PAGEPAGE8PeriodFourGrammar—TheAttributiveClause(prep.＋which/whom)感知以下課文原句，完成方框下的小題1．However，afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork，theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.2．Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents，forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone’shouseisthefirststeptofame.3．Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs，forwhichtheyarepaidincash.4．Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic，mostofwhichwasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.5．Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert，atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?6.Theyproducedanewrecordin1996，withwhichtheycelebratedtheirformertimeasarealband.1．以上六個(gè)句子都運(yùn)用了“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞若指物，那么介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which；若指人，則用whom。2．以上六個(gè)句子中，第1句是限制性定語從句，第2～6句是非限制性定語從句。一、基本構(gòu)成在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物用which，指人用whom，不行用that或who代替。TherecomesTom，forwhomIhavebeenwaitinganhourorso.湯姆來了，我等了他大約一個(gè)小時(shí)。HehandedmeapenwithwhichIwrotedownhisphonenumber.他遞給我一支鋼筆，我用它登記了他的電話號碼。Theuniversityinwhichmybrotheroncestudiedisveryfamous.我哥哥曾經(jīng)就讀的高校很出名氣。二、介詞不能提前的狀況有些固定動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前。常見的這類動詞短語有l(wèi)istento，lookat，dependon，lookfor，payattentionto，takecareof，lookafter，takepartin，callon，catchupwith，getalongwith，hearof，lookforwardto等。Thismustbethekeythatsheislookingfor.這確定是她正在找尋的那把鑰匙。Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.這就是你將要照看的那個(gè)嬰兒。Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweheardof.我們常常談?wù)撐覀兟犝f的人和事。三、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的拓展1．困難介詞＋關(guān)系代詞用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞有which，whom和whose。常用的困難介詞有becauseof，infrontof，asaresultof，atthebackof等。Hewasbadlyhurtintheaccident，becauseofwhichhedidn’tgotowork.他在事故中嚴(yán)峻受傷。因此，他沒去上班。Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，infrontofwhichsataboy.他們來到一座農(nóng)舍，農(nóng)舍前面坐著一個(gè)男孩。2．表部分或整體概念的“代詞＋of＋關(guān)系代詞”Chinahaslotsofislands，oneofwhichisHainanIsland.中國有許多島嶼，其中之一是海南島。Theoldmanhasthreesons，allofwhomcareabouthim.那位老人有三個(gè)兒子，他們都很關(guān)切他。3．the＋名詞＋of＋關(guān)系代詞此結(jié)構(gòu)用來代替“whose＋名詞”，也可用“ofwhichthe＋名詞”。他們在窗戶朝南的試驗(yàn)室里做試驗(yàn)。Iwilltalktothosestudentsthehomeworkofwhom/whosehomework/ofwhomthehomeworkhasn’tbeendone.我要和沒完成作業(yè)的學(xué)生談話。4．關(guān)系副詞when，where，why可用“介詞＋which”來代替Ioftenthinkofthemomentwhen(＝atwhich)IsawtheUFO.我常常想起我望見不明飛行物的那一刻。Thepolicesearchedthehousewhere(＝inwhich)thethiefhadstayed.警察搜查了那個(gè)小偷待過的房子。Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)heperformedbadly.我不知道他為什么表現(xiàn)差。四、theway后定語從句的關(guān)系詞way表示“方法，方式”時(shí)，其后的定語從句有兩種狀況：1．theway的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，用that和which均可，作賓語時(shí)可省略。Theway(that/which)hethoughtoftopreventtheairpollutionwasverygood.2．theway的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作方式狀語時(shí)，用that或inwhich均可，現(xiàn)代英語傾向于省略關(guān)系詞。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.我不喜愛你同你母親說話的方式。單句語法填空1．InPhiladelphia,theartshaveaneconomicimpact(經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng))ofalmost$3billionandsupport44,000jobs,80percentofwhichactuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry.(2024·江蘇)2．Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewell-educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2024·江蘇)3．Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.(2024·浙江)4．Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.(2015·安徽)5．Creatinganatmosphereinwhichemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.(2015·浙江)Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1．I’vecomeacrossasituationinwhicheveryoneisbusyovertheirownbusiness.2．Thecarranintoacrowdofmiddleschoolstudents，twoofwhomweresenttohospitalimmediately.3．Thisisthereasonforwhichhehasbeenremoved.4．ThisisthefarmonwhichIstudiedtheinsectsthreeyearsago.5．Hewrotealetterinwhichheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.6．Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum，theconstructionofwhichhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.7．ThehouseinwhichIgrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.8．Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，afterwhichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.9．Ihavetoldthemthereason，forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.10．Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.Ⅱ.用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”完成句子11．Ihaveanewbook，thecoverofwhichisverynice.我有一本新書，它的封面很好。12．Thereisn’tapersontowhomshecanturnforhelp.沒有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。13．Icannotremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.我記不得他是在幾歲時(shí)獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)的了。14．Thegirl，ofwhomherparentsareproud，hasgonetotheUSA.那個(gè)女孩已經(jīng)去了美國，她的父母為她感到傲慢。基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句把下面兩個(gè)句子合成一個(gè)句子1．Theboywasoftenlateforschool.Thereasonisstillunknown.Thereasonforwhichtheboywasoftenlateforschoolisstillunknown.2．RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase.Itspricewasveryreasonable.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.3．Ihaveboughttwobooksrecently.Neitheroftheminterestsmybrother.Ihaveboughttwobooksrecently，neitherofwhichinterestsmybrother.4．Theyclimbeduptoalargerock.Theygotagoodviewfromit.Theyclimbeduptoalargerock，fromwhichtheygotagoodview.5．IwouldliketothankmyEnglishteacher.Iwouldhaveneverpassedthecollegeentranceexaminationwithouther.IwouldliketothankmyEnglishteacher，withoutwhomIwouldhaveneverpassedthecollegeentranceexamination.6．Johnsonhasnowmovedbacktothevillage.Hewasbornthere.Johnsonhasnowmovedbacktothevillageinwhichhewasborn.7．Thepenisbroken.Idomyhomeworkwithiteveryday.ThepenwithwhichIdomyhomeworkeverydayisbroken.8．Heisnowabletobeathisfather.Helearnedhowtoplaychessfromhisfather.Heisnowabletobeathisfather，fromwhomhelearnedhowtoplaychess.Ⅱ.用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”完成句子9．Asaresult，Ihadnochoicebuttocompletelyfocusonmystudy，forwhichIamverysorry.結(jié)果，我別無選擇只好完全投入到我的學(xué)習(xí)中去，我為此感到特別缺憾。10．I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIstartedhighschool.我恒久都不會遺忘起先上中學(xué)的那一天。11．Myfathergavemesomeextramoney，withwhichIboughtsomebooks.父親給我一些額外的錢，用這些錢我買了一些書。12．IamveryfamiliarwiththeschoolinwhichIhaveworkedfortwentyyears.對于這所我已經(jīng)工作了20年的學(xué)校，我特別熟識。13．Theyaretheverypeopletowhomyoucanalwaysturnforhelp.他們就是你總是可以向其求助的人。14．Hereliesonhisrelativesfromwhomheoftenborrowsmoney.他依靠于常常借給他錢的親戚。實(shí)力提升Ⅲ.完形填空There’sasayingaboutelephantsthatgoes，“Elephantsneverforget.”Arecentonlinevideoholds15tothissaying，asababyelephantsavedamanfromdrowning.Thefive-year-oldelephantwasnamedKhamLa.Themanshe“16”isDarrickThomson，hertrainer.Darrick17toKhamLawhilehewasinarushingriveroftheElephantNaturePark，Thailand.KhamLa18toherfavoritepersonandimmediatelyofferedhertrunkwhenshegotclosetoDarrick.Tofurther19himfromtherushingwater，KhamLablockeditbyputtingupherleftleg.Darrick20hertrunkwhenKhamLaattemptedtobringhimtosafety.21Darrickwasn’tindanger.Hepretendedtobe22toshowpeopletheclosebondhehadformedwithKhamLa.TheclosebondwasformedwhenDarricksavedKhamLafromthe23methodsusedonbabyelephantsfortouristattractions.“KhamLawasinareally24waywhenshecametous，”explainedDarrick.“Shehadbeentiedupand25tohavecrueltrainingknownas‘crushing’toprepareherforwork.We26herandhelpedhertorecover.Shebecamereally327tome.Iwentintherivertoshowjusthowcloseour28is.Ifyoushowwarmthandkindnesstothem，they’ll29youwell，too.”“Crushing”isa30methodusedonbabyelephants.Theyarebeaten31theyobeytheirtrainers.“She’snowa(n)32youngelephant.Thevideoshowsjusthowclosesheistomeandit’sanimportantlessontobekindto33.Thisreallygoestoshowthatanelephanttrulynever34！”Darrickadded.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者敘述了馴象人與小象結(jié)下的友情。贊揚(yáng)了動物知恩圖報(bào)的美德，提示人們要善待它們。15．A.necessary B．trueC．special D．possible答案B解析此處表示一個(gè)視頻適用于這個(gè)諺語，holdtrue適用，符合語境。16．A.fought B．invitedC．saved D．visited答案C解析由上段最終一句中的“savedaman”可知，saved符合題意。17．A.calledout B．pointedoutC．handedout D．reachedout答案A解析由“inarushingriver”可知，德里克處在湍急的河水中，明顯要大聲喊叫。callout大叫，符合題意。pointout指出；handout分發(fā)；reachout伸出。18．A.rode B．flewC．rushed D．floated答案C解析從下文可知，小象喜愛德里克，聽到呼叫確定會沖過去供應(yīng)幫助。rush沖，符合語境。ride騎；flow流淌；float漂流。19．A.separate B．controlC．lift D．protect答案D解析小象為了“愛護(hù)”德里克·湯姆森，抬起了左腿。protect愛護(hù)，符合題意。separate隔開；control限制；lift舉起。20．A.heldonto B．keptupwithC．tooknoticeof D．brokeawayfrom答案A解析小象想把德里克·湯姆森送到平安的地方，明顯他要抓住小象的鼻子。21．A.Hopefully B．FinallyC．Gradually D．Actually答案D解析由設(shè)空后“Darrickwasn’tindanger.Hepretended”可知，德里克“事實(shí)上”并沒有處在危急中。actually事實(shí)上，符合題意。22.A.escaping B．researchingC．drowning D．a(chǎn)rguing答案C解析由“pretendedtobe”和第一段最終一句中的“savedamanfromdrowning”可知drowning符合語境。23．A.useless B．cruelC．unusual D．scientific答案B解析由下一段中的“havecrueltrainingknownas‘crushing’toprepareherforwork”可知，cruel殘酷的，符合題意。useless無用的；unusual不同尋常的；scientific科學(xué)的。24．A.bad B．differentC．easy D．strange答案A解析inabadway境況困難。different不同的；easy簡單的；strange驚奇的。25．A.encouraged B．a(chǎn)llowedC．forced D．reminded答案C解析從設(shè)空后“havecrueltrainingknownas‘crushing’toprepareherforwork”可知，這種殘酷的訓(xùn)練明顯是要“強(qiáng)迫”小象去做。force強(qiáng)迫，符合題意。encourage激勵(lì)；allow允許；remind提示。26．A.followed B．freedC．a(chǎn)ccepted D．rewarded答案B解析從設(shè)空后“helpedhertorecover”可知，德里克讓小象獲得了自由。free釋放，符合語境。follow跟著；accept接受；reward獎(jiǎng)賞。27．A.important B．niceC．helpful D．close答案D解析由下句中“howclose”可知，close親密的，符合題意。important重要的；nice好的；helpful有幫助的。28．A.relationship B．careerC．concern D．service答案A解析由上下文可知，德里克想驗(yàn)證的是兩者之間的親密關(guān)系。relationship關(guān)系，符合題意。career生涯；concern關(guān)切；service服務(wù)。29．A.rescue B．influenceC．treat D．judge答案C解析依據(jù)“Ifyoushowwarmthandkindnesstothem”可知，假如你對大象好，大象也會這樣對待你。treat對待，符合題意。rescue營救；influence影響；judge推斷。30．A.fanning B．trainingC．working D．a(chǎn)cting答案B解析依據(jù)下句中“theyobeytheirtrainers”可知，設(shè)空前提到的“crushing”應(yīng)當(dāng)是訓(xùn)練小象的方法。training訓(xùn)練，符合題意。31．A.since B．evenifC．unless D．sothat答案D解析打它們的目的就是讓它們聽從馴象師的吩咐。sothat以便，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。32．A.happy B．unluckyC．naughty D．careless答案A解析從下句“Thevideoshowsjusthowclosesheistome...”可知，這頭小象與德里克關(guān)系親密，確定是“華蜜的”。happy華蜜的，符合題意。unlucky不幸運(yùn)的；naughty調(diào)皮的；careless馬虎的。33．A.friends B．classmatesC．strangers D．a(chǎn)nimals答案D解析由設(shè)空前“it’sanimportantlessontobekindto”可知這是善待動物的重要一課。animal動物，符合題意。friend摯友；classmate同學(xué)；stranger生疏人。34．A.settles B．forgetsC．ignores D．changes答案BⅣ.語法填空Asteenagers，youhavemanydreams.Thesedreamscanbeverybig，suchaswinningtheNobelPrize，ortheycanbeverysmall，forexample，youmayjustwanttobecomethe35.(good)studentinyourclass.Onceyoufindadream，whatdoyoudowithit？Doyouevertry36.(make)yourdreamcometrue?AndrewMathews,37.Australianwriter，tellsusthatmakingourdreamscometrueisthebiggestchallengeinourlife.Youmaythinkyouarenotverygood38.someschoolsubjectsoritis39.(possible)foryoutobecomeawriter.Thesekindsofthoughtsstopyou40.(realize)yourdreams.Infact，everyonecanrealizehisdream.Keeptellingyourself41.youwant.Dothisstepbystepandyourdreamwillcometrueearlierbecauseabigdream42.(make)upofmanysmalldreams.Youmustalsonevergiveupyourdream.Therewillbemany43.(difficult)ontheroadtoyourdream.Butthebiggestonecomesfrom44.(you)．Youneedtodecidewhatisthemostimportant.語篇解讀人人都有幻想，而實(shí)現(xiàn)幻想的最大困難來自人們自己。35．答案best解析考查形容詞最高級。依據(jù)句意可知，你想成為班里最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，故此處用good的最高級best。36．答案tomake解析考查非謂語動詞。trytodosth.努力做某事。37．答案an解析考查冠詞。Australian是以元音音素開頭的單詞，故用不定冠詞an。38．答案at解析考查介詞。begoodat擅長。39．答案impossible解析考查形容詞。認(rèn)為自己不行能成為一位作家。possible可能的；impossible不行能的。40．答案realizing解析考查非謂語動詞。stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻擋某人做某事。41．答案what解析考查賓語從句。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中作賓語。42．答案ismade解析考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且依據(jù)bemadeupof“由……組成”可知，此處是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。43．答案difficulties解析考查名詞。依據(jù)many可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。44．答案yourself解析考查代詞。依據(jù)句意可知，最大的困難來自你自己。故用反身代詞yourself。Ⅴ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。You’resittingonthetrainhomeandthepersonoppositeyouyawns(打哈欠)．Suddenly，you’reyawningwithhimthoughyou’renottired.Thisphenomenonconfusedscientistsforyearsuntilarecentstudyfoundthatpeopletendtosympathize(憐憫)withfellowhumans.Supportingthisclaimwasthediscoverythatthosechildrenwhowereunabletoformnormalemotionaltieswithothersdidnotexperiencecont