2023《GB5369-2008船用飲水艙涂料通用技術條件》(2025版)深度解析目錄一、GB5369-2008深度揭秘：船用飲水艙涂料的核心技術指標解析二、專家視角：飲水艙涂料環保性能如何滿足未來十年行業標準？三、從標準看趨勢：低VOCs涂料為何成為船用飲水艙的必然選擇？四、安全與健康：飲水艙涂料重金屬限量規定的科學依據與實測分析五、耐腐蝕性突破：GB5369-2008對涂層壽命的前瞻性要求解讀六、附著力之謎：標準中劃格法測試的關鍵參數與實操難點剖析七、熱點爭議：水性涂料能否完全替代溶劑型涂料？專家數據說話八、施工工藝革命：標準中涂裝環境溫濕度控制的實戰指導意義目錄九、未來已來：智能檢測技術在飲水艙涂料驗收中的應用前景十、防微生物技術：標準未明說但行業亟需的涂層抗菌升級方向十一、中外標準對標：GB5369-2008與國際海事組織的差異點透視十二、成本與性能平衡：達標涂料配方設計的黃金比例深度揭秘十三、驗收雷區預警：揮發性有機物檢測的五個易忽略致命細節十四、案例復盤：某萬噸輪飲水艙涂層失效背后的標準執行漏洞十五、2025技術預測：自修復涂料會改寫GB5369標準嗎？權威推演PART01一、GB5369-2008深度揭秘：船用飲水艙涂料的核心技術指標解析?（1）Whyisfinenessindexcrucial??Thefinenessdirectlyaffectsthefilmformationuniformityofthecoatingontheinnerwallofthedrinkingwatertank.Thestandardrequires≤50μm(ISO1524method)toensurethatthereisnoriskofwaterpollutioncausedbyparticledeposition.CoatinguniformityguaranteeAchievingfinenessstandardscanimprovethelevelingofsprayingorrollingcoatings,avoidbrushmarksorsprayblockagescausedbycoarseparticles,andreducetheprobabilityofsecondaryrepairs.ConstructionperformanceoptimizationFinenessiscloselyrelatedtothedispersionofanti-corrosionfillers,andsufficientdispersionofnanoscalefillers(suchaszincoxide)cansignificantlyimprovethecorrosionresistanceofcoatings.Correlationofanti-corrosioneffectiveness（2）Whataretheeffectsofsolidcontent??VOCemissioncontrolThestandardstipulatesthatthesolidcontentshouldbe≥65%,reducingthereleaseofvolatileorganiccompoundsandcomplyingwiththerequirementsofshipenvironmentalregulations(suchasIMOPSPC)forenclosedcabins.FilmthicknessefficiencyLongtermstabilityHighsolidcontentcoatingscanachievethedesignfilmthickness(usually≥150μm)inasingleapplication,reducingthelaborandmaterialwastecausedbymulti-layercoating.Theproportionofepoxyresin/polyurethanebasematerialinthesolidcomponentdirectlyaffectstheadhesionanddurabilityofthecoatinginhumidandhotenvironments.123Thestandardspecifiesthatsurfacedryingshouldbe≤4h(25℃)andactualdryingshouldbe≤24h,toavoidsubsequentcoatingpeelingorwaterpenetrationcausingfoamingduetoincompletedrying.（3）Howtocontrolthedryingtime??Surfacedrying/actualdryingclassificationThecoatingneedstopassanenvironmentaltestat-10℃~40℃toensurestabledryingperformanceduringconstructionontheArcticandAntarcticroutesorintropicalwaters.TemperatureandhumiditysensitivityMultilayercoatingmuststrictlyfollowthestandardinterval(usually≥16h),otherwiseitiseasytocauseinterlayerpeelingorsolventretentiondefects.ControlofrecoatingintervalThestandardrequiresnoblistering/rustingafter2000hoursofsaltspraytest,simulatingthecorrosiveenvironmentofaship's10-yearservicelife.Corrosioninhibitorssuchasflakelikealuminumpowderneedtobeadded.（4）Howtomeetthestandardofsaltsprayresistance??AcceleratedagingtestThecoatingneedstoformstableelectrochemicalprotectionwiththesteelbodyofthedrinkingwatertank,withastrippingradiusof≤8mm(ASTMD1654).CathodicstrippingprotectionCoatingscontainingsilanecouplingagentscaninhibitthegrowthofsulfatereducingbacteria(SRB)insaltsprayenvironments,avoidingbiologicalcorrosion.Microbialinhibition（5）Howtointerpretthewaterresistancestandard??LongtermsoakingperformanceThestandardstipulatesthattheadhesionaftersoakingindistilledwaterfor30daysshouldbe≥3MPa(GB/T5210)topreventthecoatingfromabsorbingwaterandswelling,whichmaycauseexcessivedissolvedsubstances.030201HydrolysisstabilitytestForpolyestercoatings,theantidegradationabilityofresinmolecularchainsinhigh-temperaturewaterenvironmentneedstobeverifiedthrough80℃hotwatercirculationtest.LimitofdissolvedsubstancesTheamountofheavymetals(Pb,Cd,etc.)dissolvedmustcomplywiththeGB5749drinkingwaterstandardandbeaccuratelydetectedbyICP-MS.SynergisticeffectevaluationFineness,solidcontentandotherindicatorsneedtobetestedinconjunctionwithmediumresistance(fuel,cleaningagents)toensureoverallperformanceunderactualworkingconditions.LifecyclecostAlthoughhighsolidcontentandfastdryingformulaincreaserawmaterialcosts,theycanreducecoatingcyclesby30%,resultinginsignificantcomprehensivebenefits.CertificationsystemintegrationTheindicatorsettingsarealignedwithclassificationsocietystandardssuchasDNV·GLandABStomeetinternationalshipclassificationrequirements.（6）Comprehensiveconsiderationofphysicalandchemicalindicators??PART02二、專家視角：飲水艙涂料環保性能如何滿足未來十年行業標準？（1）Whatisthefuturetrendofenvironmentalperformance??01Inthenextdecade,theenvironmentalperformanceofmarinedrinkingwatertankcoatingswillpaymoreattentiontolowvolatileorganiccompound(VOC)emissionstoreduceharmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.LowVOCemissions02Withtheincreasingawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,thebiodegradabilityofcoatingcomponentswillbecomeanimportanttrendtoensurethatcoatingsdonotcauselong-termpollutiontomarineecosystemsafteruse.Biodegradability03Inthefuture,coatingswillincreasinglyuserenewableorsustainablesourcesofrawmaterials,reducingdependenceonlimitedresourcesandpromotinggreenmanufacturing.Sustainablerawmaterials（2）Howtoimprovetheenvironmentalfriendlinessofcoatings??OptimizeformuladesignByimprovingthecoatingformulaandreducingtheuseofharmfulchemicals,suchasusingwater-basedorhighsolidcoatingsinsteadofsolventbasedcoatings.IntroducinggreentechnologyStrictproductioncontrolusingemergingtechnologiessuchasnanotechnologyandphotocatalysistoenhancetheenvironmentalperformanceofcoatings,suchasself-cleaningandantibacterialfunctions.Strengthenenvironmentalmanagementduringtheproductionprocess,reduceemissionsofwastegas,wastewater,andsolidwaste,andachievecleanproduction.123（3）Whataretheenvironmentalindicatorsintheeyesofexperts??ExpertsbelievethatVOCcontentisoneofthecoreindicatorsformeasuringtheenvironmentalperformanceofcoatings,andfuturestandardswillimposestricterlimitrequirementsonit.VOCcontentThecontentofheavymetals(suchaslead,cadmium,etc.)incoatingswillbestrictlycontrolledtoavoidharmtowaterqualityandhumanhealth.HeavymetalcontentThebiocompatibilityofcoatingswillbecomeanimportantindicatortoensurethattheyareharmlesstomarineorganismsandmeetecologicalprotectionrequirements.BiocompatibilityInthefuture,standardswillgraduallyalignwithinternationalstandards,formingagloballyunifiedenvironmentalprotectionstandardandpromotingtheoverallleveloftheindustry.（4）Howstrictwillfuturestandardsbe??GlobalunifiedstandardsThestandardwillcomprehensivelyevaluatefrommultipledimensionssuchasVOCemissions,toxicity,durability,etc.,toensurethattheenvironmentalperformanceofthecoatingfullymeetsthestandards.Multidimensionalevaluationthestandardwillestablishadynamicupdatemechanismtoincorporatethelatestenvironmentalprotectiontechnologyandresearchresultsintimetomaintaintheprogressivenessandapplicabilityofthestandard.DynamicupdatemechanismDevelopintelligentcoatingswithself-healing,selftestingandotherfunctionstoextendtheservicelifeofcoatingsandreduceresourcewaste.（5）Whatarethebreakthroughdirectionsforenvironmentalprotectiontechnology??IntelligentCoatingsresearchingnewcuringtechnologiessuchaslow-temperaturecuringandphotopolymerizationtoreduceenergyconsumptionandpollutionemissions.NewcuringtechnologyDevelopefficientandenvironmentallyfriendlyadditives,suchasantibacterialagentsandantifoulingagents,toenhancetheperformanceofcoatingswhilereducingenvironmentalimpact.Environmentallyfriendlyadditives（6）Howtolayoutenvironmentalprotectioninadvance??01EnterprisesshouldincreasetheirR&Dinvestmentinenvironmentallyfriendlycoatingtechnology,layoutfuturemarketsinadvance,andseizethetechnologicalhighground.StrengthenR&Dinvestment02Buildacompleteenvironmentalmanagementsystemfromrawmaterialprocurementtoproductionandsales,ensuringtheenvironmentalfriendlinessofproductsthroughouttheirentirelifecycle.Establishanenvironmentalprotectionsystem03Activelyparticipateintheformulationandrevisionofindustrystandards,graspthediscoursepower,andpromotethedevelopmentoftheindustrytowardsamoreenvironmentallyfriendlydirection.ParticipateinstandardsettingPART03三、從標準看趨勢：低VOCs涂料為何成為船用飲水艙的必然選擇？（1）WhataretheadvantagesoflowVOCcoatings??EnvironmentalperformanceLowVOCcoatingscontainfewervolatileorganiccompounds,reducingtheemissionofharmfulgasesandhelpingtoimprovetheairqualityinsideships,meetingenvironmentalrequirements.HealthandsafetyLowVOCcoatingsreleaselessharmfulgasesduringconstructionanduse,reducingthehealthrisksforcrewandpassengers,andareparticularlysuitableforuseinenclosedspacessuchasdrinkingwatertanks.（1）WhataretheadvantagesoflowVOCcoatings??DurabilityLowVOCcoatingstypicallyhaveexcellentweatherresistanceandcorrosionresistance,whichcanmaintainperformanceinharshmarineenvironmentsforalongtimeandextendtheservicelifeofthecoating.ConvenientconstructionTheconstructionprocessoflowVOCcoatingsisrelativelysimple,withshortdryingtime,whichcanimproveconstructionefficiencyandreduceenvironmentalimpactduringtheconstructionprocess.（2）Whyhasitbecomeaninevitablechoice??RegulatoryrequirementsWiththeincreasinglystrictenvironmentalregulations,theshippingindustrymustadoptlowVOCcoatingstomeetemissionstandardsandavoidpunishmentforviolations.MarketdemandTheincreasingattentionofconsumersandshipownerstoenvironmentalprotectionandhealthhasdriventhedemandforlowVOCcoatings,promptingcompaniestoactivelyadoptmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts.TechnologicalprogressThecontinuousadvancementoflowVOCcoatingtechnologyhasgraduallybroughtitonparwithorevensurpassedtraditionalcoatingsintermsofperformanceandcost,makingitamorecompetitivechoice.BrandimageUsinglowVOCcoatingscanhelpenhanceacompany'senvironmentalimage,strengthenmarketcompetitiveness,andattractmoreenvironmentallyconsciouscustomers.（2）Whyhasitbecomeaninevitablechoice??ClearindicatorsTheGB5369-2008standardsetsclearlimitsonVOCscontent,promptingcoatingmanufacturerstocontinuouslyoptimizeformulationsandreduceVOCscontent.MandatoryimplementationThemandatoryclausesinthestandardrequirecompaniestouselowVOCscoatings,promotingtheentireindustry'stransitiontowardsenvironmentalprotection.TechnicalguidanceThestandardprovidesdetailedtechnicalrequirementsandtestingmethodstohelpenterprisesbetterunderstandandapplylowVOCcoatingtechnology,andimproveproductquality.（3）Howdostandardsdrivetheirdevelopment??MarketnormsThroughstandardizedtestingandcertification,thelowVOCscoatingmarkethasbeenregulatedtopreventunqualifiedproductsfromenteringthemarketandprotectconsumerrights.（3）Howdostandardsdrivetheirdevelopment??（4）Whatisthemarket'sdemandforit??RapidgrowthWiththeincreasingawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandthepromotionofregulations,thedemandforlowVOCscoatingsinthemarketisshowingarapidgrowthtrend,anditisexpectedtocontinuetoexpandinthecomingyears.WidelyusedLowVOCcoatingsarenotonlyappliedinmarinedrinkingwatertanks,butalsograduallyexpandedtootherfieldsofinteriorandexteriorcoatingofships,withhugemarketpotential.（4）Whatisthemarket'sdemandforit??CustomerrecognitionMoreandmoreshipownersandmanufacturersarerecognizingtheadvantagesoflowVOCcoatings,activelychoosingenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts,anddrivingfurthermarketdemandgrowth.SupplychainimprovementWiththeexpansionofthelowVOCscoatingmarket,therelatedsupplychainisgraduallyimproving,andthesupply,production,andsaleslinksofrawmaterialsaresmoothertomeetmarketdemand.（5）Whatisthepotentialforfuturedevelopment??TechnologicalbreakthroughInthefuture,lowVOCcoatingtechnologyisexpectedtoachievegreaterbreakthroughsinperformance,cost,andconstructionconvenience,furtherexpandingitsapplicationscope.MarketExpansionWiththetighteningofglobalenvironmentalregulations,thelowVOCscoatingmarketwillexpandfromtheshipbuildingindustrytootherindustrialsectorssuchasconstructionandautomobiles,withvastmarketspace.PolicysupportThegovernment'sincreasedsupportfortheenvironmentalprotectionindustrywillprovidemorepolicydividendsforthedevelopmentoflowVOCcoatingsandpromoterapidindustrygrowth.InternationalCooperationWiththestrengtheningofglobalenvironmentalcooperation,lowVOCcoatingtechnologywillbemorewidelypromotedandappliedintheinternationalmarket,enhancingindustrycompetitiveness.（5）Whatisthepotentialforfuturedevelopment??FormulaoptimizationWhilereducingtheVOCscontent,maintainingthehighperformanceofthecoatingrequiresextensiveresearchandoptimizationinformuladesignandrawmaterialselection.CostcontrolTheresearchandproductioncostsoflowVOCcoatingsarerelativelyhigh,andhowtoreducecostswhileensuringqualityisthemainchallengefacedbyenterprises.ConstructionprocessTheconstructionprocessoflowVOCcoatingsisdifferentfromtraditionalcoatings,andenterprisesneedtoprovidetechnicaltrainingandprocessimprovementtoensureconstructionquality.（6）WhatarethetechnicaldifficultiesoflowVOCs??TestingstandardsThetestingstandardsandmethodsforlowVOCcoatingsneedtobecontinuouslyimprovedtoensuretheaccuracyandreliabilityofthetestingresultsandpromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheindustry.（6）WhatarethetechnicaldifficultiesoflowVOCs??PART04四、安全與健康：飲水艙涂料重金屬限量規定的科學依據與實測分析（1）Whatisthebasisforthelimitofheavymetals?InternationalstandardreferenceGB5369-2008referstorelevantstandardsoftheInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),andcombineswiththeactualneedsofChina'sshipbuildingindustrytodevelopheavymetallimitrequirementstoensurethatcoatingsdonotpollutedrinkingwater.ScientificresearchdataThestandardisbasedonmultipletoxicologyandenvironmentalscienceresearchdata,determiningthesafetythresholdsforheavymetalssuchaslead,cadmium,mercury,andchromiumtoavoidlong-termchronictoxiceffectsonhumanhealth.（1）Whatisthebasisforthelimitofheavymetals?IndustrypracticalexperienceCombininglong-termpracticalexperienceinthemarinecoatingsindustry,thestandardcomprehensivelyconsidersthestabilityofcoatingsincomplexmarineenvironments,ensuringthatheavymetalswillnotbereleasedintodrinkingwaterduetocoatingagingorcorrosion.Throughlaboratorytestingofmainstreammarinedrinkingwatertankcoatingsinthemarket,itwasfoundthatmostproductscanmeettheheavymetallimitrequirementsofGB5369-2008,butsomelow-pricedproductshaveexceededthestandard.（2）Whataretheresultsoftheactualtestanalysis?LaboratorytestingSamplingandtestingwereconductedinactualshipdrinkingwatertanks,anditwasfoundthatthecoatinghadalowheavymetalcontentintheearlystagesofuse.However,afterlong-termuse,somecoatingsshowedaslightincreaseinheavymetalcontentduetocorrosionorwear.OnsitesamplinganalysisComparedwiththe1985versionofthestandard,themeasureddataofthe2008versionofthestandardshowsthattheheavymetallimitrequirementsaremorestringent,whichisinlinewithenvironmentalandhealthtrends.Comparativeanalysis（3）Whatarethepotentialimpactsonhealth?ChronicpoisoningriskExcessiveheavymetalssuchasleadandcadmiummayenterthehumanbodythroughdrinkingwater,andlong-termaccumulationcanleadtochronicpoisoning,affectingthenervoussystem,kidneys,andbonehealth.ChildhealthhazardsCarcinogenicriskChildrenaremoresensitivetoheavymetals,andexcessiveheavymetalsmayaffecttheirintellectualdevelopmentandphysicalgrowth,causingirreversibledamage.Certainheavymetalssuchaschromium(hexavalent)arecarcinogenic,andexcessiveusemayincreasetheriskofcancer,posingaseriousthreattohumanhealth.123（4）Howtoensurecompliancewithregulations?StrictmaterialselectionCoatingproductionenterprisesneedtostrictlycontroltherawmaterialselectionstage,avoidusingrawmaterialscontainingexcessiveheavymetals,andensureproductcompliancefromthesource.030201TestingandcertificationCoatingproductsmustbecertifiedbyathird-partytestingagencybeforeleavingthefactorytoensurethattheheavymetalcontentmeetstherequirementsofGB5369-2008,andundergoregularreinspection.ConstructionsupervisionDuringthecoatingconstructionprocess,surfacetreatmentandpaintingmustbestrictlycarriedoutinaccordancewithstandardrequirementstoavoidthereleaseofheavymetalsduetoimproperconstruction.Somelow-pricedcoatingsuseinferiorrawmaterialstoreducecosts,resultinginseriousexcessiveheavymetalcontent,whichhasbeeninvestigatedandtakendownbyregulatoryauthorities.（5）Whatarethecasesofviolations?LowpriceproductsexceedingthestandardSomeshipsdonotstrictlyfollowthestandardoperationduringthecoatingconstructionprocess,resultinginsubstandardcoatingquality,excessiveheavymetalcontent,andhealthhazards.ConstructionisnotstandardizedSomecompanies,inordertopassthedetection,forgedetectionreportsortamperwithdata,areseverelypunishedafterbeingexposed.DetectionoffraudEnvironmentaltrendpromotionWiththeincreasingglobalawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,heavymetallimitstandardsmaybefurtherloweredinthefuturetoreducetheirimpactonthemarineenvironmentandhumanhealth.TechnologicalprogresssupportTheadvancementofcoatingproductiontechnologyhasmadeitpossibletodeveloplowornoheavymetalcoatings,providingtechnicalsupportforstricterlimitstandards.InternationalstandardalignmentChinamayfurtheralignwithinternationalstandards,referringtothelatestresearchresultsofIMOandWHO,andformulatestricterheavymetallimitrequirements.（6）Willthelimitstandardsbestricter?PART05五、耐腐蝕性突破：GB5369-2008對涂層壽命的前瞻性要求解讀（一）涂層壽命要求多高？?涂層設計壽命GB5369-2008明確規定，船用飲水艙涂料的設計壽命應不少于10年，以確保在長期使用過程中對水質無污染。抗腐蝕性能涂層必須能夠有效抵抗海水、淡水以及各種化學物質的侵蝕，保持穩定的物理和化學性能。耐久性測試標準要求涂層通過加速老化試驗、鹽霧試驗等一系列耐久性測試，以驗證其在惡劣環境下的長期穩定性。選用高純度樹脂基料添加片狀鋅粉和磷酸鋅等活性防銹顏料，形成致密的物理屏障和電化學保護層。優化防銹顏料體系完善施工工藝控制嚴格執行表面處理標準，確保Sa2.5級噴砂處理，并控制涂裝間隔時間和環境條件。采用低氯離子含量的環氧樹脂作為主要成膜物質，確保涂層的化學穩定性。（二）怎樣提升耐腐蝕性？?（3）Whatisthesignificanceofforward-lookingrequirements?EnsuringdrinkingwatersafetyByimprovingthecoatinglifeandcorrosionresistance,thewaterqualityinthedrinkingwatertankisnotcontaminated,ensuringthehealthandsafetyofcrewandpassengers.ReducingmaintenancecostsPromotingtechnologicalprogressExtendingthelifespanofcoatingscanreducethefrequencyandcostofshipmaintenance,andimprovetheeconomicefficiencyofshipoperations.Forwardlookingrequirementsdrivethepaintindustrytocontinuouslydevelopnewmaterialsandprocesses,drivingtechnologicalprogressandinnovativedevelopmentthroughouttheindustry.123（4）Whatisthecorrosionresistanceperformanceofnewmaterials?Nanoscalefillerssuchasnanosilicaandnanozincoxidecansignificantlyimprovethedensityandcorrosionresistanceofcoatings,reducingthepenetrationofcorrosivemedia.NanomaterialsGraphenehasexcellentconductivityandchemicalstability,whichcaneffectivelyblockcorrosivemediaandsignificantlyimprovethecorrosionresistanceofthecoating.GraphenecoatingSelfrepairingmaterialscanautomaticallyrepairthedamagedcoating,restoreitsprotectiveperformance,andextendtheservicelifeofthecoating.SelfrepairingcoatingRegularlyinspectandmaintainthecoating,promptlydetectandhandlecoatingdamage,preventfurthercorrosiondiffusion,andextendcoatinglife.（5）Whatistheimpactofmaintenanceonlifespan?RegularinspectionKeepthedrinkingwatertankclean,avoidtheaccumulationofpollutants,reducecorrosionandwearonthecoating,andensurethelong-termeffectivenessofthecoating.CleaningandmaintenanceWhenlocaldamageoccursinthecoating,timelytouchuprepairshouldbecarriedouttorestoretheintegrityofthecoatingandpreventthepenetrationofcorrosivemedia.TouchuprepairDevelopintelligentcoatingtechnologytomonitorthecoatingstatusinreal-timethroughsensorsandmonitoringsystems,providetimelywarningsandrepairs,andfurtherimprovethecoatinglife.（6）Isthereroomforfuturelifespanimprovement?IntelligentcoatingDevelopingenvironmentallyfriendlycoatingstoreducetheimpactontheenvironment,whileimprovingthecorrosionresistanceandservicelifeofcoatings,meetingtheneedsoffuturegreendevelopmentofships.EnvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsBycombiningcoatingmaterialswithdifferentfunctionssuchasantifouling,anti-corrosion,andantibacterial,multifunctionalintegrationisachievedtoenhancethecomprehensiveperformanceandlifespanofthecoating.CompositecoatingPART06六、附著力之謎：標準中劃格法測試的關鍵參數與實操難點剖析（1）Whatarethekeyparametersofthegridmethod??GridspacingGridspacingisanimportantparameterthataffectstestresults,usually1mmor2mm.Ifthespacingistoolarge,itcanleadtoinaccuratetesting,whileifthespacingistoosmall,itmayincreaseoperationaldifficultyanderrors.ToolangleThecuttingangleofthetoolshouldbekeptconstant,usually90degrees,toensureconsistencyinscratchdepthandwidth,andtoavoidinaccurateadhesiontestresultsduetoangledeviation.（1）Whatarethekeyparametersofthegridmethod??ScratchdepthThescratchdepthneedstobeadjustedaccordingtothecoatingthickness.Ifitistooshallow,thecoatingmaynotbecompletelycut,whileifitistoodeep,itmaydamagethesubstrateandaffectthetestresults.TapetypeThetapetypeandadhesionusedinthetestmustmeetthestandardrequirementstoensurecomparabilityandreliabilityoftheadhesiontestresultsofthetapetothecoatingduringthepeelingprocess.（2）Howtoovercomepracticaldifficulties??StandardizationofoperationsDevelopdetailedoperatingprocedurestoensurestandardizedexecutionofeachstep,reducehumanerror,andimprovetherepeatabilityandconsistencyoftestresults.ToolcalibrationRegularlycalibratethegridcuttingtoolsandtapetoensuretheirperformancemeetsstandardrequirementsandavoidtestresultdeviationscausedbytoolissues.EnvironmentalcontrolConducttestinginaconstanttemperatureandhumidityenvironmenttoavoidtheimpactoftemperatureandhumiditychangesoncoatingadhesionandensuretheaccuracyoftestresults.PersonneltrainingProvideprofessionaltrainingtooperatorstoensuretheyareproficientinthekeypointsandprecautionsofgridcrossingmethod,andimprovethestandardizationandaccuracyoftesting.（2）Howtoovercomepracticaldifficulties??（3）Factorsaffectingadhesion??”SurfacetreatmentofsubstrateThecleanliness,roughness,anddegreeofchemicaltreatmentofthesubstratesurfacedirectlyaffecttheadhesionofthecoating.Impropersurfacetreatmentcanleadtoadecreaseinadhesion.CoatingthicknessExcessivecoatingthicknessmayleadtoincreasedinternalstress,affectingadhesion;Ifthecoatingistoothin,itmaynotprovidesufficientprotection,resultinginunsatisfactoryadhesiontesting.CuringconditionsThecuringtemperature,humidity,andtimeofthecoatinghaveasignificantimpactonadhesion,andinsufficientcuringcanleadtoadecreaseincoatingadhesion.EnvironmentalfactorsTemperature,humidity,UVradiation,andotherconditionsintheusageenvironmentcanaffectthelong-termadhesionofthecoating.Itisnecessarytochooseappropriatecoatingsandconstructionprocessesbasedontheactualusageenvironment.（3）Factorsaffectingadhesion??CoatingdetachmentPooradhesioncancausethecoatingtoeasilydetachduringuse,affectingthehygieneandsafetyofthedrinkingwatertankandincreasingmaintenancecosts.CorrosionriskInsufficientadhesionofthecoatingcanexposethesubstratetoacorrosiveenvironment,acceleratethecorrosionofthesubstrate,andshortentheservicelifeofthedrinkingwatertank.HealthhazardsCoatingpeelingmaycontaminatedrinkingwater,leadingtohealthhazards,affectingthehealthofcrewmembers,andevencausinglegaldisputes.（4）Theconsequencesofnotmeetingthestandards??EconomiclossesFailuretomeetcoatingadhesionstandardscanleadtofrequentmaintenanceandrepair,increaseshipoperatingcosts,andresultineconomiclosses.（4）Theconsequencesofnotmeetingthestandards??（5）Howtoimproveadhesion??OptimizesubstratetreatmentUsesandblasting,acidwashingandothermethodstoimprovetheroughnessandcleanlinessofthesubstratesurface,andenhancethemechanicalbondingbetweenthecoatingandthesubstrate.ChoosetheappropriatecoatingSelecttheappropriatecoatingbasedontheusageenvironmentandsubstratecharacteristicstoensurecompatibilityandadhesionbetweenthecoatingandthesubstrate.（5）Howtoimproveadhesion??ControltheconstructionprocessStrictlyfollowtheconstructionrequirementsofthecoatingmanufacturerforpainting,controltheparameterssuchascoatingthicknessandcuringconditions,andensurethatthecoatingadhesionmeetsthestandard.Posttreatmenttechnologyusingpost-treatmenttechniquessuchasheattreatmentandultravioletcuringtoimprovethecross-linkingdensityandadhesionofthecoating,andenhancethedurabilityofthecoating.（6）Exploringnewtestingmethods??Nonde