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考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷44
一、閱讀(常規閱讀理解)(本題共25題,每題7.0
分,共25分。)
HighDiveCherylSternsaimstogoboldlywherenohumanhasevergonebeforeina
balloon:40kilometersupintotheatmosphere.41Noonehaseverleaptfromsucha
heightorgonesupersonicwithoutanairplaneoraspacecraft.YetSterns,anairlinepilot,
isnottheonlypersonwhowantstobethefirsttoaccomplishthosefeats.Twoother
bravepeople,anAustralianmanandaFrenchman,arealsoplanningtomakesimilar
leaps.42First,she'llclimbintoacabinhangingfromaballoonthesizeofafootball
field.Thenballoonwilltakeherhighintothestratosphere-thelayerofEarth's
atmosphere12to50kilometersabovetheplanet."Theascentwilltaketwoandahalfto
threehours,"saidSterns."I'llbewearingafullypressurized,temperature-controlled
spacesuit.'*At40kilometers,SternswillbeabletoseethegentlecurveofEarthandthe
blacknessofspaceoverhead.Thenshe'llunclipherselffromthecabinanddiveheadfirst,
likeabullet,intotheatmosphere.43Forhighdive,astronautescapesuitsareakeyto
success.Currentpilotandastronautescapesuiteareguaranteedonlyamaximumaltitude
of21kilometers.DelRosso,aNASAengineerofspacesuitsandlife-supportsystems,
saidthesuitdesignedforStem'sjumpcouldserveasamodelforthelethalenvironn'ent
ofhigherclimbs.44Thefirsthazardisoxygcn-dcficicntair.Anypersonwithoutan
additionaloxygensupplyat40kilometerswoulddiewithinthreetofiveseconds.The
secondhazardislowatmosphericpressure.Atmosphericpressureismuchlowerathigh
altitudesthanitisatsealevel.Thelowatmosphericpressureoftheupperstratosphere
causesthegasesinbodyfluidstofizzoutofsolutionlikesodabubbles.45Otherhazards
includetemperaturesaslowas55degreesCelsius,flyingdebris,andsolarradiation.For
Sternstosurvive,herspacesuitwillhavetoprotectherfromallofthesehazards.*'A
spacesuitislikeaone-personspaceship,"DelRossoexplained."Youhavetotake
everythingyouneedinapackagethat'slightenough,mobileenough,andtoughenough
todothejob.Youcan'texistwithoutit."A.Itwillhandleseveralmajorhazards.B.
Escapesuitsaretoughenoughtostandtheatmosphericpressureoftheupper
stratosphere.C.Fromthere,she'lltakeadeath-defyingleapbacktoEarthatsupersonic
speed.D."In30seconds,I'llbegoingMach(馬赫)speed,"saidSterns.E.Howwill
Sternsmakehergiantjump?F.Inshort,bloodboils.
1、
標準答案;C
知識點解析:選項C是承上啟下的句子。上一句說的是,氣球將Stems帶到同溫
層。下一句說的足,沒有人嘗試過不坐飛機或不坐宇宙飛船從同溫層往下跳。有了
C這個句子,意思就連貫了。
2、
標準答案:E
知識點解析:“空42”應該是個引導句,應該包含采取行動這類概括詞,因為隨后
的句子是,第一步做什么,第二步做什么,等等。選項E是符合這個要求的。
3、
標準答案:D
知識點解析:選項D表達的是跳出氣球后下滑的速度,與前一句的意思是連貫
的。
4、
標準答案:A
知識點解析:“空44”后面的句子列舉了許多hazards。據此推論,“空44”的句子應
該是引導句或概括句。選項A中有severalmajorhazards這幾個概括詞,與后面列
舉的各種hazards相呼應。
5、
標準答案:F
知識點解析:選項F中,用了inshorK簡而言之),是總結前面陳述的內容;blood
boils說明“空45”前面句子的內容與blood有關。事實上,“空45”前面的句子說的
是,在低大氣壓的情況卜溶在人體液體中的氣體會逸出,就像蘇打水冒泡泡一
樣。選項F形象地總結了上述句子的內容。
VirtualDriverDrivinginvolvessharpeyesandkeenears,analyzingwithabrain,and
coordinationbetweenhands,feetandbrain.Amanhassharpeyesandkeenears,
analyzesthroughhisbrain,andmaintainscoordinationbetweenhishandsandbrains.He
cancontrolafast-movingcarwithdifferentpartsofhisbody.41Apparentlythereisn't
anyoneinthedriver'scab,butthereisinfactavirtualdriver.Thisvirtualdriverhaseyes,
brains,handsandfeettoo.Themincemeatsoneachsideofthecararcitseyesandarc
responsibleforobservingtheroadconditionsaheadofitaswellasthetraffictoitsleft
andright.Ifyouopentheboot,youcanseethemostimportantpartoftheautomatic
drivingsystem:abuilt-incomputer.42Thebrainisresponsibleforcalculatingthespeeds
objectssurroundingthecararemovingat,analyzingtheirpositionontheroad,choosing
therightpath,andgivingorderstothewheelandthecontrolsystem.Incomparisonwith
thehumanbrain,thevirtualdriver'sbestadvantageisthatitreactsquickly.43However,
ittakestheworld'sbestracecardriveratleastonesecondtoreact,andthisdoesn'tinclude
thetimeheneedstotakeaction.Withitsrapidreactionandaccuratecontrol,thevirtual
drivercanreducetheaccidentrateonexpresswaysconsiderably.Inthiscase,isit
possibleforustoletithavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplace?44Withitslimited
abilitytorecognizethings,thecarcannowonlytravelonexpressways.Theintelligent
cardeterminesitsdirectionbytheclearlinesthatmarkthelanesclearlyandrecognizes
vehiclesaccordingtotheirregularshapes.45Thisbeingthecase,peoplestillhavehigh
hopesaboutdriverlesscars,andthinkhighlyintelligentcarsarewhatthecarsofthe
futureshouldbelike.A.Expertssaythatwccannotdothatjustyet.B.Inthenearfuture,
intelligentcarswillbeputintocommercialoperation.C.Thisisthebrainofthecar.D.
Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself?E.Itcompletestheprocessingofthe
imagessentbythecameraswithin100milliseconds.F.However,itcannotrecognize
movingpeopleandbicyclesonordinaryroadsthathavenoclearmarkingsonthem.
6^
標準答案:D
知識點解析:“空41”前面三個句子講的是真人駕駛員駕駛汽車時腦、眼、耳、
手、腳并用,而且要協調配合。“空41”之后話題轉入虛擬駕駛員。“空41”之后的
Apparentlythereisn'tanyoneinthedriver'scab.似乎來得有些突然,
與前面句子接得很生硬。所以,中間應該有個過渡句。選項D就是連接上下文的
過渡句。
7、
標準答案:C
知識點露析:“空42”前面一句說,如果你打開車身后部的行李箱,你就能看到自
動駕駛系統的最重要的部件,嵌入式電腦。“空42”后的句子中的thebrainofthecar
自然是指前句的builtincomputer,但接得太突然。選項C的“Thisisthebrainofthe
car”就把前后句子聯系起來了。山is指代上一句的built—incomputero后面句子的
Thebrainofthecar是重復選項C中的thebrainoftheCar,顯得很自然。所以,C
是答案C
8、
標準答案:E
知識點解析:“空43”前面一句說,虛擬駕駛員最大的優點是反應快。“空43”后面
一句說,最好的賽車手至少要1秒鐘才能作出反應。“至少要1秒鐘”已經暗示,虛
擬駕駛員反應速度要比真人駕駛員快。選項E說,虛擬駕駛員只需100毫秒就能
作出反應。選項E使上下文的意思完整,因此是答案。
9、
標準答案:A
知識點解析:“空44”前面是一個問句,即“在這種情況下,是不是可以不分時間、
不分地點都讓虛擬駕駛員駕駛汽車?'“空44”的句子應該回答這個問題:“讓還是不
讓?”選項A回答了這個訶題,因此是答案。
10、
標準答案:F
知識點解析:“空45”前面一句說,“TheintelligentCardeterminesitsdirectionbythe
clearlinesthatmarkthelanesclearlyandrecognizesvehiclesaccordingtotheirregular
shapes.”(智能汽車按清晰標出的軍.道線決定自己的行車方向,靠車輛的常規形狀
識別其他車輛。)選項F的內容正好相反。上一句說“recognizes”,還有“markthe
lanesclearly”,而F說"cannotrecognize",又說“noclearmarkings”。從意思表達和
詞匯重復上,都能判斷出,F的句子應該出現在“空45”的位置上。
標準答案:E
知識點解析:同上面第三題的解釋一樣,選項E的句子中出現特指的thecellos,
與上一句的cello相呼應,該句說明科學家為什么要選擇大提琴作為音樂訓練的樂
器,上下文意思連貫,所以E是答案。
15、
標準答案:D
知識點解析:最后一段介紹音樂訓練的方法和結果,以及對學習的關聯和影響。選
項D表達的意思是音樂訓練的結果和對學習上有障礙的兒童所產生的正面影響,
意思與其前后兩句的意思完全配合,是答案。
SleepingGiantRightnow,aneruptionisbrewinginYellowstoneNationalPark.
Sometimeduringthenexttwohours,themostfamousgeyser.OldFaithful,willbegin
gurglingboilingwaterandsteam.41OldFaithfulisnotonlyaspectacularsight)it'salso
aconstantremainderthatYellowstonesitsononeofthelargestvolcanoesintheworld.If
you'veneverheardofYellowstone'svolcano,you'renotalone.42Yetithaseruptedthree
timesduringthelast2millionyears.Andoneofthoseeruptionsspewedenoughvolcanic
ashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnitedStates.Yellowstone'svolcanois
sometimescalleda"supcrvolcano",orextremelylargeandexplosivecalderavolcano.43
thissupervolcanoformedoverahotspot,anextremelyhotareainEarth'smantle.John
Valley,avolcanoprofessors,saidthatasthecrustmovesacrossahotspot,thehotspot
meltsasectionoftheplatemovingoverit,forming"onevolcanoafteranother".The
Yellowstonehotspotmeltsthickcontinentalcrust,whichmaycausecatastrophic
eruptions.Accordingtoexpertstheeruptionsthatcreatedeachofthethreecalderasin
andaroundYellowstoneNationalParkwerelargerthananyothervolcaniceruptionin
recordedhistory.Themostrecenteruption,whichhappened640,000yearsago,
producedatleast1,000cubickilometersofashanddebris,whichblanketedmostofthe
westernhalfoftheUnitedStates.44GeologicalevidenceshowsYellowstonehasblown
itsstackevery700,000yearsorso."Ifnatureweretrulythatregularandreliable,we
wouldbedueforanothereruptionsoon,"saidValley.'However,theseprocessesare
subjecttovariability,sowedon'treallyknowwhenthenexteruptionwillhappen."45It
isthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsand
canyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowstone'sdiverse
wildlife.A.ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalPark.B.
ThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethat
amountofashanddebris.C.Thevolcanoissoinconspicuous(不顯眼的)thatfew
peopleknowitexists.D.Then,anenormousfountainwillshoothighintotheair.E.
WhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktothepublic,they
alsomakeitauniquetreasure.F.YellowstoneNationalParkattractstheinterestof
geologiststheworldover.
16、
標準答案:D
知識點解析:第一段第二句說,在隨后的兩個小時的某一時刻,間歇泉會涌出沸水
和蒸汽。后續句應該是選項Doboilingwater變成fountain,shoothighintotheair。
17、
標準答案:C
知識點解析:第二段第二句說,如果你不知道黃石公園的下面是火山,沒有關系,
很多人都不知道。為什么會如此呢?C道出了原因。所以,C是答案。
18、
標準答案:A
知識點解析:第三段第一句說黃石公園的火山extremelylarge,所以有時候被稱為
supervolcanoo選項A的句子具體說明這個supervolcano大到什么程度,所以是答
案。
19、
標準答案:B
知識點解析:在選項B的more由andoublethatamountofashanddebris這個短語
中,有關鍵詞doublethatamount,說明前面句子一定有一個數字。檢查后,發現這
個數字是“1,000cubickilometersofashanddebris”,可以斷定,選項B的句子就是
要放回原位的句子。
20、
標準答案:E
知識點解析:“空45”所在段的前面兩段介紹了黃石公園火山以前噴發時的可怕情
景。“空45”所在段敘述火山能量帶來的好處。這是兩種情景截然相反的描寫,中
間很可能有一個過渡句,把它們連接起來。選項E就是過渡句,應該是本題的答
案。
RoboticHighwayConesAUniversityofNebraskaprofessorhasdevelopedroboticcones
andbarrels.41Theycanevenbeprogrammedtomoveontheirownatany
particularpartoftheday,saidshaneFarritor,anassistantprofessorofmechanical
engineeringatNebraska.Forexample,ifworkersarrivedat6a.m,theconescouldmove
fromthesideofthehighwaytoblockoffthelaneatthattime.42"Itjustseemslikea
verygoodapplicationforrobots,*'Farritorsaid."Theroboticconeswouldalsohelp
removeremovepeoplefromhazardousjobsonthehighwayputtingbarrelsandcones
intoplace,"Farritorsaidinareportonhiscreation.43Thisfundallowed
FarritortoworkontheprojectwithgraduatestudentsatNebraskaandhisassistantSteve
Goddard.Therobotsareplacedatthebottomoftheconsandbarrelsandaresmall
enoughnottogreatlychangetheappearanceoftheconstructionaides."Itwouldlook
exactlytesame,*'Farritorsaid."Normallythere'sakindofrubbery,blackbasetothem.
44"FarritorhastalkedwithofficialsfromtheNebraskaDepartmentofRoadsabouthow
therobotswouldbemostusefultowhattheymightneed.Therobotscouldcomein
handyfollowingaslow-movingmaintenanceoperation,likepaintingastripeonaroador
movingasphalt,wherenowthebarrelshavetbepickedupandmovedastheoperation
proceeds."Thatwayyoudon'thavetoblockoffa10-niilestripfortheoperation.n
Farritorsaid.Whileprototypeshavebeenmade,theyarenotinuseanywhere.Farritor
saidhehasappliedforapatentandisconsideringwhattodonest.45Heisals
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