PAGEPAGE1課時達標(四)Unit4EarthquakesⅠ閱讀理解A課標話題人與自我·公民義務與社會責任體裁應用文詞數278難度WhenaCanadianwomanwashitbyatrainandbadlyinjuredinnorthernItaly,rescueservicesquicklywenttoheraidonthetracks.Butastheytreatedthevictim,ayoungmanphotographedthescenefromthestationplatforminaselfie(自拍)thathascausedwidespreadanger.CorrieredellaSerasaidheappearedtobemakinga“Vforvictory”signwithonehandwhiletakingtheshotwiththeother.Policecaughttheyoungselfie-takerandforcedhimtodeletehispicture.Theyoungmanhasbeeninvestigated(調查)anddoesnotappeartohavecommittedacrime.ButtheimageofhimpointinghismobilephoneattherescuescenehasappearedonmanyfrontpagesinItalyanditattractedincredulitytotheinvestigationsothatthepublicinsistedthatfurtherinvestigationsshouldbecarriedout.JournalistGiorgioLambri,whopicturedthisyoungselfie-taker,complained“wehavecompletelylostasenseofmorality”.Besides,acommentaryinLaStampaspokeof“acancerthataffectstheInternet”.Theyoungmanwhotooktheselfiewasnotbad,arguedAntonellaBoralevi.Instead,hehadturnedoffhissoulandhispersonalityandbecomean“automaton(機械行事之人)oftheInternet”．Whatremainsunclearishowtheyoungwomanwashitbyatraininthefirstplace.Accordingtoreportsatthetime,thecontrolsystemforclosingthetrain’sdoorswasfaultyandthewomanmayhavefallenoutofthetrainwhileopeningadooronthewrongside.However,therewasalsoasuggestionthatshemayhavebeenrushingtoboardthetrainasitwasleavingthestation.語篇導讀本文主要講解并描述了一名男子在救援現場自拍引發了公眾的不滿和指責。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incredulity”probablymean?A．Suspicion． B．Resistance.C．Attention． D．Sensitivity.解析A詞義揣測題。依據畫線詞上一句可知，男子被調查后發覺并沒有犯過罪，再結合畫線詞后的thepublic…carriedout可知，公眾要求對其進行進一步調查，故可推知，公眾應當是懷疑警方之前的調查結果，故選A項。2．AccordingtoAntonellaBoralevi,themanwhotooktheselfie________.A．wasabadperson B．wasnotverymoralC．shouldbeforgiven D．didthisautomatically解析D細微環節理解題。依據第三段最終兩句可知，AntonellaBoralevi認為拍照的男子本性不壞，只是過分沉溺于網絡和自拍，遇到什么事都會不自覺拍照，故選D項。3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A．Thefailureofthetrain’sdoors.B．Theprocessofthewomanbeinghit.C．Thelikelycausesofthetrainaccident.D．Theseverityofthewoman’sinjuries.解析C主旨大意題。最終一段主要探究女子是如何被火車撞到的，即火車事故發生的可能緣由，故選C項。4．Wherecanweprobablyfindthisarticle?A．Inareview． B．Inanewspaper.C．Inaresearchreport． D．Inaphotographymagazine.解析B文章出處題。本文主要講解并描述了一名男子因在救援現場自拍而引發公眾的不滿和指責，屬于紀實性新聞，最可能出現在報紙上，故選B項。B課標話題人與自然·自然災難與防范體裁說明文詞數372難度Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horsesandcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentlikethis:AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,“No,thanks.I’vegotagoodhorseunderme.”Thecityplannersdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage(排水)system,buttheresimplywasn’tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecityplannersthatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity’sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoist(吊起)theentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructuresliketheTremontHotel,whichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?That’swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤頂)beneaththebuilding’sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman’ssigneachmanturnedhisjackscrewsbythesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn’tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago’searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago’swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity’snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.語篇導讀本文主要介紹了芝加哥為了應對洪水泛濫的問題而實行的一些解決方案。5．TheauthormentionsthejokeinParagraph1toshow________.A．horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB．Chicago’sstreetswereextremelymuddyC．ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD．theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous解析B寫作意圖題。依據第一段第一句可推知，作者提及這個笑話是為了表明芝加哥的街道曾經特別泥濘，故選B項。6．ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto________.A．getridofthestreetdirt B．lowertheChicagoRiverC．fightagainstheavyfloods D．buildthepipesaboveground解析D細微環節理解題。依據第三段第一句可知，EllisChesbrough讓城市規劃者信任在地上建管道才能解決洪水泛濫帶來的問題，故選D項。7．WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?A．Itwentonsmoothlyasintended.B．Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.C．ItinvolvedPullmaninturningtenjackscrews.D．Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.解析A推理推斷題。依據最終一段可知，用螺旋千斤頂把theTremontHotel上升時，賓館正常營業，許多顧客甚至對此一竅不通，即此事進展順當，故選A項。8．ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago’s________.A．popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB．environmentaldisastersandtheircausesC．engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD．successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements解析C主旨大意題。結合全文可知，本文主要講解并描述早期芝加哥在應對洪水泛濫的過程中，一些建筑工程曾面臨的問題及所實行的相應解決方法，故選C項。Ⅱ七選五課標話題人與自然·自然科學探討成果體裁說明文詞數204難度Anewstudysuggeststhatthetimingofawoundaffectsthespeedatwhichitheals.Woundssufferedduringthedayhealaround60percentfasterthanthoseatnight.Thestudyshowedhowthebodies’circadianrhythm(晝夜節律)controlledthehealingofwounds.__1__Ittellsourbodieswhentowakeup,eatandsleepinacycle—aseriesofactivitiesthatrepeatthemselvesdayafterday.__2__Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatskincellsmovedfastertorepairwoundssufferedduringtheday.TheirfindingswerepublishedinthejournalScienceTranslationalMedicine.Theresearchersexaminedcells,mice,andburntinjurydatabases.__3__Nighttimeburns—burnssufferedbetween8o’clockatnightand8o’clockthenextmorning—were95percenthealedafteranaverageof28days.Butafteranaverageof17days,daytimeburns—burnssufferedbetween8o’clockinthemorningand8o’clockatnight—were95percenthealed.__4__Woundsareverycostlytotreat.__5__InBritain’sNationalHealthServices,forexample,suchservicescostaround$6.56billionperyear．Expertssaythehighcostsresult,inpart,fromalackofdrugsthatspeeduptheclosureofwounds.A．Eachcyclelastsabout24hours.B．Thecircadianrhythmislikeaclockortimer.C．Specifically,theirinvestigationfoundthefollowinginformation.D．Thenewstudy’sfindingscouldhelpscientistsdevelopbetterdrugs.E．Inotherwords,nighttimeinjuriestookanaverageof11dayslongertoheal.F．Worldwide,billionsofdollarsarespenteveryyearonwound-treatmentservices.G．That’swhatagroupofresearchersfromauniversityinCanadarecentlypublished.語篇導讀本文主要介紹了人體晝夜節律影響傷口愈合速度的探討結果。1．解析B順承關系。本段主要介紹人體晝夜節律的定義和功能。依據空前的circadianrhythm(晝夜節律)和空后的Ittellsourbodieswhentowakeup,eatandsleepinacycle可知，B項符合語境，其中的Thecircadianrhythm承接上文，故選B項。2.解析A順承關系。空前講到了人體晝夜節律的功能，A項進一步介紹人體晝夜節律的基本狀況，其中的Eachcycle與空前一句中的acycle呼應，故選A項。3．解析C順承關系?？涨耙痪渲v到探討人員檢查了細胞、老鼠和燒傷的數據庫，空后是探討人員的發覺，C項承上啟下，符合語境，故選C項。4．解析E總結關系。上一段講解并描述夜晚傷口的愈合狀況，本段講解并描述白天傷口的愈合狀況，再結合選項內容可知，E項符合語境，故選E項。5．解析F詮釋關系。本段第一句是中心句，主要講解并描述治療傷口的費用昂貴，F項符合語境，故選F項?？旖猓罕径沃饕v的是治療傷口的費用昂貴，選項中只有F項提到了費用問題，據此可干脆鎖定答案。Ⅲ短文改錯(2024·河北辛集中學月考)DearMike，I’msorrytohearthatyouareinhospitalwitheyesightdecreasingandsomeothereq\o(symptom,\s\do11(symptoms))①.Ihopeyouwillrecoversoon.Yousaidthatitwasbysurfingon②theInternettoomuchthatyourillnesseq\o(is,\s\do11(was))③caused.That’strue.Afriendofeq\o(me,\s\do11(mine))④，whooftendoesthesamething,isbeginningto