教師公開招聘考試小學英語（閱讀理

解）模擬試卷1

一、閱讀理解（本題共26題，每題1.0分，共26分。）

OURPROMISEMakingyourstayacompletesuccessisourgoal.Justletourmanager

ondutyoffront-deskstaffknowifanypartofyourstayisn'tsatisfactory.Wepromiseto

makeitrightoryouwon'tpayforthatpartofyourstay.FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyou

forgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）Justcallthefrontdeskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacement（替代）rightaway.

PLEASEREUSETHETOWELSWeinviteyoutojoinwithustosavewaterbyusing

yourtowels（毛巾）morethanonce.Inadditiontodecreasingwaterandenergywaste,

youcanhelpusreducetheamountofwastewaterthatmustberecycledwithinour

community.Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtoparticipateintheprogram—ifnot,

simplyleaveihenionthefloor.Weappreciateyourhelp!PLEASECHANGETHE

SHEETSTODAYTheProjectPlanetProgramisaneffortofthishoteltoprotectthe

environmentthroughsavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.Ifyouarestayingwithus

morethanonenight,aspartoftheProjectPlanetProgram,wewillwashyoursheets

everythreedays.Ifyouwouldprefernottoparticipateinthisprogram,simplyhangthis

cardontheoutsideofyourdoorandsheetswillbechangedrightaway.Asalwayssheets

areautomaticallychangedaftereveryguestchecksout.Weappreciateyourhelp!

1Ifyouforgetyourcomb,youcan.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節理解題。FORGETSOMETHING?中的”Ifyouforgettopack

anystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）,justcallthefront-deskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacementrightaway.“可

知，如果忘了帶梳子，給前臺打電話就可以免費得到一個。故選C。

2^Leavingthetowelsonthefloormeans.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據PLEASEREUSETHETOWELS中的“Pleasehang

thetowelsupifyouwishtojoinintheprogram-ifnot,simplyleavethemonthefloor."

可知，如果把毛巾放在地上，說明不同意毛巾的循環利用。故選C。

3、WhatistheProjectPlanetProgramtryingtodo?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據PLEASECHANGETHESHEETSTODAY中的

"TheProjectPlanetProgramisinaneffortofthishoteltoprotecttheenvironmentby

savingwateranddecreasingwastewater.”可知，此項目的目的是通過節水保護環境。

故選Bo

Thestateoftheworld'splantsisnotstrong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskof

extinction,accordingtoareporttoutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.And

suchlossofplantdiversitycouldhavedevastatingimpactsonourownplantuses."

Plantsareabsolutelymomentoustohumankind,"saidKathyWillis,sciencedirectorat

theRoyalBotanicGardensatKewinLondon,wholedthenewreport."Plantsprovideus

witheverything-food,fuel,medicines,timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforour

climateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.Wcarcfacingsomedevastating

realitiesifwedonottakestockandre-examineourprioritiesandefforts."Thegoodnews

isthatdeforestationratesaroundtheworldhavedeclinedconsiderablysincethe1950s,

withBrazilandChinademonstratingsignificantsuccess.However,thisfirst-everreport

onthehealthofplantspeciesaroundtheworldshowsthatthereismuchmoretobedone.

Thereport,calledthe"StateoftheWorld'sPlants",estimatesthattherearecurrently

390,900plantspeciesknowntoscience,notincludingalgaeormoss.Thisestimate

accountsforinstanceswherescientistshavedescribedthesamespecieswithdifferent

names.Andsome21percentofthoseplantsarcthreatenedwithextinction,accordingto

thereport.MIhepositiveiswe'restilldiscoveringlotsofnewplants,about2,000each

year,newplantsforfood,forfuel,fordrugs,"saidDr.Willis,"Onthenegative,we've

seenahugechangeinlandcover,mainlydrivenbyculturalactivity,withalittlebitof

climatechangeinthereaswell."Humanactivityhasasignificantimpactonplant

extinctionrisk.Ashumanschopdownforeststoclearspaceforagriculture,andtowns

andcities,vaststoresofbiodiversityarelost.Deforestationforlandusechangeis

compoundedbytheimpactsofclimatechange,bothbyaffectingplantsthatarehighly

sensitivetochangesandthroughindirectimpacts,likechangesinpollinators.Plant

speciesextinctioncouldhavereverberatingeffects.Plantsactabitlikelungsforthe

Earth,suckingcarbondioxideoutoftheair.Plantlossmeansreductioninthiscarbon

sink.Losingthediversityofplantscouldalsobeaproblemforhumanuse,asatleast

31,128plantsarecurrentlyputtosomedocumenteduse.Notonlycouldthisaffectour

ownfoodsupplydirectly,itcouldalsoaffectthefoodweb.Ifaplant-eatinganimalloses

someofitsfoodsource,thatchangecouldbefeltupthefoodchain."Onefifthofworld's

plantsthreatenedbyextinction,sayscientists".ByEvaBotkin-Kowacki.May10,2016.

TheChristianScienceMonitor.

4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"momentous"inParagraph2probablymean?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：詞義猜測題。根據第二段倒數第二句和第三句"Plantsprovideuswith

everything-food,fuel,medicines,timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforour

climateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.”可知，植物為我們提供了一

切——食物，燃料，藥品，木材，而且對我們的氣候調節極其重要。沒有植物，就

沒有我們。由此可見，植物對于人類來說非常重要。crucial意為“重要的”；

available意為“可得到的”;boiiomless意為“無窮盡的，深不可測的''；replaceable意

為“可代替的故選A。

5、Howmanyplantspeciesknowntoscienceareattheriskofextinction?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據文章第四段第一句"Thereport,calledihe"Stateof

theWorld'sPlants,'estimatesthattherearccurrently390,900plantspeciesknownto

science,notincludingalgaeormoss"和最后一句"Andsome21percentofthoseplants

arethreatenedwithextinction,accordingtothereport”可知，這份名為“世界植物狀

況”的報告估計，現在已知的植物有390900種，其中不包括藻類和苔薛類植物，報

告稱，21%的植物面臨著滅絕的危險。因此，有82089種科學上已知的植物物種面

臨滅絕的危險。故選C

6、Whatcausesthelossofbiodiversityaccordingtothetext?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據文章第六段第一句和第二句"Humanactivityhasa

significantimpactonplantextinctionrisk.Ashumanschopdownforeststoclearspace

foragriculture,andtownsandcities,vaststoresofbiodiversityarelost."nJ知,人類

活動對植物滅絕風險有著重要影響。人們砍伐森林，騰出地方來發展農業，建設城

鎮，于是生物多樣性便大幅減少。故選C。

7、Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

標準答案：B

知識點解析:主旨大意題。根據文章第一段"Thestateoftheworld'splantsisnot

strong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskofextinction,accordingtoareporttoutedtobe

thefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.Andsuchlossofplantdiversitycouldhave

devastatingimpactsonourownplantuses.“可知，世界上植物的生存狀況不容樂觀。

據第一份評估全球植物生存狀況的報告顯示，每五種植物中就有一種面臨著滅絕的

風險。這種植物多樣性的減少可能會對我們的植物使用造成破壞性的影響。第一段

開門見山，引出全文討論的話題。第一句直接指出存在的問題，即世界上的植物生

存狀況不容樂觀，引起人們的注意。第二句對前一句進行解釋，援引報告觀點，指

出現在植物面臨著極大的滅絕風險。toutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplant

life一方面表明了報告的權威性，另一方面也從側面表明之前人們對植物的關注不

夠。因此，本文的寫作目的是為了呼吁人們保護生物多樣性。故選B。

ThemassdeathofflyinginextremeheatinNorthQueenslandlastmonthunderlinesthe

importanceofUniversityofQueenslandwildliferesearchtoday.TheUQresearchsheds

lightonhowvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents.AstudyledbyUQ

SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalScience,researcherDr.SeanMaxwellhasspentmore

than70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesofvariousspecies."Thegrowingfrequencyand

intensityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodiscausing

unpredictableandimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagement

efforts,"Dr.Maxwellsaid."Someofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequite

concerning,includingmorethan100casesofdramaticpopulationdeclinesand31causes

oflocalpopulationextinctionfollowinganextremeevent.1'Populationsofcritically

endangeredbirdspeciesinHawaii,suchasthepalia,havebeenannihilateddueto

drought,leavingnoneofitskind,andpopulationsoflizardspecieshavebeenwipedout

duetocyclonesintheBahamas.Cycloneswerethemostcommonextremeeventfor

birds,fish,plantsandreptiles,whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsiveto

droughtevents,withdroughtleadingto12casesofmajorpopulationdeclinein

mammals.Droughtalsoledto13casesofbreedingdeclinesinbirdpopulationsand12

casesofchangesinthecompositionofinvertebratecommunities.UQCentrefor

BiodiversityandConservationSciencedirectorProfessorJamesWatsonsaidthedetailed

informationwouldhelpinformecosystemmanagement.nTheresearchclearlyshows

specieswillrespond,oftennegatively,toextremeevents,"ProfessorWatsonsaid."As

climatechangecontinuestoensureextremeclimateandweathereventsaremoreand

morecommon,wcnowneedtoacttoensurespecieshavethebestchancetosurvive.

Whereverpossible,highqualityandintacthabitatareasshouldberetained,astheseare

theplaceswherespeciesaremostresilienttoincreasingexposuretoextremeevents."

8、Thestudyshowedthat.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句"TheUQresearchshedslighton

howvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents”和第三段的第二句“Some

ofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequiteconcenrng”可知，這項研究主要揭示各

個物種對極端氣候的反應，結果顯示一些負面反應令人堪憂。故選B。

9、Whichofthefollowingwillcausethedeathofsomespecies?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據第三段第一句"Thegrowingfrequencyandintensity

ofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodiscausingunpredictable

andimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagementeffbrls”可知颶

風、干早和洪水等極端天氣事件的頻率和強度不斷增加，對生態系統造成了一些嚴

重的影響，以致很多物種減少甚至滅絕。選項中只有hurricane（颶風）屬于極端

氣候，其他選項均不屬于。故選A。

10、Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推理判斷題。本文主要講極端天氣對野生動物的負面影響，A項為

“人類易受某些動植物的傷害”，文章未提及，且極端天氣在某些情況下是人類活動

造成的，故排除A：根據第五段第一句"whHemammalsandamphibiansweremost

responsivetodroughtevents”可知人類和兩棲動物最容易受干旱的影響，青蛙屬于兩

棲動物，B項正確；根據第三段第一句"Thegrowingfrequencyandintensityof

extremeweathereventssuchascyclones”可知，極端天氣事件的頻率和強度在不斷增

加，無法推出C項的“極端天氣事件在數百年前更為普遍”，排除C；根據第二段

“researcherDr.SeanMaxwellhasspentmorethan70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesof

variousspecies"可知,是Dr.SeanMaxwell做了70多年的研究，D項錯誤。故選

Bo

Thenexttimeyouseeanantinyourkitchen,thinktwicebeforeyoukillit.Why?

Scientistsbelievethatantscanhelpussolvesomeseriousproblems.Antsarevery

successfulanimals.TheycanbefoundineverypartoftheearthexceptforAntarctic,and

afewsmallislands.Over12,500speciesofantsexist.Theirpopulationsnumberinthe

millions.Infact,biologistssaythatifyouweighedeverylivingthingontheplanet,15to

25percentofthetotalweightwouldbemadeupbyants.Whatexplainsants'success?

Theyhaveverysmallbrainsandnoleader.Butasagroup,theyareorganized,efficient,

andexcellentatsolvingproblems.Forexample,theyarealwaysabletofindthefastest

waytogettofood.Thousandsofthemcantraveltothesameplaceatthesametime

withoutgettingintoatrafficjam(somethinghumanshavenotbeenabletofigureout

howtodo).Howcantheydothesethingswithsuchsmallbrains?Theanswerissimple.

Anyoneantdoesn'tneedtoknowmuch;itjustneedsafewsimplerules.Whenitfollows

thoserules,itbecomesonesmallpariofalargegroupbrain.Thisiscalledswarm

intelligence.Scientistsnowhopetoimitateants*organizationalpower.Computer

scientiststhinkitcanhelpincommunication.Theyareusingswarmintelligencetofind

thefastestwaytosendmessagesovertheInternet.Otherscientistsaremakingsimple

robotsthatworkinswarms,likeants.Oneday,theyhopetousetheserobotsto

investigatedangerousplaces.Theyalsothinkthatthecellsinourbodiesmightuse

swarmintelligence.Ifso,thelessonslearnedfromantsmightonedayhelpustreata

varietyofmedicalconditions.

11、WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。由第二段可知，螞蟻數員多，種類多，C項正確；南極

洲和幾個小島上沒有螞蟻，A項錯誤；目前有12500多種螞蟻，B項錯誤；D項中

的onequarter錯誤,原文是15%-25%。故選C。

12、Howdoantsbecomeorganizationallypowerful?

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據第四段前兩句"Theanswerissimple.Anyonear.t

doesn'tneedtoknowmuch；itjustneedsafewsimplerules"可知，螞蟻們如此成功是

因為它們遵循了簡單的規則。故選D。

13、Whydoscientistsstudyants?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推理判斷題。由原文倒數第二段可知，一些科學家希望去模仿螞蟻的

集群智能，即swarmintelligence。最后一段也說，另外一些科學家正在制造一些集

群工作的機器人，以便可以去一些危險的地方研究。由此可知，科學家們都想要去

運用螞蟻的集體智能。故選A。

14>Whatcanweknowaboutantsfromthetext?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據第三段第三句"Butasagroup,theyareorganized,

efficient,efficientandexcellentatsolvingproblems”可知，螞蟻作為群體出動時是有

組織、有效率的，A項中的asindividuals錯誤；通過最后兩段科學家對于螞蟻集群

智能的研究以及希望將它運用到計算機、機器人以及醫學中可知，螞蟻的組織力可

以促進關于交流的研究。B項正確。C項和D項中的“treatavarietyofmedical

condilions”和“investigatedangerousplaces”在最后一段都只是希望做到的事情，而不

是已經完成的，所以C項和D項均錯誤。故選B。

Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialfor

healththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,

farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.

Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightand

inactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic

（新陳代謝）ratesandtooksamples（樣品）oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwo

separatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaverage

speedthat,intheoryshouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneof

theseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletely

emptystomachafteralongovernightfast（禁食）.Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearich

morningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhourafter

eachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen'sbloodandfattissue.

Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,

themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhad

skippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduring

walksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,they

burnedslightlymorecalories（卡路里），onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfast

thanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthe

mostsignificant,theresearchersfound,multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingon

whethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins

（蛋白質）thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin（胰島素）levelsthroughout

thebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuch

moreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.

Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,it

maybewisetoskipeatingfirst.

15^Theunderlinedexpression"stomachit"inParagraphImostprobably

means.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：詞義猜測題。根據卜,文“workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemore

beneficialforhealththaneatingfirst”可知，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯再鍛煉對健康

更有益，因此推斷這里說的是那些不吃早飯先鍛煉的人，因此推斷劃線詞與B項

“不吃早飯能應付”意思相近。故選B。

16、Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據第三段第二句"Theyfirstfound10overweightand

inactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.“可知，他們首先找到了10個超重的、不活躍但

健康的年輕人，他們的生活方式可以說更好，也可以說更糟，代表了我們大多數

人。因此可知，實驗時選擇的10個人的生活方式代表了普通人。故選A。

17、Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據第六段最后兩句"Asaresult,theyburnedmorefat

duringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,

theyburnedslightlymorecalories（卡路里），onaverage,duringtheworkoutafter

breakfastthanafterfasting.”可知，結果，他們空腹散步時燃燒的脂肪比他們先吃東

西時所燃燒的脂肪要多。另一方面，平均而言，他們在早餐后鍛煉時燃燒的卡路里

略多于禁食后。因此可知，鍛煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點的熱量。故選B。

18、Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段"Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthatto

gainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.“可

知，這些結果暗示，為了從運動中獲得最大的健康益處，先不吃東西可能更明智。

因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對健康更有益。故選D。

Forhalfacentury,languageexpertshavefallenintotwocamps,withmost

lexicogiaphersandacademiclinguistsononeside,andtraditionalistwritersandeditors

ontheother.Shouldlanguageexpertsaimtodescribethestateofthelanguage

accurately?Orshouldtheyprescribehowthelanguageshouldbeused?Overthedecades,

thetwosideshavetradedinsults;prcscribcrsarcauthoritariansindenialaboutthereal

worldanddescribersarepermissivistswithnostandards.Twoauthorsinthepasttwo

yearshavemadeitclearthatitistimetomoveon.StevenPinkerisadescriber,alinguist

andcognitivescientist.Butin2014hepublished"TheSenseofStyle",aguidetogood

writingthatendedwithasectionofpreions;dothis,notthat.Theyweregroundedin

deion,notdogma-butpreionstheywerenonetheless.Nowcometwonewbooksby

BryanGarner,aproudpreivistwhoreachesthesamepointfromtheoppositedirection.

Theyrelynotonmereclippings,butonbigdata;millionsofbooksscannedbyGoogle.

ThisletsMr.Garnercompare"hepleadedguilty"withtheupstart"hepledguilty"."Pled"

isgainingground,but"pleaded"isstillthreetimesascommoninbooks.Onthisbasis,

Mr.Garnerprescribes;stickwith"pleaded".ButheallowedGoogle'sdatatochangehis

mind,too,"runthegantlet",howevertraditional,haslongbeenoutnumberedby

examplesof"runthegaunllet",sohehasacceptedthenewerusage.Theconflictbetween

deionandpreionshouldneverhavebecomesobitter.Mr.PinkerisafineEnglishstylist;

itisnosurprisethathehasopinionsonwhethersomewordsandformationsarebetter

thanothers.AndMr.Garnerisadeeplyreadman(andalawyer),soitshouldcomeasno

surprisethathemarshalsevidence.Butbothcampswereill-servedbylessthoughtful

standard-bearers.Manycluelessprcscribcrsreallydidpushdudrules;thebanonsplit

infinitives,thebanonendingsentenceswithprepositions,thenotionthat"since"cannot

mean''because"andsoinanymore.Inthepushbackagainstahistoryofprejudices,

preionrepresentedauthorityandtradition,anddeionrepresenteddemocracyand

progress.Butsensiblewritersonbothsideshavecometoagree,howevertacitly,that

thereisavariety,calledstandardEnglish,withrulesthatcanbefoundbylookingatlarge

volumesofthestuff.Thebestprcscribcrsarcbecomingevermoreinformed,andthe

describersmorecomfortablewiththeideaofgivingpeople"right"and"wrong"

judgmentsonstandardEnglish.Intheend,thetestofagoodpunditisonewhowill

declarethemethodsandevidencethatwentintoajudgmentcall.Onthat,thebestdeivists

andpreivistsshouldbereadytosignanarmisticeinthelongandbloodyusagewars.

19、Wlialdues11leunderlinedwurd"icxiuogiaphcr"(Line1,Para.1)nioslprobably

mean?

標準答案：B

知識點解析：詞義猜測題。根據文章第一段第一句"Forhalfacentury,language

expertshavefallenintotwocamps,withmostlexicographersandacademiclinguistson

oneside,andtraditionalistwritersandeditorsontheother”可知lexicographers應和

traditionalistwritersandeditors相對：根據“lexico''匕知詞意應該與"dictionary”有

關。故選B。

20Whichofthefollowingstatementscomesfromadescriber?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據文章首段最后一句"prescribersareauthoritariansin

denialabouttherealworldanddescribersarepermissivistswithnostandards''可矢口描寫

主義者是亳無標準的放縱主義者；plead的過去式有“pleaded”和“pled”兩種，但英式

更常用的是“pleaded”，而描寫主義者不會太在意，故只有C項符合描寫主義者的

做法。故選C。

21、ItisindicatedinPara.4thattheconflict.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據文章第四段第一句"Theconflictbetweendeionand

preionshouldneverhavebecomesobitter"可知描寫和規定之間的沖突不應該如此激

烈；根據第四段倒數第二句"Butbothcampswereill-servedbylessthoughtful

slandard-bearers”nj知兩方陣營都被某些莽撞的教條主義者拖累了。很多愚蠢的規

定主義者確實推行過毫無用處的規定。故選D。

22>Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

標準答案：C

知識點解析：主旨大意題。縱觀全文，開頭段提出兩大陣營之間的爭端由來已久，

中間介紹了矛盾被一些激進者提出的一些欠考慮的標準限制了兩派的觀點，最后提

出建議雙方應該相互補充、共同合作以達成最好效果。故選C。

Thebusinessworldisoftendepictedasagladiatorialcontestwhereonlytheselfish

survive.Ifthat'swhatyouthink,thenWhartonprofessorAdamGrant'sGiveandTakeis

thenextbookforyou.ItissubtitledARevolutionaryApproachtoSuccess,whichmight

seemlikepublishinghype,butthemessageofGrant'sbookisindeedrevolutionarywhen

seenagainstthebackgroundofaworldviewthatiscommoninthebusinessworld.Think

ofthepeopleyouworkwith.Somearcprobablytotalsweeties,whileothersareonlyout

forthemselves.Whysuchindividualdifferences?Whyisn'teveryoneniceornastytoan

equaldegree?Thisisanevolutionaryquestion.Ifwethinkofnicenessandnastinessas

alternativesocialstrategiesthatcompeteagainsteachother,itturnsoutthateitherone

canwindependinguponthecircumstances.Peoplewhoemploynicestrategiessucceed

bybandingtogethertosharetheirbenefitandavoidingpeoplewhoemploynasty

strategies.It'sthatsimple.Manypeopleimplicitlythinkthatnicenessisavirtueforthe

restoflife,butwhenitcomestoplayingbusinesshardball,onlytheselfishsurvive.The

messageofGrant'sbookGiveandTakeisthatthisisn'ttrue.Grantdividespeopleinto

threebehavioralcategories;givers,matchers,andtaken;.Astheirnamesimply,giversare

sweetieswhounstintinglysharetheirtimeandtalent,seeminglyforthesheerpleasureof

it.Matcherscalibratetheirgivingtotheirtaking,andtakerstakewhatevertheycanget.

Whodoesbestplayingbusinesshardball?Itturnsoutthatthegiversdobestandworst.

Whentheysuccumbtothedepredationsoftakers,theybecomedoormatsandchumps.

Butwhentheymanagetoworkwithothergivers,theyproducespectacularwealthand

sharethecollectivebenefits.Ideologyisalensthatcolorswhatwcsee.Theideologythat

makesAynRandsuchanenduringinfluenceportraysselfishnessasavirtueandmakes

givinglooklikeaweakness.InRand'sepicnovelAtlasShrugged,theword"give"is

evenbannedfromthevocabularyofJohnGait'sUtopiancommunity.Thisworldviewis

partoftheairthatisbreathedinbusinessenvironments.GrantsaidthatWhartonstudents

areconstantlycomingintohisofficeexpressingadesiretogive,whichtheyassumemust

besuppressedintheirbusinesslivesuntiltheymakeafortune.Onlythencanthey

expresstheirdesiretogivebybecomingphilanthropists.Wcneedtoexchangelensesto

seethatgivingcansucceedasabusinessstrategyfromdayone,aslongasgiverscan

keeptheirdistancefromtakers.Businessesflourishwhentheycreatesocialenvironments

thatallownicenesstogeneratevalue,therebywinningrheDarwiniancontest.

23、BycitingthebookGiveandTake,theauthorintendsto.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段第一句和第二句可知，商業世界通常被描述

為一場角斗，只有自私的人才能生存。如果你也是這么想的（跟大眾一樣的想

法），那么你可以看下GireandTake這本書，說明這本書有其獨特之處，再根據

第一段最后一句中的revolutionary可知，這本書中的觀點是革命性的，和C項中

的new相對應。故選C,

24>Grantdividespeopleintothreecategoriesto.

標準答案：B

知識點解析?：推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句和第二句可知，許多人認為友善是一

種終生的美德，但當涉及到商業競爭時，只有自私的人才能生存。格蘭特在書中所

傳達的信息是，這不是事實。接著進行了一項研究，所以研究的目的是想證明友善

也能促進成功。故選人

25、Paragraph4showsthatWhartonstudentstendto.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段可知，給予是一種弱點，甚至在小說中，給

予這個詞是禁詞，根據Thisworldviewispartoftheairthatisbreathedinbusiness

environments可知，這種世界觀是商業環境中不可或缺的一部分（共識）。Grant

說沃頓商學院的學生們不斷地走進他的辦公室，表達出一種給予的欲望，他們認為

在他們發財之前，這種欲望必須在他們的商業生活中受到壓制。也就是說這些學生

認為成功之前不能給予，成功給予可以通過慈善給予，但根據第五段第一句可知，

作者認為我們必須換一種思維，給予是一種促進成功的策略，也就是說給予促進成

功，而不是成功之后再給予，所以說這些學生弄錯了成功和給予的關系。故選C。

26、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsGrant'sbookisoneof.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段第一句可知，作者認為我們需要換個角度

來看，只要給予者能夠與接受者保持距離，給予就可以作為一種商業策略從第一天

起就取得成功。而這和Grant書中的觀點不謀而合，所以作者對Grant的書應該持

支持欣賞的態度。故選A。

一、閱讀理解（本題共26題，每題1.0分，共26分。）

OURPROMISEMakingyourstayacompletesuccessisourgoal.Justletourmanager

ondutyoffront-deskstaffknowifanypartofyourstayisn'tsatisfactory.Wepromiseto

makeitrightoryouwon'tpayforthatpartofyourstay.FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyou

forgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）Justcallthefrontdeskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacement（替代）rightaway.

PLEASEREUSETHETOWELSWeinviteyoutojoinwithustosavewaterbyusing

yourtowels（毛巾）morethanonce.Inadditiontodecreasingwaterandenergywaste,

youcanhelpusreducetheamountofwastewaterthatmustberecycledwithinour

community.Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtoparticipateintheprogram—ifnot,

simplyleavethemonthefloor.Weappreciateyourhelp!PLEASECHANGETHE

SHEETSTODAYTheProjectPlanetProgramisaneffortofthishoteltoprotectthe

environmentthroughsavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.Ifyouarestayingwithus

morethanonenight,aspartoftheProjectPlanetProgram,wewillwashyoursheets

everythreedays.Ifyouwouldprefernottoparticipateinthisprogram,simplyhangthis

cardontheoutsideofyourdoorandsheetswillbechangedrightaway.Asalwayssheets

arcautomaticallychangedaftereveryguestchecksout.Wcappreciateyourhelp!

27>Ifyouforgetyourcomb,youcan.

buyoneinthehotelshop

replaceonewithatoothbrush

C、askforonefromtheservicecenter

D^goinpersonandgetoneatthefrontdesk

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyouforgettopack

anystandardtoiletryitem(toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb),justcallthefront-deskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacementrightaway.“可

知，如果忘了帶梳子，給前臺打電話就可以免費得到一個。故選C。

28、Leavingthetowelsonthefloormeans.

A、youwanttoparticipateintheprogram

B、youwanttheroom-maidtohangitup

C>youneedthemcollectedandwashed

D、youwanttousethemmorethanonce

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節理解題。根據PLEASEREUSETHETOWELS中的"Pleasehang

thetowelsupifyouwishtojoinintheprogram-ifnot,simplyleavethemonthefloor."

可知，如果把毛巾放在地上，說明不同意毛巾的循環利用。故選C。

29、WhalisthePrujeulPlanetProgramtryin