第1頁/共1頁2025北京八十中高一4月月考英語2025年4月(考試時間60分鐘滿分100分)提示：試卷答案請一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。在答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色簽字筆作答。第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)：完形填空(共10小題；每小題2分，共20分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Lastsummer,onherwaytoworkinMinneapolis,KatieStellerstoppedatatrafficlight,whereamanwassittingwithasignaskingforhelp.She___1___downherwindow,shouting,“Doyouwanta___2___haircutrightnow?”Gettingayes,shepulledofftheroad,tookaredchairfromhercar,andhelpedthemancuthishair.AfterStellerwas___3___,themanlookedinamirror.“Ilookgood!”helaughed.Todate,Stellerhasgivensuchhaircutstopeoplealllivingonthemargins(邊緣)aroundthecity,andsheiskeenlyawareofthe___4___ofhercleanupjob.AhaircutchangedSteller’slife:Asateen,withaseveredisease,herhairgotthinned.So,hermotherarrangedforSteller’sfirstprofessionalhaircut,whereshefelt___5___whentalkedtolikeaperson.Afterthat,Stellerknewhowtohelppeoplefeelthewayshe’dfeltthatday.“Iwantittobeagateway,toshow___6___,butalsotogettoknowpeople.”In2009,shebeganRedChairProject,___7___outtopeopleonthestreets.WhatbreaksSteller’sheartisjusthowlonelypeoplelook,soshelistenstotheirstoriesoflossandstruggletogetbackontheirfeet.Theattention___8___works.Anditallbeganwitha___9___insimpleactsofkindness,suchasafreehaircut.“Thewayyoushowupintheworldmatters,”saysSteller,“Ican’tfixpeople’sproblems,butmaybeIcanhelpthemfeelless___10___foramoment.”1.A.pulled B.turned C.rolled D.knocked2.A.quick B.free C.unique D.fancy3.A.done B.gone C.spotted D.left4.A.risk B.power C.reward D.function5.A.leftbehind B.calmeddown C.takenaway D.caredabout6.A.faith B.trust C.respect D.interest7.A.sending B.speaking C.pointing D.reaching8.A.hardly B.merely C.apparently D.accidentally9.A.belief B.pride C.lesson D.harmony10.A.guilty B.alone C.depressed D.dissatisfied第二節(jié)：語法填空(共10小題；每題2分，共20分)在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)膯卧~：在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。11.Twentyminers_________(trap)underground,butsoontheywererescued.(所給詞的適當形式填空)12.Weshouldtake_________(measure)toprotectendangeredanimals.(所給詞的適當形式填空)13.Uptonowlotsoftests________(prove)thatthesystemworks.(所給詞的適當形式填空)14.Thereason_________hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdaywasthathewasill.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)15.Istillliveintheplace_________Iwasborn.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)16._________(judge)fromwhathesaid,hewasverydisappointed.(所給詞的適當形式填空)17.Thereisnouse_________(protest).Iwillnotchangemymind.(所給詞的適當形式填空)18.Theonlything______wecandoistogivehimsomemoney.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)19.Hewonthefirstprize,_________wasunexpected.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)20.Stevenisadesigner________workshavewoninternationalpraise.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)(共10小題；每小題3分，共30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AManypeoplewanttotravelaroundtheworldandenjoynewcultures,especiallythedifferentfestivals.Therearefestivalsgoingonsomewhereintheworldeverydayoftheyear.Theserangefromverylargeeventswhichinvolvewholecitiestolocalcelebrationsintinyvillagesorneighborhoodsoftownsorcities.Wehaveselectedafewofthemoreunusual,colorfulfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.Youcanchooseanyoneyoulikebest!TheMillionRinggitCharityDuckRace:KualaLumpur,MalaysiaThirteenyearsago,EricSchechterandhisfriendswerebrainstormingtofindnewwaysofraisingmoneyforlocalcharitieswhentheycameupwiththeideaofrubberduckraces.Theevent,crazyasitmaysound,involvesracing"cool"rubberducksdownalocalwaterwayandhavingmembersofthecommunity"adopt"theducksforachancetowinvaluabledonatedprizes,possiblyeven$1millionbucks.LaTomatina:Bunol,Spain"ThetomatobattleisinhonorofSaintLuisBeltran,thepatronsaintofBunol.Residentsandvisitorstakepartinatomato-throwingbattlethatdecimatesmorethan88,000poundsoftomatoes.ThiscrazyeventbeganwithaseriousaimasasymbolicprotestagainstFranco.ButtheTomatinaisnowcelebratedasanamusingwaytoendthesummer."MightyMudMania:Scottsdale,Arizona,USA"Children'sdreamsreallydocometrueintheCityofScottsdale.Childrenaged1to13,gettoparticipateinamudracetoendallmudraces.DuringtherunningoftheMightyMudObstacle(泥坑)course,severalmudpitsstrategicallyplaced,providewetandreallydirtyobstaclesaskidscompeteforthefastesttimeineachheat.Therearealsomudpuddlepoolsforthetinytots,andaminimudcourseforthosesixandyounger.Inaddition,MightyMudwayfeatureswaterandmudgames.Therearealsowaterslides,sandcastlebuildingsandfunforallages.Momsanddads,remembertosendyourkidsoutwitholdclothesandshoes.Andhavenofear,RuralMetroFireDepartmentisonhandtoofferplentyofwaterforthemuddychildren."CanberraSledDogClassic:Canberra,AustralianCapitalTerritory,AustraliaDogsleddingisoneofthefastestgrowingsportsontheeastcoastofAustralia.Asthere'snosnow(thetrailisearthandsandandissmoothandwidewithafewhillsandturns),thesledshavewheelsinsteadofrunners,buttheexcitementisthesame.21.Whichofthefollowingmeansthesummerisover?A.MightyMudMania. B.LaTomatina.C.CanberraSledDogClassic. D.TheMillionRinggitCharityDuckRace.22.Whatcanyouenjoyinallthefourfestivalsmentioned?A.Fantasticactivities. B.Beautifulbeaches.C.Deliciousfood. D.Amazingsceneries.23.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.sharepersonalexperiences B.compareculturesindifferentcountriesC.introducefavorablefestivals D.offerpracticaltipsonchoosingactivitiesBWhenKirkAlexanderwentmissingfor11days,anunlikelysaviorcametohisrescue:hisneighborhoodpizzastore.Almosteverynightformorethantenyears,KirkAlexander,48,ofSalem,OregonorderedalatedinnerfromhislocalDomino’spizzastore.Hehadnosignatureorder.Sometimeshewouldcallforasalad,sometimesapie,sometimeschickenwings.TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino’swasthattheywouldseeAlexander’snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.Untilsuddenly,fornearlytwoweeksattheendofApril2016,theydidn’t.ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino’sgeneralmanagerSarahFullerfeltshecouldnolongerignoreAlexander’srecentabsence.“Iwentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered,”FullertoldKATU.com.“Itwas11days,whichwasnotlikehimatall.”FullerknewAlexanderworkedfromhome,andneighborssaidherarelyleft.Shealsoknewthathehadsufferedsomehealthissuesinthepast.Something,Fullerworried,waswrong.Around1a.m.onSunday,May8,FullersentlongtimedeliverydriverTraceyHamblentostopinatAlexander’shome.HamblenapproachedAlexander’sdoorashehadcountlesstimesbeforeandknocked.HecouldplainlyseethatAlexander’sTVsetwason,aswerehislights;butafterseveralminutes,Alexanderstilldidn’tanswerthedoor.HamblenrushedbacktothestoretorelaytheupsettingdevelopmentstoFuller.SheencouragedHamblentodial911.Soon,officerswereontheirway.WhendeputiesfromtheMarionCountySheriff’sofficearrivedatAlexander’shouse,theyheardamancallingforhelpfrominsidetheresidence,deputiessaid.Theybrokethedoordown,andfoundAlexanderonthefloorinneedofimmediatemedicalattention.Onedaylater,andtheymighthavebeentoolate.AlexanderwasrushedtoSalemHospital,wherehewaslistedinstableconditionshortlyafterthedramaticrescue.Inthefollowingweeks,Fuller,Hamblen,andotherstoreemployeeswenttovisithimwithflowersandcards,notingthatAlexandergreetedthemwithknowingsmiles.24.HowdidFullersensethatsomethingwaswrong?A.SheknewAlexanderhadserioushealthproblems.B.Alexanderhadn’torderedchickenwingsfornearly2weeks.C.Alexanderhadneverbeforebrokenhisroutineinthestorefor10years.D.Alexanderhaddisappearedfromthestore’sorderingsystemforabout2weeks.25.Whatcanyouinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.HamblenwasfondofknockingatAlexander’sdoor.B.HamblenwasmorethananacquaintancetoAlexander.C.EverytimeHamblenarrivedatAlexander’shouse,hewouldknockfirst.D.WhenHamblenhadenoughtimeinthepast,hewouldgotoAlexander’shouse.26.Thesayingwecanlearnfromthestoryis________.A.BetterlatethanneverB.Bornindistress,dieinpeaceC.DetailsdeterminesuccessorfailureD.EventhewisearenotalwaysfreefromerrorCThehumanbrainissensitivetoshortage.Thesenseofnothavingenoughofwhatweneedmakesitharderforustofocusandplan.Inrecentwork,however,wefoundthatpeoplereacttowatershortageverydifferentlythantheydotoothershortages.Asaspeciesthatisheavilydependentonwater,weseemtobewiredtoplanforit.Thelossofwaterpromptsageneralmindsetofthriftandlong-termthinking.Thisdiscoverycouldhaveimportantimplicationsforhumankind'sresponsetoclimatechange.Weexploredpeople’sthinkingaboutwaterinseveralways.Inoneexperiment,webrought2k1collegestudentstothelabandaskedsomeofthemtoreadanarticleweprovided.Somereceivedanarticlethatwasdesperateintone.Itdetailedpredictionsoftheworst“watershortagein1,200years.”O(jiān)thersreadamorepositivearticlethatdescribedhowclimatechangemeansmorerainandthereforeenoughwater.Therestofthestudentscompletedthestudywithoutreadinganarticle.Wethenaskedthestudentshowimportantitwastosaveresourcesandthinkaboutthelongterra.Inasurvey,participantswhoreadaboutaseriousshortageagreedmorewithstatementssuchas“Peopleshouldliveforthefuture.”Incontrast,peoplewhoreadaboutafuturewatersurpluswerepushedintheoppositedirection.Comparedwiththosewhohadansweredthequestionswithoutreadingaboutclimatechangeatall,theyweremorelikelytosupportlivingforthepresentandcarelessaboutsavingmoneyandotherresources.Inthefollow-upstudy,welookedforplaceswherecommunitieshaveexperiencedrealwatershortageforgenerations.WefoundtwogeographicallyclosecitiesinIran-ShirazandYazd—thathavesimilareconomiesandthesamemajorityreligion,andlanguagebutsharplydifferentamountsofwater.Shirazreceivesenoughrainfalltosupportvineyardsthatproduceitsworld-famouswine.NearbyYazdisbone-dry.Wegavepsychologicalteststo331peopleinShirazandYazdtomeasurehowmuchindividualsprioritizethefuture.Sureenough,peopleinYazdthoughtthatplanningforthefuturewasmoreimportantthantheseinShirazdid.Acrossstudies,ourfindingssuggestthatwaterhasameaningfulplaceinourthinking—onethatisdistinctfromotherimportantresources,includingwealth.Thereisevidenceofevolutionarywiringforwaterinoursenseofsmell.Humansarebetteratdetectingthescentoffreshrainfallthansharksareatdetectingblood.Thatsensitivitymightbecrucialgoingforward.Climatechangeismakingdroughtsmorecommon.Ourworksuggeststhatasmanyplacesdryup,globalwarmingcouldreshapehowpeoplethinkpushingentirecommunitiestowardmorecautiousfuture-orientedbehavior.Thatmayofferasliverofhopeinthemiddleofthethreatofclimatechange.27.Whatwasthepurposeoftheexperimentconductedwithcollegestudentsinthelab?A.Toanalyzetheirreactiontoclimatechangepredictions.B.Tomeasuretheircurrentlevelsofresourceconservation.C.Toobservetheirpsychologicalresponsetowaterscarcityarticles.D.Tocomparetheirviewsonlong-termplanningwiththosewhodidn’treadaboutclimatechange.28.What’sthepossiblereasonthattheresearcherschoseShirazandYazdasthesubjectsoftheirstudy?A.Theyareneighboringcitieswithsimilardemographicsbutcontrastingwateravailability.B.Theyhavebeenhistoricallysignificantinwatermanagementpractices.C.Theyarefamousfortheirculturalsignificanceinrelationtowaterconservation.D.Theyhavedifferentclimates,makingthemidealforstudyingenvironmentaladaptation.29.Whydoestheauthorcomparehumanswithsharksinparagraph6?A.Tohighlightthesimilaritiesbetweenhumanandsharkbehaviorinresponsetoresourcescarcity.B.Tosupporttheargumentthathumans’sensitivitytowaterscarcityisrootedinevolutionaryfactors.C.Toemphasizehumans’superiorabilitytodetectwater-relatedsignalscomparedtootherspecies.D.Toillustratetheevolutionarydifferencesinsensitivitytoenvironmentalcuesbetweenhumansandsharks.30.Accordingtothearticle,what’sthesignificanceofthestudy?A.Itshowsthatpeople’sawarenessofclimatechangecanbeprompted.B.Itsuggeststhatwatershortagemayurgehumanstoliveinthemoment.C.Itconfirmsthatpeoplereactsimilarlytoalltypesofresourceshortages.D.Ithighlightstheimportanceofimmediateactionstoaddresswatershortage.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____31____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____32____Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.____33____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.____34____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____35____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.第三部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié)，20分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在答題卡相應題號后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對該問題的回答。(共4小題；第40至41題每小題3分，第42題6分，第43題8分，共20分)You’velikelybeenunabletoavoidtalkofthemetaverse(元宇宙)inthepastfewyears.Theterm,firstcoinedbysci-fiauthorNealStephensonina1992novel,hasbecomeavisionofthefutureoftechnologyinourlives.Andifthehype(宣傳)istobebelieved,it’swherewe’llbelivingtherestofourdigitallives.“Themetaverseintegratesourphysicalanddigitallives,”saysCathyHacklofFuturesIntelligenceGroup:Putplainly,themetaverseisa3Dvirtualspacethatcanbeaccessedthroughvirtualrealityglasses,addingelementsofthedigitalontopofourday-to-daylives.Youcouldattendconcertsandconferencesinthemetaverse,stagedina3Ddigitalrepresentationofanightcluborconferencecenter.Elsewhere,you'llshopforshoesinavirtualstoreororderfoodinavirtualMcDonald’sandhaveitdeliveredtoyourreal-worldhome.BuildingmetaversetechnologyisconsideredtobethenextstepintheadvanceoftheInternetafterearly21st-cemturydevelopmentssuchassmartphoneapplicationsandsocialmedia.“It’sthefutureoftheinternet.Butit’salsoaboutfurtherconnectivity,”saysHackl.Somebelieveit’sadigitalplaygroundforfriends.Othersthinkithasthepotentialtobethebiggestcommercialspaceforcompaniesandcustomers.Bothinterpretationsarecorrect.In2023,McKinseypublishedValueCreationintheMetaverse,anewreportbasedonsurveysofmorethan3,400consumers,aswellasinterviewswith13seniorleadersandmetaverseexperts.Basedonthisanalysis,webelievethemetaverseisbestcharacterizedasanevolution(進化)oftoday’sinternet—somethingwearedeeplyabsorbedin,ratherthansomethingweprimarilylookat.36.Wheredidtheword“metaverse”comefrom?_______________________________________________________________________________37.Howcanweaccesstothemetaverse?_______________________________________________________________________________38.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.BasedonMcKinsey’sreport,themetaversecanberegardedasanevolutionbecauseitenablesustolookatwhattheinternetpresentstous._______________________________________________________________________________39.Howdoyoulikethemetaverse?Giveyourreasons.(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)：完形填空(共10小題；每小題2分，共20分)【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.C7.D8.C9.A10.B【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述KatieSteller在街上為生活在城市邊緣的人提供免費理發(fā)服務(wù)，希望通過簡單的善舉讓這些人感受到溫暖和關(guān)懷。【1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她搖下車窗，喊道：“你現(xiàn)在想免費理發(fā)嗎？”A.pulled拉；B.turned翻轉(zhuǎn)；C.rolled搖擺，滾動；D.knocked敲。結(jié)合下文“shepulledofftheroad(她把車停在路邊)”可知，Steller在車里，故此處指“搖下車窗”，rolldown“搖開，旋開”，故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.quick快速的；B.free免費的；C.unique獨特的；D.fancy精致的。根據(jù)最后一段中“afreehaircut”可知，Steller提供免費理發(fā)，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Steller完成后，那人照鏡子。A.done做，結(jié)束；B.gone去；C.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.left離開。上文“helpedthemancuthishair”提到Steller給那個男人理發(fā)，結(jié)合下文“themanlookedinamirror.‘Ilookgood!’”可知，應是理發(fā)結(jié)束，那個男人照鏡子說好看，故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：迄今為止，Steller已經(jīng)為生活在城市邊緣的人們做過這樣的理發(fā)，她敏銳地意識到自己理發(fā)工作的力量。A.risk風險；B.power力量；C.reward回報；D.function功能。根據(jù)下文“Afterthat,Stellerknewhowtohelppeoplefeelthewayshe’dfeltthatday.(在那之后，Steller知道如何幫助人們體會她那天的感受)”可知，她通過理發(fā)讓人們感覺到被平等對待，故她意識到自己所做的工作有很大的力量，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：所以，她的母親為Steller安排了第一次專業(yè)的發(fā)型，在那里，當她像一個人一樣被對待時，她感覺到了被關(guān)心。A.leftbehind留下；B.calmeddown冷靜下來；C.takenaway拿走；D.caredabout關(guān)心。根據(jù)上文“withaseveredisease,herhairgotthinned(她得了一場重病，頭發(fā)變得稀疏了)”以及“whentalkedtolikeaperson”可知，她被平等對待，故是感受到了被關(guān)心，故選D。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想讓它成為一扇大門，以示尊重，同時也能了解別人。A.faith信念；B.trust信任；C.respect尊重；D.interest興趣。根據(jù)上文“whentalkedtolikeaperson”可知，生病的Steller被平等對待，故此處指展示尊重，故選C。【7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：2009年，她開始了RedChair項目，向街上的人們伸出援手。A.sending發(fā)送，派遣；B.speaking說話；C.pointing指向；D.reaching到達。結(jié)合上文講Steller幫助街上乞討的人免費理發(fā)可知，此處指“向街上的人們伸出援手”，reachoutto“向（某人）提供幫助或支持”，故選D。【8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這種關(guān)注顯然起作用了。A.hardly幾乎不；B.merely僅僅；C.apparently顯然地，明顯地；D.accidentally偶爾，偶然地。根據(jù)下文“maybeIcanhelpthemfeelless___10___foramoment”可知，她的傾聽很明顯起到了作用，故選C。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一切都始于對簡單善舉的相信，比如免費理發(fā)。A.belief信念，相信；B.pride自豪；C.lesson功課，教訓；D.harmony和諧。根據(jù)空后“insimpleactsofkindness,suchasafreehaircut”和下文“Ican’tfixpeople’sproblems,butmaybeIcanhelpthem…”可知，她相信善舉的力量，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“你在這個世界上的表現(xiàn)方式很重要，”Steller說，“我不能解決人們的問題，但也許我可以幫助他們暫時不那么孤獨。”A.guilty內(nèi)疚的；B.alone孤獨的；C.depressed沮喪的；D.dissatisfied不滿意的。根據(jù)上文“WhatbreaksSteller’sheartisjusthowlonelypeoplelook”可知，Steller通過傾聽讓人們暫時感到?jīng)]那么孤獨，故選B。第二節(jié)：語法填空(共10小題；每題2分，共20分)在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當?shù)膯卧~：在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。11.【答案】weretrapped【詳解】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：20名礦工被困在地下，但很快他們就獲救了。主語miners和trap是被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合were可知此處使用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語表示復數(shù)意義，be動詞使用were，故填weretrapped。12.【答案】measures【詳解】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：我們應該采取措施保護瀕危動物。measure是可數(shù)名詞，前面無限定詞，應用復數(shù)形式表示泛指，故填measures。13.【答案】haveproved【詳解】考查時態(tài)、主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，大量的測試已經(jīng)證明該系統(tǒng)是有效的。根據(jù)Uptonow可知，prove“證明”這一動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，句子應用現(xiàn)在完成時，又因主語lotsoftests是復數(shù)，所以助動詞用have。故填haveproved。14.【答案】why【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他昨天沒去上學的原因是他病了。空處引導定語從句，先行詞是reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語，應用關(guān)系副詞why引導。故填why。15.【答案】where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我仍然住在我出生的地方?？仗幰龑ФㄕZ從句，先行詞是place，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用關(guān)系副詞where引導，故填where。16.【答案】Judging【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：從他說的話來看，他很失望。judgingfrom“根據(jù)……判斷”，常用作獨立成分，作狀語，首字母應大寫，故填Judging。17.【答案】protesting【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：抗議沒有用。我不會改變主意的。Thereisnousedoingsth“做某事沒有用”，固定句型，故填protesting。18.【答案】that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們唯一能做的就是給他一些錢?？崭裉幰龑ФㄕZ從句，先行詞

thing在從句中作賓語，前面有Theonly修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導。故填that。19.【答案】which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他獲得了第一名，這是出乎意料的?？仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，先行詞是前面的主句內(nèi)容，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應用關(guān)系代詞which引導，故填which。20.【答案】whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：史蒂文是一位設(shè)計師，他的作品贏得了國際贊譽。分析可知，空格處引導定語從句，先行詞是designer，在從句中作定語，designer和works之間是所屬關(guān)系，空格處用whose引導定語從句。故填whose。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)(共10小題；每小題3分，共30分)【答案】21.B22.A23.C【分析】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界上精彩絕倫，又非比尋常的四個節(jié)日。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LaTomatina:Bunol,Spain這一小標題下最后一句ButtheTomatinaisnowcelebratedasanamusingwaytoendthesummer.（但是Tomatina現(xiàn)在被當作一種結(jié)束夏天的有趣方式來慶祝。）可知，現(xiàn)在Tomatina已經(jīng)作為慶祝結(jié)束夏天結(jié)束的一種有趣方式了。這里的endthesummer和題干中summerisover進行了替換。故此題選B。【22題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章EricSchechterandhisfriendswerebrainstormingtofindnewwaysofraisingmoneyforlocalcharitieswhentheycameupwiththeideaofrubberduckraces.可知，第一個節(jié)日有橡膠鴨子賽跑活動。根據(jù)文章ThetomatobattleisinhonorofSaintLuisBeltran可知，第二個節(jié)日有番茄大戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)文章DuringtherunningoftheMightyMudObstacle(泥坑)course可知，第三個節(jié)日有泥漿賽跑。根據(jù)文章DogsleddingisoneofthefastestgrowingsportsontheeastcoastofAustralia.可知第四個節(jié)日有狗拉雪橇活動。所以四個節(jié)日的共同特點就是有精彩的活動。故此題選A。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一自然段Wehaveselectedafewofthemoreunusual,colorfulfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.Youcanchooseanyoneyoulikebest!（我們從世界各地挑選了一些更不尋常、更豐富多彩的節(jié)日。你可以選擇你最喜歡的節(jié)日!）是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知作者寫這篇文章的目的就是介紹一些精彩絕倫，又非比尋常的節(jié)日。故此題選C。【答案】24.D25.B26.C【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。主要講述了細心周到的外賣店經(jīng)理通過觀察到?？蚄irkAlexander打破了每天訂餐的習慣，派人上門了解情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)Kirk患病在家，及時報警，從而救了Kirk性命的經(jīng)過?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino’swasthattheywouldseeAlexander’snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.(對于SilvertonRoadDomino的員工來說，唯一可以肯定的是，他們每周會在晚上11點到午夜的某個時候看到Alexander的名字出現(xiàn)在他們的在線訂購網(wǎng)站上好幾次)”和第五段““Iwentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered,”FullertoldKATU.com.“Itwas11days,whichwasnotlikehimatall.”(Fuller告訴KATU.com：“我抬頭看了看，他上次點單是多久以前的事，發(fā)現(xiàn)是11天前的事了，這完全不是他的風格?！?”可知，F(xiàn)uller通過發(fā)現(xiàn)Kirk最近已經(jīng)有11天（差不多兩周）沒在外賣店下單了，感到不對勁。故選D項。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段中的“TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino’swasthattheywouldseeAlexander’snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.(對于SilvertonRoadDomino的員工來說，唯一可以肯定的是，他們每周會在晚上11點到午夜的某個時候看到Alexander的名字出現(xiàn)在他們的在線訂購網(wǎng)站上好幾次)”和第七段中的“Around1a.m.onSunday,May8,FullersentlongtimedeliverydriverTraceyHamblentostopinatAlexander’shome.HamblenapproachedAlexander’sdoorashehadcountlesstimesbeforeandknocked.(5月8日星期日凌晨1點左右，F(xiàn)uller派了長期送貨司機特蕾西·漢布倫到亞歷山大的家中停留。漢布倫像以前無數(shù)次一樣，走近亞歷山大的門，敲門)”可知，Alexander經(jīng)常點外賣，而TraceyHamblen是派送員，從畫線句推斷出為二人十分相熟。故選B項。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段“ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino’sgeneralmanagerSarahFullerfeltshecouldnolongerignoreAlexander’srecentabsence.(5月7日是一個緩慢的周六晚上，Domino的總經(jīng)理SarahFuller覺得她再也不能忽視Alexander最近的缺席了)”可知，外賣店經(jīng)理通過細心觀察，察覺到了顧客Kirk點餐習慣發(fā)生的變化，最后救了Kirk的命，告訴了我們“細節(jié)決定成敗”的道理。故選C項。【答案】27.C28.A29.B30.A【導語】這是一篇說明文，研究表明，僅僅意識到水資源短缺就會影響人們的思維和行動，讓人們更傾向于長遠規(guī)劃和減少浪費。【27題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inrecentwork,however,wefoundthatpeoplereacttowatershortageverydifferentlythantheydotoothershortages.(然而，在最近的工作中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對水資源短缺的反應與對其他短缺的反應非常不同)”和第三段中“Weexploredpeople’sthinkingaboutwaterinseveralways.Inoneexperiment,webrought211collegestudentstothelabandaskedsomeofthemtoreadanarticleweprovided.(我們從幾個方面探討了人們對水的看法。在一個實驗中，我們把211名大學生帶到實驗室，讓其中一些人閱讀我們提供的一篇文章)”可知，在實驗室里與大學生進行實驗的目的是觀察他們對水資源短缺的文章的心理反應，故選C?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“WefoundtwogeographicallyclosecitiesinIran—ShirazandYazd—thathavesimilareconomiesandthesamemajorityreligion,andlanguagebutsharplydifferentamountsofwater.(我們在伊朗發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個地理位置相近的城市——Shiraz和Yazd——它們有著相似的經(jīng)濟、相同的宗教信仰和語言，但水量卻大不相同)”可知，研究人員選擇Shiraz和Yazd研究是因為它們是相鄰的城市，人口結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但水資源供應卻截然不同，故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Acrossstudies,ourfindingssuggestthatwaterhasameaningfulplaceinourthinking—onethatisdistinctfromotherimportantresources,includingwealth.Thereisevidenceofevolutionarywiringforwaterinoursenseofsmell.Humansarebetteratdetectingthescentoffreshrainfallthansharksareatdetectingblood.(通過研究，我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，水在我們的思維中有著重要的地位——它與其他重要資源（包括財富）截然不同。有證據(jù)表明，在進化過程中，我們的嗅覺與水有關(guān)。人類比鯊魚更善于察覺新鮮降雨的氣味)”可知，前兩句提到人類對水資源短缺的敏感性源于進化因素，最后一句提到將人類和鯊魚相比是為了支持上述觀點，故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ourworksuggeststhatasmanyplacesdryup,globalwarmingcouldreshapehowpeoplethinkpushingentirecommunitiestowardmorecautiousfuture-orientedbehavior.(我們的研究表明，隨著許多地方干涸，全球變暖可能會重塑人們的思維方式，推動整個社區(qū)采取更謹慎的面向未來的行為)”可知，這項研究的意義在于它表明人們對氣候變化的認識是可以提高的，故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)【答案】31.D32.F33.G34.B35.E【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何選擇高校提供了一些建議?！?1題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(對于美國的學生和他們的家人來說，這是一年中既快樂又緊張的時刻，因為他們要決定去哪里上大學。家庭經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)來幫助做決定。)”可知，美國的學生和家人們在決定去哪兒上大學時，經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)。而根據(jù)下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學的課程在教學方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學的課程。)”可推斷出，本文主要講述的是排名方面出現(xiàn)的問題。選項D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一個關(guān)鍵因素：教學質(zhì)量。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出大學排名存在的問題；而根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容也可以推斷，排名中存在的問題是教學質(zhì)量被忽略。故選D?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作為一名研究高等教育的學者，當我與一些家庭交談時，他們常常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，優(yōu)秀的教學水平并沒有被納入排名。)”可知，大學排名中優(yōu)秀的教學水平并沒有被納入排名讓人們覺得很驚訝。選項F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversiti