR
技術(shù)推動:現(xiàn)實(shí),
虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)和混合現(xiàn)實(shí)
Applications
應(yīng)用WaterDistribution水源分配Roads道路SewageNetwork污水管網(wǎng)路Public
Spaces公共場所Building建筑Network運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)ElectricityDistribution電力分配ElectronicPayment電子支付Tele-municationNetwork某著名企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)Digitaltwinsaremorethanjustvirtualisationofinformation.Itfunctionsasasystemwiththeneedforcollaborationofactorsaswellastheestablishmentofappropriatenetworks,systemsandstandards.Mostcritically,ithastobepoweredbyawholesuiteofembeddedsensinginfrastructureand
dataprocesses,數(shù)字孿生不僅僅是信息虛擬化。它透過參與者之間的協(xié)作以及建立適當(dāng)?shù)木W(wǎng)絡(luò),
制度和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從而發(fā)揮系統(tǒng)的作用。最關(guān)鍵的是,它必須由一整套嵌入式感應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)和數(shù)據(jù)處理程序支撐,并負(fù)責(zé)從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中收集數(shù)據(jù)。whichwillberesponsibleforgatheringdatafromthephysicalworld.Thisissupportedbyamyriadofplatformswheremachinelearningandadvanceddataanalyticsgeneratevaluableinformationfeedsforreal-lifereal-timeapplications.Theseactivitiesaregovernedbydatastandards,securityandprivacyregulations.Thediagrambelowillustratesahigh-levelframeworkofadigitaltwin
ecosystem:數(shù)據(jù)收集依賴眾多平臺支援,這些平臺透過機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和數(shù)據(jù)分析為實(shí)時應(yīng)用提供具價值的信息。這些活動受數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),安全性和私隱的法規(guī)約束。下圖說明了數(shù)字孿生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的高概要框架
。將數(shù)字孿生發(fā)展視為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Lookingatdigitaltwin
developmentasan
ecosystemDigital
Twins數(shù)字孿生SharedDigitalInfrastructurepowerdigital
twins共享數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施助力數(shù)字孿生DigitalTwinsinSmart
City6智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Infrastructurerequiredtosupportthedevelopmentandadoptionofdigitaltwins
include:Datacollection&productionthroughsensors(managedbyadevicemanagementplatform),useofmobileandsmarttracking
devices;Datatransmissionthroughconnectivitynetworks;Datastoring,processing&exchangethroughplatformsthatallowsintegrationofdatafromvariousdatapointsandsystems;
andDatausagethroughapplicationsthatareabletotranslatedatainputsintovaluableinsightsandprovidereal-timediagnosticof
situation.支持?jǐn)?shù)字孿生的構(gòu)建和采用所需的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)包括:數(shù)據(jù)收集和生產(chǎn):通過傳感器(由設(shè)備管理平臺管理),流動裝置和智能追蹤設(shè)備,進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集和生產(chǎn);數(shù)據(jù)傳輸:通過連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸;數(shù)據(jù)存儲、處理和交換:通過平臺匯整來自各個數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)和系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)存儲,處理和交換數(shù)據(jù)使用:通過應(yīng)用程式進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)使用,這些應(yīng)用程序可以將數(shù)據(jù)整合并輸入轉(zhuǎn)換為有價值的見解以及提供實(shí)時狀況診斷。Protectingprivacyandsecurityarekeytoestablishtrustinadigital
world.DigitalTwinsinSmart
City7智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生保護(hù)隱私和安全是在數(shù)字世界某著名企業(yè)立信任的關(guān)鍵。Theconceptofdigitaltwinshasimmensepotentialtobeappliedacrossdifferentindustries,sectorsandcitiesinordertooptimiseproductivityandperformance.Thediagrambelowshowsthepotentialusecasesofdigitaltwinsinbothpublicandprivatesectors,andhowindividualsinteractwith
it:數(shù)字孿生的概念具有巨大的潛力,可以在不同的行業(yè),部門和城市中應(yīng)用,以優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)力和性能。下圖顯示了公營和私營部門中數(shù)字孿生的潛在使用案例,以及個人與數(shù)字孿生的互動:為什么選擇數(shù)字孿生—
來自世界各地的例子Whydigital
twins–examplesfrom
aroundthe
worldPotentialuse
cases數(shù)字孿生的潛在使用案例City
managementUrbanplanning
anddesigningPublicsafety&crisis
managementManufacturing
–prototypingHealthcare–
drugsdesignLogistics–
deliveryroute
planning制造
—
原型制作醫(yī)療保健
—
藥物設(shè)計物流
—
交貨路線計劃Individualstoobtaininformationfordecisionmakingandsharedata(if
applicable)個人獲取決策信息并共享數(shù)據(jù)(如果適用)Public
sector公共部門Private
sector私營部門Asweputmoreandmoresensorsintoservice,acentraliseddevicemanagementplatformcouldhelpchanneldatacollectedfromsensorstosupportsmartcityimplementation.DigitalTwinsinSmart
City8智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生隨著我們將使用越來越多的傳感器,集中管理設(shè)備的平臺可以幫助引導(dǎo)從感應(yīng)器收集數(shù)據(jù),支持智慧城市的實(shí)施。城市管理城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計公共安全與危機(jī)管理VirtualSingaporeisadigitalplatformthatwillenablethepublic,businesses,governmentandresearchagenciestoderiveinsights,developsolutionsandrunsimulationsusingalargescalecitymodelofSingaporeaspartofaSmartNationinitiatives.Witharichdataenvironment,VirtualSingaporeprovidesacollaborativeplatformtohelpmakelong-termdecisionsonareassuchasinfrastructureandresourcemanagement,urbanplanning.Itscapabilities
include:–Virtualexperimentation,e.g.examinecoverageareasof3G/4Gnetworkstoproviderealisticvisualisationofpoorcoverage
areas;Virtualtest-beddingtovalidateprovisionofservices,e.g.3DmodellingofthenewSportHubwithsemanticinformationtosimulatecrowddispersiontoestablishevacuationproceduresduringan
emergency;Planninganddecisionmaking,VirtualSingaporeisaholisticandintegratedplatformtodevelopanalyticalapplications,e.g.appstoanalysetransportflowsandpedestrianmovementpatterns;
andR&D,datatobemadeavailableto
researchmunitytoinnovateanddevelopnewtechnologiesorcapabilities.Virtual
Singapore是一個數(shù)字平臺,作為智慧國家計劃的一部分,它讓公眾,企業(yè),政府和研究機(jī)構(gòu)能夠使用大型的新加坡城市模型來獲取靈感,
建立解決方案并運(yùn)行模擬測試。憑借豐富的數(shù)據(jù)環(huán)境,Virtual
Singapore提供了一個協(xié)作平臺,協(xié)助在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和資源管理,城市規(guī)劃等領(lǐng)域做出長期決策。其功能包括:–
虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn),例如檢查3G
/
4G網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋區(qū)域,以顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋較差的區(qū)域;–以虛擬測試進(jìn)行服務(wù)驗(yàn)證,
例如SportHub的3D建模,可模擬人群分散情況,並建立在緊急情況下疏散程序;–
規(guī)劃和決策;Virtual
Singapore是分析應(yīng)用程序的平臺,例如分析交通流量和行人運(yùn)動方式的應(yīng)用程序;和–
研發(fā),將數(shù)據(jù)提供給研究團(tuán)體,以革新建立新技術(shù)的能力。DigitalTwinsinSmart
City9智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生NewSouthWalesGovernmentofAustraliahaslaunchedavirtual4DmodelofWesternSydneyarea’sbuiltandnaturalenvironment,withdatasuchasbuildings,strataplans,terrain,propertyboundaries,andutilities(e.g.power,waterandsewerpipes).The4Dmodelisa3Ddepictionwiththeadditionoftimesothatuserscancreatemodelsbasedonhistoricalorfuturescenarios.Themodelhasbroughtgreatbenefitsasitenables:澳大利亞新南威爾士州政府已啟動了悉尼西部地區(qū)建筑和自然環(huán)境的虛擬4D模型,其中包含建筑物,地層平面圖,地形,物業(yè)邊界和公用事業(yè)(例如電力,自來水和下水道)等數(shù)
據(jù)。4D模型是帶有時間的3D描繪,因此用戶可以根據(jù)歷史或未來場景創(chuàng)建模型。該模型具有以下重大優(yōu)點(diǎn):–Urbanplanners,developersandpolicymakerstomakemoreinformeddecisionsandtoenableintegratedcity
planning;–Datafrompublicagenciesandprivatesectortobebroughttogether,henceenablingthegovernmenttobettermunicateplansforinfrastructuredevelopment;
and–Betterpredictionandmanagementoftrafficcongestion,monitoringoflandcoverandstructuralchanges,bushfire
prediction.–
城市規(guī)劃師,地產(chǎn)商和政策制定者做出更明智的決策,并實(shí)現(xiàn)整合的城市規(guī)劃;–將公營機(jī)構(gòu)和私營部門的數(shù)據(jù)匯整,使政府能夠更好地傳達(dá)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的發(fā)展計劃;和–
更好地預(yù)測和管理交通擁堵,監(jiān)測土地覆蓋和結(jié)構(gòu)變化,以及預(yù)測山火。DigitalTwinsinSmart
City10智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Amaravati,Indiaisthefirstgreenfieldcityborneoutofdigitaltwin.Itenablesplanners,architects,engineers,andpolicymakerstoworkinunisontowardsachievingcollectivedesign,policy,social,andfinancialgoals.Scenariosaredevelopedinadvancetooptimizeoues,alsoadjustedontheflytokeeppacewithchange.Newdigitalservicesandfunctionsplannedtobeincludedaspartofthedigitaltwin
include:Real-timeconstructionprogressmonitoring,environmentalandwellnessmonitoring,etal.viaubiquitous,multi-nodalIoT
sensors;Advancedmobilityandtrafficmonitoring
andsimulations;Advancedmicroclimateandclimate
changemonitoringand
simulations;–Digital“draganddrop”buildingpermitsubmissions;–Digitalzoning,setback,environmental,traffic,andotherstatutorypliance-relatedpreliminaryanalysis;
and–DigitaltwinuserIDschemeforeveryAmaravaticitizenthatwillserveasasinglecitizenportalforallgovernmentinformation,notifications,forms,and
applications.印度阿馬拉瓦蒂(Amaravati)是第一個由數(shù)字孿生衍生的發(fā)展中城市。它使規(guī)劃人員,建筑師,工程師和政策制定者能夠齊心協(xié)力實(shí)現(xiàn)集體設(shè)計,政策,社會和財務(wù)目標(biāo)。預(yù)先建立場景以優(yōu)化結(jié)果,并配合變化進(jìn)行實(shí)時的調(diào)整。計劃納入數(shù)字孿生的新數(shù)字化服務(wù)和功能包括:–
實(shí)時施工進(jìn)度監(jiān)控,環(huán)境和健康監(jiān)控等。通過無處不在的多節(jié)點(diǎn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器;–
流動性和交通監(jiān)控及模擬;–
先進(jìn)的微氣候和氣候變化監(jiān)測與模擬;數(shù)字“拖放”建筑提交;數(shù)字分區(qū),危機(jī),環(huán)境,交通和其他遵規(guī)相關(guān)的初步分析;和Amaravati公民的數(shù)字孿生用戶ID方案,將成爲(wèi)單一便民窗口,用作處理所有政府信息,通知,表格和應(yīng)用程序。DigitalTwinsinSmart
City11智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Whiletheapplicationofdigitaltwinsispromising,iteswithawholesetofchallengesthatbothpublicandprivateorganisationsmayencounterwhendevelopingandexecutingthestrategy.Somemonchallenges
include:VisionEstablishingaclearvisionandKPIs–Implementationofdigitaltwinscanbearesource-intensiveexerciseinvolvingawiderangeofstakeholders.Establishingmonunderstandingofthevisionofsuchimplementationanddevelopingasetofperformanceindicatorsarekeytoasuccessfuldigitaltwin
implementation.盡管數(shù)字孿生的應(yīng)用前景廣闊,但是公共和私人機(jī)構(gòu)在制定和執(zhí)行該策略時亦可能遇到一系列挑戰(zhàn)。一些常見的挑戰(zhàn)包括:愿景建立清晰的愿景和關(guān)鍵績效指標(biāo)—數(shù)字孿生的實(shí)施可能會動用大量資源,並牽涉不同領(lǐng)域的持份者。建立對此類實(shí)施愿景的共識,并制定一套績效指標(biāo),對于成功實(shí)施數(shù)字
孿生至關(guān)重要。實(shí)施協(xié)調(diào)—愿景只是起點(diǎn),而交付才是困難的部分。目前,各國政府面臨的挑戰(zhàn)包括過多的選擇和過多的聲音。因此,城市需要有一個有效的機(jī)制來協(xié)調(diào)和管理數(shù)字孿生實(shí)施的方法和內(nèi)容。數(shù)字孿生是智慧城市發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),但亦不可避免地Digitaltwins
underpinSmartCity
development,butinevitablye
withchallengesDigitalTwinsinSmart
City12智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生面臨挑戰(zhàn)DataDigitalTwinsinSmart
City13智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Qualityandsufficiencyofdata–HistoricdatamaybeduplicativeorlackthelevelofdetailandaccuracyneededforusewiththedesiredDigitalTwinModelandtechnologicalsolutionssuchasAI.Willingnesstosharedata–Stakeholdersmaybereluctanttosharedatawithotherparties,especiallysensitiveorpersonaldata.Arobustaccountabilityframework(discussedbelow)wouldberequiredtoencouragesharingofdatawhileofferingasufficientdegreeofprotectiontothosepartiessharing
data.Datastandards–Lackofconsistentdatastandardsandrulesforcollectingdata,creatingdifficultyfordifferentunitstosharedata,createsynergiesthroughcollaborationandmaximisethevalueof
data.Updatedinformation–Theneedforsystematicupdatingmechanismtoconstantlyupdatestaticobjectandscanningofnewobjectstoensureaccuracyofdigitaltwinsinrealworldrepresentationsforaccuratedecisionmaking.數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量和充分性—
歷史數(shù)據(jù)可能有所重復(fù),或缺少與數(shù)字孿生模型和AI之類的技術(shù)解決方案匹配的的細(xì)節(jié)和準(zhǔn)確程度。共享數(shù)據(jù)的意愿—
持份者未必愿意與其他各方共享數(shù)據(jù),尤其是較爲(wèi)敏感的數(shù)據(jù)或個人數(shù)據(jù)。因此,需要有一個強(qiáng)而有力的問責(zé)框架(如下所述)來鼓勵數(shù)據(jù)共享,同時為共享數(shù)據(jù)的各方提供足夠程度的保護(hù)。數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)—
缺乏一致的數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)則來收集數(shù)據(jù),導(dǎo)致不同部門難以共享數(shù)據(jù),無法通過協(xié)作創(chuàng)造協(xié)同效益,
及最大化數(shù)據(jù)價值。更新信息—
需要一套系統(tǒng)更新機(jī)制來不斷更新靜態(tài)物件并掃描新出現(xiàn)的物件,以確保與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界對應(yīng)的數(shù)字孿生的準(zhǔn)確性,從而做出準(zhǔn)確的決策。人才競爭
—
盡管AI等技術(shù)可以用更少的人力資源來做更多的事情,事實(shí)上仍需要大量的專業(yè)人員(例如數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家/工程師和建筑師)來梳理海量的信息。Accountable,SecurityandPrivacyDigitalTwinsinSmart
City14智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生Informationsecurityandprivacy–Fromcapture,enrichment,maintenance,usage,archivingandpurging,theentiredatalifecyclemustbesecuredagainstmaliciousactorsandviolationofprivacyrights.Accountability–Lackofanaccountabilityframeworksuchasopendatalicenceofdataissue,evolvingregulationspertainingtoprivacyandcybersecurity,conditionsofuseandliabilityofpartiesaswellasIPrightswillhaveimplicationsonthedesignandexecutionofdigitaltwin
applications.TechnologyTechnologyplatforms–Differentunitsmayadoptadiversityoflegacysystemsorsoftwarewithlimitedfunctionalityforexchangingand/orsharingdata,resultinginchallengesinrapidlyidentifyingusefulinformationfromthedata,integrationofdifferentdatasetssuchasgeo-informationsystemandbuildinginformation
management.問責(zé),安全和私隱信息安全和私隱—
從獲取,充實(shí),維護(hù),使用,歸檔和清除,整個數(shù)據(jù)生命周期必須確保免受惡意行為者和侵犯私隱權(quán)的侵害。問責(zé)制—
缺乏問責(zé)制框架,例如數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布的開放數(shù)據(jù);與私隱和網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全有關(guān)而不斷更新的法規(guī);
各方的使用條件和責(zé)任;以及,將對數(shù)字孿生應(yīng)用程序的設(shè)計和執(zhí)行產(chǎn)生影響。技術(shù)技術(shù)平臺—
不同的部門可能會采用功能有限的舊版系統(tǒng)或軟件作交換和/或共享數(shù)據(jù),導(dǎo)致無法快速識別數(shù)據(jù)或數(shù)據(jù)集(例如地理信
息
系
統(tǒng)
和
建
筑
信
息
)
內(nèi)
的
有
用信息。傳感器部署—
通過對現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行改造來進(jìn)行棕地部署,可能比新發(fā)展區(qū)土地部署感應(yīng)器面臨更多挑戰(zhàn),以確保感應(yīng)器設(shè)備和網(wǎng)
絡(luò)的整合。設(shè)備管理—
到2020年,與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相連的設(shè)備數(shù)量將達(dá)到300億(來源:IDC),其挑戰(zhàn)在于身份驗(yàn)證,配置和控制,持續(xù)的監(jiān)測和診斷以及及時的軟件更新和維護(hù)。Whiledigitaltwinspromisevastbenefitstobothpublicandprivatesectors,italsoposesimplementationchallengeswhichrequiresprudentplanningandconsiderationsbeforethebenefitscouldberealised.Whenconsideringdigitaltwinsforsmartcityimplementation,fourkeyimplementationconsiderationsareoutlinedbelow:1.ClearvisionandKPIs–Stakeholdershavetoestablishmonunderstandingoftheexpectedouesassociatedwiththeimplementationofdigitaltwins(havingdueregardtoresourceconstraints)anddevelopanappropriatesetofKPIsreflectingthebenefitstobedeliveredbydigital
twins.DigitalTwinsinSmart
City15智慧城市中的數(shù)字孿生2.Stock-takeonexistingdigitaltwinsanddata–Beingabletosynchroniseandintegrateexistingdata,whichmaybepresentedindifferentformatsandhousedindifferentsystemswithdifferentlevelsofgranularity,iskeytobuildingasuccessfulmodelthataccuratelyreflecthistoricalandcurrentinformationforfuturescenarioplanning.Astock-takingexerciseofdigitaltwinsanddatawouldbebeneficialinunderstandingthecurrentlandscapeofadoptionanddataavailabletosupportfuture
implementation.盡管數(shù)字孿生給公共和私營部門帶來巨大的好處,但亦帶來了實(shí)施方面的挑戰(zhàn),因此需要謹(jǐn)慎的計劃和考慮以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字孿生的好處。在應(yīng)用數(shù)字孿生實(shí)現(xiàn)智慧城市時,需考慮以下四個主要注意事項(xiàng):1.清晰的愿景和KPI
—
持份者必須對實(shí)施數(shù)字孿生的預(yù)期結(jié)果達(dá)成共識(并適當(dāng)考慮資源限制),并制定一套適當(dāng)?shù)腒PI,以反映數(shù)字孿生將帶來的益處。4.Tailoredimplementationapproach–Thereisno“one-size-fits-all”approachfordigitaltwindevelopment.Thishighlightstheneedforeachcitytocatertolocalcircumstances.ThelocalcontextdrivestheDigitalTwinModels(andmix)andimplementationscheduleofdigitaltwininitiatives.Forinstance,withawidespectrumofpossibilitiesbutlimitedresources,governmentsneedtoprioritiseandmapoutanimplementationplanonturninggreenfieldsitesintosmartdevelopmentswithwell-integratedinfrastructuresandseamlessdeviceconnectivity,orconvertingexistingsitestoenabledigitaltwin
applications.2.現(xiàn)有數(shù)字孿生和數(shù)據(jù)的盤點(diǎn)—
能夠同步和集成現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)(可能以不同的格式顯示并存儲在具有不同細(xì)化級別的系統(tǒng)中)是建立成
功數(shù)據(jù)模型的關(guān)鍵,從而準(zhǔn)確反映歷史數(shù)據(jù)和當(dāng)前信息,並有助于將來的方案規(guī)劃。對數(shù)字孿生和數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行盤點(diǎn)練習(xí)將有助于理解當(dāng)前的采用情況
和可用于支持未來實(shí)施的數(shù)據(jù)。3.數(shù)據(jù)治理與監(jiān)管—
為了確保具有高度安全性和私隱性的豐富的數(shù)據(jù)環(huán)境,需要建立政策和
標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以闡明如何收集,交換,分發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)以及如何分發(fā)和使用信息。創(chuàng)建受信任和受監(jiān)管的流程是建立強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵,
該環(huán)境將推動數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)字孿生的使用。4.量身定制的實(shí)施方法—
數(shù)字孿生建立沒有“一刀切”的方法。這凸顯了每個城市都需要適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r的需要。當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境驅(qū)動著數(shù)字
孿生模型(和混合模型)的應(yīng)用以及數(shù)字孿生計劃的實(shí)施時間表。例如,在各種各樣的可能性下,礙於資源有限,政府需要按優(yōu)先次序制定實(shí)施計劃,以將新發(fā)展區(qū)土地發(fā)展為具有良好基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)和無縫設(shè)備連接的智能發(fā)展區(qū)域,或者將數(shù)字孿生應(yīng)用在已經(jīng)開發(fā)的土地。Way
Forward展望未來TheOutlineDevelopmentPlanfortheGuangdongHongKong-MacaoGBAisanationalstrategythataimsatpromotingclosercooperationandcoordinationbetweenthe9+2citiesattheGBAandatmaximisingtheeconomicstrengthandregionalpetitivenessoftheGBAasawhole.TheuseoftechnologyanddataisclearlyakeyenablertostrengthenconnectivityoftheGBA.Cross-bordercollaborationisessentialtoenhancecapitalflowintheregion,nurtureinnovation,facilitateinformationandcapitalexchangeparticularlyinarapidlytransformingeconomywherespeed,varietyandsecurityofinformationflowisofthe
essence.Addressingurbanchallengesataregionalscalesuchasclimatechange,crossbordermovementofpeopleandgoods,willalsorequiresharingofdataforcollectivesolutions.However,gettingthererequiresthedifferentlegal,data,privacyandregulatorypoliciestobeharmonisedthroughcollaboration.《粵港澳大灣區(qū)發(fā)展綱要》是一項(xiàng)國家戰(zhàn)略,旨在促進(jìn)大灣區(qū)9+2城市之間的緊密合作與協(xié)調(diào),最大程度地提高大灣區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和區(qū)域競爭力。技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)的運(yùn)用顯然是增強(qiáng)大灣區(qū)連通性的關(guān)鍵推動力。跨境合作對于增強(qiáng)大灣區(qū)的資本流動,促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新,信息和資本交換尤其重要,其中,信息流動的速度,多樣性和安全性在迅速變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)中至關(guān)重要。ThetransformationtowardsaSmartReg
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