考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷347

一、閱讀（補全短文）（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共

20分。）

Youarcgoingtoreadatextaboutnegotiatingrulesforaraise,followedbyalistof

evidences.ChoosethebestevidencefromthelistA?Fforeachnumbered

subheading。~5）.Thereisoneextraevidencewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Although

womenhavecertainlymadeplentyofprogressintheworkplaceoverthepastthree

decades,theglassceilingremainsfirmlyinplaceatmanycompanies—especiallywhenit

comestocompensation.Butsomeexpertsnowsuggestthatthewageimbalancebetv/een

thesexescouldhaveasrruchtodowithwomen'sfailuretonegotiatewellasanyother

factor.Sohowcanwomen—andmentoo,forthatmatternegotiatebetterdealsinthe

workplace?Millerrecentlyspokeonthetopicataworkshoporganizedbythe

AdvertisingWomenofNewYork.Here'sacrashcourseonhisfindings:[Cl]Show

enthusiasm.Themostimportantmistakeyoucanmakeistoactpassiveandwaitforthem

tolureyouwithafantasticoffer.[C2]Knowwhatyouwant.You'retryingtogeta

betterjobthanwhatyouhave,notasolutiontoallyourproblems.[C31Avoidshowing

yourhand.Ininterviews,manycandidatesareasked:Howmuchdoyouearnatyour

currentjob?Doyoublurtitout?That'sahugemistake—youloseamajorbargaining

tool.Sohowdoyoudealwithit?Learntosaythatit'snotaboutthemoney,butratherthe

jobitselfthatattractsyoutothecompany.[C4]Showwhyyou'rethebestfit.Startby

knowingthatyoualreadyhavetheskillsforthejobifyougetaninterview,andthatthey'

retalkingtoatleastfiveotherpeopleinthesamesituationasyou.Whatyouhavetodois

toshowthatyouaretheperfectmatchfbrtheirneeds.[C5]Beonthelookoutatall

times.Evenifyouloveyourcurrentjob,it'salwaysgoodtohaveonefootinthe

marketplace.Network,network,network.Meetfolksinthesameindustrybyjoininga

professionalorganizationandparticipateinhigh-visibilityactivities.Gettoknowpeople

whoareinapositiontohireyoubeforeyou'reinapositionwhereyouneedajob.It's

easiertodeveloparelationshipwithpeoplewhenyoudon'tneedanythingfromthem.

Considerjoiningasocialcluborworkingfbracharity.Itnotonlyhelpsintroduceyouto

peopleinyourareabutalsoexposesyoutopeopleinotherfieldsthatyoumightbe

interestedinexploring.[A]Infact,avoidtalkingaboutmoneyuntilthelastlegofthe

interviewprocess,whenthey'rereadytomakeyouanoffer.Thenyou'llknowyou'rethe

candidatetheywant,andtheballisinyourcourt.[B]Sodon'tgettooemotionally

attachedtothejobforwhichyou'reinterviewing.Somethingmayseemlikeadrcamjob

fromtheoutside,butit'simportanttoremainobjective.Youshouldbeabletowalkaway

withoutremorseiftheycan'tmeetwhatyoumostwantfromthejob.|C|Ithelpsin

determiningyourownworthandcangiveyouanothertooltonegotiateapromotionor

raiseatyourcurrentjob.Somakesureyoukeepyourearsperkedup,albeitdiscreetly.

[D]Dancearoundthenumberandaskwhatthey'vebudgetedfortheposition.Ifpressed.

bepreparedwithanumberthatreflectsyourtotalcurrentcompensation,includingall

benefitsandbonus.[E]Thccar-buyingapproachwithadealer——"I'llgoelsewhereifyou

won'tgivemethebestdeal"won'tworkwithemployment.Youhavetoshowexcitement

andenthusiasmandmaketheemployerwantyou.|F]Asktherightquestionsaboutthe

cultureandthejobrequirements,andpeppertheconversationwithwhatyourown

expectationsare.Ifit'sateamculture,giveexamplesofsituationswhereyouhavebeena

greatteamplayer.Ifthecompanycentersmoreonindividualperformance,showhow

yougenerategreatideas.

K[Cl]

標準答案：E

知識點解析：本語段的強調的是談判過程中應該表現的熱情積極，而不是消極等

待。選項E中的買汽車的例子則從反面論證了消極等待不適合找工作時的談判。

找工作時應該讓雇主看到面試者對工作的熱情才是獲得工作的最佳途徑。選項中的

excitementandenthusiasm與標題相呼應，因此E是最佳選項。

2、[C2]

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本語段的主要內容是找工作時要知道自己最想要的是什么，即明確目

標。因此支持本段的語句應是圍繞得到自己最想要的展開。選項B則是從正反兩

個方面論述了如何對待選擇的問題：當面對看上去特別理想的工作時，要對此有客

觀的評價，而如果工作不能滿足自己最想要的，那就果斷地離開。該選項與段落標

題相符。同時，選項中的whatyoumostwant與標題相對應。故B是最佳選項。

3、[C3]

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本語段的主要內容是在面試過程中應該避免因為透漏自己的底細而失

去談判的機會。以工資為例，論述了如何在面試中應對此類容易露底的問題。選項

D則針對工資的問題論述了如何應對此類提問，是對段落的延伸，故D為最佳選

項。

4、[C4]

標準答案：F

知識點解析：本語段的主題為：表明為什么自己是最適合的。段落中論述了求職者

應該向雇主表明自己是所有求職者中最適合這份，作，最能滿足對方需求的人選。

論據應選擇與表達自己的優勢相關的內容。選項F則從團隊協作和個人表現等方

面論述了個人如何滿足公司的要求，故F為最佳答案。

5、[C5]

標準答案：C

知識點詞析：本語段的主題為：時刻尋找更好的工作。段落指出時刻關注就業市場

對自己的有好處的。C選項則具體論述了好處是什么，如晉升或漲工資等，是段落

的延伸，且最后一句“應該一直豎起耳朵留意情況''也與標題"時刻尋找''相呼應，故

C是最佳答案。

Youarcgoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutpanicattacks.Choosethemost

suitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(l~5).Therearctwo

extraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.|A]Whatispanicdisorder?|B|Doesitrun

infamilies?|C]HowcanIcope?|D]Whatisthebesttherapy?|E]Whatcausesapanic

attack?[F]Howtodiagnosepanicattack?|G]Whatisapanicattack?Itcancomeoutof

nowhere.You'reshoppingforgroceriesorbucklingyourseatbeltwhensuddenlyyour

musclescontractandyourheartbeginstopound.Panicattackscanbebothbewildering

andterrifying,butthey'renotunusual.Anestimated2.4millionpeopleexperienceone

everyyear.Itmaybeginastightnessinthechest,shortnessofbreathoragalloping

heartbeat.Manysufferersbelievetheyarchavingaheartattackandrushtothe

emergencyroom.Prevalencerateshavebeenontheupswingsincethe1950s,although

manyexpertsbelievewhatseemslikeatrendissimplybetterdiagnosis.[Cl]

Morethanafeelingofanxiety,apanicattackproducesdistinctivephysicalsymptoms.

Eachpersonexperiencespanicdifferently,butmostpeoplereportintensefear

accompaniedbybodilysensationsthatcanrangefromaracinghearttonauseaand

dizziness.Paniccancomeonsuddenlyorslowlyandusuallylastsnomorethan20

minutesatitspeak.[C2]Scientistsbelievepanicattacksstemfromthebrain's

"fightorflight"systemgoneawry,oftenignitedbystressoratraumaticevent.Inour

high-octanesociety,thatresponsecankickinwithnorealthreatinsightorafterthe

sourceofstressislonggone.Researchsuggeststhatchronicpanicsufferersmaybe

easilyflummoxedbytheirbodilysensations.Someonevulnerabletopanicmight

interpretarapidheartbeatasaheartattack.Iffearoverwhelmsher,thesymptoms

intensifyinaviciouscycle.[C3]Vulnerabilitytoanxietymayhavea

biologicalbasis.Ifaparentorsiblinghaspanicattacks,aperson'sriskincreasesbyabout

sixfold.AYalestudyfoundthatpanicattacksufferershadfewerserotoninreceptorsin

theirbrains,whileotherstudiessuggestthosewithanxietymayhaveoverlysensitive

"suffocationalarmsystems",whichdcicctashortageofoxygenevenundernormal

conditions.[C4]Panicattacksaresofrighteningthatsuffererswilldojust

aboutanythingtoavoidanother.Thatmaymeanstayingawayfromsituationsassociated

withanxiety.Someonewhooncepanickedonanairplanemightdecidenottofly.Butthe

fearoftenextendstoothersettings;theplanephobicmightstarttodreadcarsandbuses

aswell.Peoplewithfull-blownpanicdisorder,inwhichattacksarcafrequentproblem,

feelconstantlyvulnerable,whichforcesthemtobevigilant.Onlyaboutathirdofpeople

whogetoccasionalpanicattackswillgoontodeveloppanicdisorder.Eventhoughmen

andwomenreporttheattackswithequalfrequency,womenaretwiceaslikelytogetthe

disorder.[C5]Antidepressantmedicationmayhelpalleviatepanic.However,

cognitive-behavioraltherapymayworkevenbetter;researchersestimatethatupto80

percentofpanicsuffererscanbehelpedbypsychotherapyalone.Therapistsoftentreat

panicbyexposingthepatienttofearedsettingsofincreasingintensity.Exposuretherapy

canalsoincludeexposuretothephysicalsensationsofpanicspinningclientsincirclesto

makethen】dizzy,havingtheminhalecaibondioxideorbreathethroughastrawoijogto

raisetheirheartrates.Onceclientslearnthatthosefeelingsdonotsignalimpending

doom,theycanbetterwithstandpanic-andeventuallypreventitaltogether.

6、[Cl]

標準答案：G

知識點解析：該段的主要內容是介紹驚恐癥的基本癥狀和持續時間。段首指出驚恐

癥會感到焦慮，并且大多數人會感到恐懼伴隨身體上的反應，從心悸到惡心，頭暈

等。并且驚恐癥的出現可能是緩慢的或者突然的，持續時間不超過20分鐘。由此

可以判定本語段主要是介紹什么是驚恐癥，故G是最佳答案。

7、[C2]

標準答案：E

知識點角》析：本部分主要分析了引發驚恐癥的原因一一由于刺激或創傷引發的腦

“應激反應”系統失靈。并且有研究者認為患慢性驚恐痘的人還會患上更嚴重的綜合

癥。由此可以判定本段的主旨是闡述導致驚恐癥的原因，故E是最佳答案。

8、[C3]

標準答案：B

知識點解析：該語段主要介紹了驚恐癥的生物遺傳性：如果父母或兄弟姐妹中有人

患驚恐癥，那么一個人患病幾率會增加六倍。故B為最佳選項。

9、[C4]

標準答案：A

知識點解析：該語段主要介紹了驚恐癥患者如何防止驚恐癥復發，什么是驚恐性紊

亂，以及患驚恐性紊亂的性別趨勢。可以判斷本部分主要是論述什么是驚恐性紊

亂，故A是最佳答案。

10、[C5]

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本部分主要介紹了治療驚恐癥的多種途徑：抗抑郁藥物、認知行為理

療、心理治療等，并指出認知行為理療是比抗抑郁藥物更好的治療驚恐癥的方法，

文章還詳細描述了暴露療法的具體治療過程，可以判斷這兩段丈字主要是介紹驚恐

癥的治療方法，故C為最佳選項。

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1~5,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA?Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Anybodywhohaseverbeen

insideasupermarkethasencounteredgreatervarietyinfiveminutesthanMarcoPolo

wasexposedtoinalifetime.Hundredsofbreakfastcerealsstandacrosstheaislefromas

manydifferentcookies,includingenoughsubspeciesofchocolatechiptoprovidethe

adventurousanewtypeeachdayofthemonth.[Cl]HadMarcoPolohad

accesstoaPathMarkoraSafeway,hecouldhavebeenaworld-classexplorerwithout

travelinganywhere(fbrbreakfastalone,hecouldhavediscoveredsevenkindsof

Cheerios).[C2]Timeisonlyoneofmanyhiddencostsofabundancetoour

society,accordingtoSwarthmoresocialpsychologistBarrySchwartzinhisintermittently

brilliantsixthbook,"TheParadoxofChoice"."Asaculture,weareenamoredof

freedom,self-determination,andvariety,andwcarcreluctanttogiveupanyofour

options,"hewriteswithcharacteristicdirectness."Rutclingingtenaciouslytoallthe

choicesavailabletouscontributestobaddecisions,toanxiety,stress,and

dissatisfaction-eventoclinicaldepression."[C3]Rut,asSchwartzably

documents,weenteranequivalentsupermarketofoptionswhendecidingwherewewant

tolive,forwhomwewanttowork,andevenhowwewanttolook.Whilefewhave

completeautonomy,acombinationoftechnologicalefficiencyandlaissez-fairemorality

haveopenedmorechoicestomoreAmericansthaneverbefore.Thereportthatmore

Americansarealsomoreunhappythaneverbeforemightsimplybeaperverse

coincidence.[C4]Yet,thecaseSchwartzmakesforacorrelationbetweenour

emotionalstateandwhathecallsthe"tyrannyofchoice"iscompelling,theimplications

disturbing.Fromunmetexpectationstoregretovertheroadnottaken,theperilsofliving

inamultiple-choicesocietyrivalinnumberthevarietyofsnacksinthelargestgrocery

store.Drivingthismalaiseistheproblemthat"everythingsuffersfromcomparison".

Schwartzdescribesasimpleexperimentinwhichpeopleareaskedwhetherthey'drather

begiven$100outright,orgambleonwinning$200atthetossofacoin.Thatthevast

majoritywouldpreferthe$100mayseemstrangeatfirst:a50percentchanceofearning

$200ismathematicallyequivalenttoa100percentchanceofearning$100.Halfthe

peopleaskedoughttooptforthecointoss.[C5]Economistscapturethis

phenomenoninthelawofdiminishingmarginalutility(andprovideustheformulaeto

calculatethat,psychologically,we'dneedwinningsofS240tobeequallytemptedbythe

cointoss).How,though,doesthisasymmetryrelatetoreal-lifechoices?Iflosses

subjectivelyweighmoreheavilythangains,theadvantagesofanychocolatechipcookie

orcareerpathweselectwillcountforlessthanthoseoftheoptionswepassup.|A|With

somanyoptionstochoosefrom,thepoormanwouldscarcelyhavehadtimetogetoutof

town.[B]Wemayevenquestionthestatistics:asthesocialstigmaassociatedwith

depressiondecreases,peoplemaybemoreopenabouttheirlistlessness.Theymayeven

feelencouragedtoconsiderthemselvesdepressedasthesubjectreceivessomuch

attentioninthemedia.[CJWhatarewetodo?Schwartzthinkshehassomeanswers.

However,whileshrewdlyavoidingtheage-oldcalltoturnbackthehandsoftime,he

stumblesinsteadheadlongintotheabyssofgratuitousself-help.|D|However,the

alternativesarenotpsychologicallyequivalent;Gettingtwicethemoneyisnottwiceas

pleasurable.Thedistancebetweenzeroand100issubjectivelygreaterthanthedistance

between100and200.[E]Rulthat'sjustthestart:Theaveragegrocerystorestocks30,000

distinctitems,ofwhich20,000areunceremoniouslyclumpedandreplacedannually.

[F]Schwartz'smistakeistoassumethatweneedanswers,anabundanceofthem,andthat

suchsolutionscanbeproducedandconsumedaseasilyasbreakfastcereals.[G]Wcrclife

limitedtoshoppingfbrchocolatechipcookiesandCheerios,suchaclaimmightseem

exaggerated,ifnotabsurd.

11、[Cl]

標準答案：E

知識點解析：本題獨立成段.應與上下文意思保持一致。根據上文，作者描述了超

級市場中種類繁多的各種商品，并且同一種類的商品也有各種不同的類別。下文開

端也是描述了商場中的商品種類繁多這一主題。因此選項應與商品種類繁多有關。

通讀選項可發現，選項E通過描寫雜貨店的幾萬件商品庫存，且每年會有兩萬件

被隨便丟棄和替換說明了商品種類繁多的事實.與上下文保持連貫，故E選項是

最佳選項。

12、[C2]

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題位于段末，應與前文意思相符。前文大意是帕斯馬克商店或者賽

威商場有品種繁多的商品，即使是不用再去別的地方，就可以買到需要的商品。選

項A以Withsomanyoptionstochoosefrom（面臨眾多選擇）開頭，與前文的商品種類

多相銜接。故A為最佳選項。

13、[C3]

標準答案：G

知識點解析：本題位于段首，應從下文內容來進行判斷。下丈的大意為我們面臨的

眾多選擇就像把自己置身于一個超級市場，有眾多的商品可供我們選擇，但是很少

有人能獲得徹底的自主權，而枝術和道德觀的結合則為人們提供了更多的選擇。由

此可以判斷本段主要是說在日常生活中人們將面臨很多選擇。選項G則從反面列

舉了巧克力碎餅干和麥圈等有限的選擇來說明選擇有限不符合實際.是從反面論述

下文內容，故G為最佳選項。

14、[C4]

標準答案：B

知識點解析：木題應從上文獲取答題信息…上文表明指出美國人比過去更不開心，

此類報道可能僅是一種偶然的巧合，因此下文應證明該報道的偶然性。選項B指

出人們對統計數據的質疑態度，并通過美國人更加正視自己的頹廢來說明美國人能

用正確的心態對待選擇。因此B是最佳選項。

15>[C5]

標準答案：D

知識點解析：本題應從上文中獲取信息。上文通過100美元和200美元的試驗，測

試了“所有的事情都受到相互比較之苦的問題，并給出了測試結果。選項應該延續

測試結果進行分析。選項D從100美元和200美元的選擇行為和心理感受的不同

對前文的測試結果給以分析，故D是最佳答案。

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?5,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Duringthepastdecade,the

UnitedStatesandRussiahavejoinedinanumberofeffortstoreducethedangerposed

bytheenormousquantityofweapons-usablematerialwithdrawnfromnuclearweapons.

Othercountriesandvariousprivategroupshaveassistedinthistask.[Cl]

Theserisksfallintothreeclasses:theriskthatsomefraction,beitlargeorsmall,ofthe

inventoriesofnuclearweaponsheldbyeightcountrieswillbedetonatedeitherby

accidentordeliberately;theriskthatnuclearweaponstechnologywilldiffuseto

additionalnations;andtheriskthatnuclearweaponswillreachthehandsofterrorist

individualsorgroups.[C2]Indeed,successincontainingtheseriskswouldfly

inthefaceofhistoricalprecedent.Allnewtechnologieshavebecomedual-use,inthat

theyhavebeenusedbothtoimprovethehumanconditionandastoolsinmilitary

conflict.Moreover,allnewtechnologieshave,intime,spreadaroundtheglobe.Butthis

precedentmustbebrokenwithrespecttothereleaseofnucleartechnology.[C3]

SincetheendoftheColdWar,thelikelihoodthatoneoranothercountrywould

deliberatelyusenuclearweaponshasindeedlessened,althoughtheconsequencesofsuch

usewouldbeenormous.Therefore,thisriskhasbynomeansdisappeared.Inparticular,

nuclearweaponsmightbeusedinaregionalconflict,suchasbetweenIndiaandPakistan.

[C4]Allothernationsoftheworldhavejoinedthetreatyas"Non-Nuclear

WeaponsStates",butonecountry(NorthKorea)haswithdrawn.Somecountries—

presumedtoincludeIranand.untiltheousterofSaddamHussein,Iraq—maintain

ambitionstogainnuclearweapons.Amuchlargernumberofcountrieshavepursued

nuclearweaponsprogramsinthepastbuthavebeenpersuadedtoabandonthem.[C5]

Inordertodecreasethediscriminatorynatureoftheagreement,thenations

possessingnuclearweaponsareobligatedtoassistothernationsinthepeaceful

applicationsofnuclearenergy.And,mostimportantofall,theNuclearWeaponsStates

haveagreedtoreducetheroleofnuclearweaponsininternationalrelationsandtowork

ingoodfaithtowardtheirelimination.Itisinrespecttothislatterobligationthatthe

UnitedStateshasbeenmostdeficient.Infact,thecurrentBushadministration'srecent

NuclearPostureReviewprojectsanindefiniteneedformanythousandsofnuclear

weapons,andevensearchesfornewmissionsforthem[AJThcrefore,thepreventionof

nuclearcatastrophecausedbyterroristshastorelyeitheroninterdictingtheexplosive

materialsthatareessentialtomakingnuclearweapons(highlyenricheduraniumand

plutonium,inparticular)oronpreventingthehostiledeliveryofsuchweapons.[B]The

riskofproliferationofnuclearweaponsamongcountrieshasbeenlimitedinthepastby

theNuclearNon-ProliferationTreaty(NPT),signedin1968.Thetreatyrecognizesfive

countriesas"NuclearWeaponsStates,"andthreeothercountriesnotpartytothetreaty

aredefactopossessorsofnuclearwea