考研英語（翻譯）歷年真題試卷匯編1(總分：42.00，做題時間：90分鐘)一、ReadingComprehension(總題數：5，分數：42.00)1.SectionIIReadingComprehension__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：2.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：能源危機及影響——1991年英譯漢及詳解Thefactisthattheenergycrisis,whichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannounced,hasbeenwithusforalongtimenow,andwillbewithusforanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelyornot,itiscleartoeveryonethatworldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragileabase.【F1】Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytime,andinanycase,theoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse.【F2】Newsourcesofenergymustbefound,andthiswilltaketime,butitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestorethatsenseofcheapandplentifulenergywehavehadinthetimespast.Foranindefiniteperiodfromhereon,mankindisgoingtoadvancecautiously,andconsideritselfluckythatitcanadvanceatall.Tomakethesituationworse,thereisasyetnosignthatanyslowingoftheworld"spopulationisinsight.Althoughthebirth-ratehasdroppedinsomenations,includingtheUnitedStates,thepopulationoftheworldseemssuretopasssixbillionandperhapsevensevenbillionasthetwenty-firstcenturyopens.【F3】Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthis,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.Takingallthisintoaccount,whatmightwereasonablyestimatesupermarketstobelikeintheyear?Tobeginwith,theworldfoodsupplyisgoingtobecomesteadilytighteroverthenextthirtyyears—evenhereintheUnitedStates.By,thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswillbeatleasttwohundredfiftymillionandpossiblytwohundredseventymillion,andthenationwillfinditdifficulttoexpandfoodproductiontofilltheadditionalmouths.【F4】Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.ItseemsalmostcertainthatbytheUnitedStateswillnolongerbeagreatfood-exportingnationandthat,ifnecessityforcesexports,itwillbeatthepriceofbelt-tighteningathome.Infact,asfooditemswilltendtodeclineinqualityanddecreaseinvariety,thereisverylikelytobeincreasinguseofflavouringadditives.【F5】Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore"unnaturalfood".（分數：10.00）(1).【F1】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：意想不到的是石油供應也許隨時會被忽然切斷；不管怎樣，以目前這種消費速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都會枯竭。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：并列句的處理，短語、被動句的譯法。本句由兩個并列分句構成：Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoff…，and…，theoilwellswillallrundry…。第一種分句中unexpectedly和atanytime為shutoff的狀語；第二個分句中inthirtyyearsorso和atthepresentrateofuse為rundry的狀語。rundry相稱于becomedry。well意為“井”。inanycase“無論怎樣”是修飾整個第二個分句的狀語。(2).【F2】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：必須找到新的能源，這需要時間；而過去我們感覺到的那種能源廉價而充足的狀況將不大也許再出現了。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：嵌套式定語從句、嵌套式并列構造的譯法。本句主干是but連接的并列分句。在第一種分句中還嵌入一種and連接的并列句。thatwilleverrestore…past為定語從句，修飾名詞situation。此定語從句中又嵌套了一種定語從句wehavehadinthetimespast，修飾先行詞sense。對于此類“從句套從句”的復雜句，翻譯時需根據語法分析理清句中各部分的關系，然後用地道的漢語體現進行翻譯。切忌過度直譯導致修飾成分的堆積，從而使得體現混亂。(3).【F3】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：食品供應的增長將遠遠趕不上人口的增長，這就意味著我們在糧食的生產和購銷方面正陷入危機。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：非限制性定語從句的譯法。本句主干為Thefoodsupplywillnotincrease…。其中enoughto…構造做成果狀語，譯為“足以…”。which…food為非限制性定語從句，句中which指代整個主句的內容，因此可以用“這”來反復翻譯前文的內容。(4).【F4】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：這種困境將是確定無疑的，由于能源的匱乏使農業無法以高能量消耗這種美國耕作方式繼續下去了，而這種耕作方式使投人少數農民就可獲得高產成為也許。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：狀語從句中嵌套定語從句的譯法。本句主干為：Thiswillbeparticularlytrue…。since引導原因狀語從句，其主干是energypinchwillmakeitdifficultto…，其中不定式構造tocontinueagricultureinthe…是it指代的真正內容。fashion是動詞make的真實賓語。highyields修飾先行詞fashion。(5).【F5】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：除非人類意識到要把人口減少到這樣的程度，使地球能為所有人提供足夠的飲食，否則人們將不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：時間狀語從句、定語從句的譯法。此句的主干為：Peoplewillhavetoacceptmore“unnaturalfood”。句首Untilsuchtimeas…forall為時間狀語從句，其中where…forall為定語從句，修飾先行詞thepoint，where相稱于inwhich(thepoint)，譯為“到這樣的程度”。男性從事“女性”職業——1988年英譯漢及詳解SeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYorkfirm,thereceptionistwasefficient.Stylishlydressed,thefirm"snewestemployeehadapleasanttelephonevoiceandanaturalcharmthatputclientsatease.Thecompanywaspleased:【F1】Clearly,thiswasapersonwhotookconsiderableprideinpersonalappearance.DavidKing,thereceptionist,isunusual,butbynomeansunique.【F2】Justasalltruckdriversandconstructionworkersarenolongernecessarilymen,allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen.Thenumberofmeninwomen-dominatedfieldsisstillsmallandtheyhaven"tattractedtheattentionthathasoftenfollowedwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfields,butmenaremovingintomoreandmorejobsthathavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen.Strictlyspeaking,thephenomenonisnotnew.Forthepastseveraldecades,menhavebeenquietlyenteringfieldssuchasnursing,socialworkandelementaryeducation.Buttodaynojobseemsoff-limits.Menservecoffeeinofficesandmealsonairplanes.【F3】Thesechangesarehelpingtoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando—buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemenwhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.Whatkindsofmenventureintotheseso-called"women"sfields"?Allkinds.【F4】"Idon"tknowofanydefiniteanswersI"dbecomfortablewith,"explainsJosephPleck,Ph.D.,oftheWellesleyCollegeCentreforResearchonWomen.SamOrmont,forexample,athirty-year-oldnurseataBostonhospital,wentintonursingbecausethearmyhadtrainedhimasamedicalworker.【F5】"Ifoundthatworkveryinteresting."herecalled,"andwhenIgotoutoftheserviceitjustseemednaturalformetogointosomethingmedical.Iwasn"treallyinterestedinbecomingadoctor."Thirty-five-year-oldDavidKing,anout-of-workactor,foundajobasareceptionistbecausehewashavingtroublelandingrolesinBroadwayplaysandheneededtopaytherent.【F6】Inotherwords,menenter"female"jobsoutofthesameconsiderationforpersonalinterestandeconomicnecessitythatmotivatesanyonelookingforwork.Butsimilaritiesoftenendthere.Meninfemale-dominatedjobsareconspicuous.Asagroup,theirworkhistoriesdifferinmostrespectsfromthoseoftheirfemalecolleagues,andtheyarefrequentlytreateddifferentlybythepeoplewithwhomtheyareinprofessionalcontact.Thequestionnaturallyarises:Whyaretherestillapproximatelyninety-ninefemalesecretariesforeveryonemale?Thereisalsoamoreseriousissue.Mostmendon"twanttobereceptionists,nurses,secretariesorsewingworkers.Putsimply,thesearenotgenerallyconsideredverymasculinejobs.【F7】Tochoosesuchalineofworkistoinviteridicule."Therewaskiddinginthebeginning,"recallsOrmont."KidscomingfromschoolaskwhatIam,andwhenIsay"Anurse,"theylaughatme.Ijustsmileandsay,"Youknow,therearefemaledoctors,too.""Still,thereareencouragingsigns.Yearsago,malegradeschoolteacherswereasrareasmalenurses.Todaymorethanoneelementaryschoolteacherinsixismale.【F8】Canweanticipateadaywhensecretarieswillbeanevenmixofmenandwomen—orwhenthementionofamalenursewillnolongerraiseeyebrows?It"sprobablycoming—butnotverysoon.（分數：16.00）(1).【F1】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：顯然，他是個對自已的儀表相稱自信的人。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：who引導的定語從句。該句的主干是thisisaperson，who引導的定語從句作後置定語，修飾person，因此句子主干可譯為“他是個…的人”。副詞Clearly放句首，譯為“顯然，明顯地”。takepridein譯為“以…為傲”，considerable是形容詞，修飾pride，意為“相稱大的，相稱多的”。(2).【F2】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：正像卡車司機和建筑工人再沒必要都是男的同樣，秘書和接待員再也不一定都是女的。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：主從復合句。該句的主干為allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen，主干的前面是Justas引導的方式狀語從句，譯為“正像…，正如…”。從句和主句的構造是并列的，automatically本意為“自動地，機械地”，在這裏和從句中的necessarily意思相似，譯為“不一定”。(3).【F3】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：這些變化正影響著長期存在的老式觀念中有關男女分工的見解，但不可否認，這也給那些進人原先以婦女為主的行業的男性帶來某些問題。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：but連接的兩個并列分句。前一種分句的主干是Thesechangesarehelpingtoinfluencesomeofthelong—standingtraditions．名詞短語thetypesofwork後接有省略關系代詞的定語從句(that)menandwomencando。後一種分句的主干是theyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemen，who引導的定語從句作後置定語．修飾名詞men。其中undeniable意為“不可否認的，無可爭辯的”，dominate意為“在…占重要地位”。(4).【F4】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：我還沒有聽到任何使我感到滿意確實切答案。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：省略關系代詞的定語從句。該句的主干是Idon’tknowofanydefiniteanswers，名詞answers後接有定語從句I’dbecomfortablewith，其前省略關系代詞that。其中definite譯為“確切的，一定的”，becomfortablewith譯為“感到滿意的”。本句較為簡樸，考生輕易拿分。(5).【F5】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：他回憶說：“我覺得醫務工作拾分有趣，當我退伍時，對我來說，去從事某種醫務工作，似乎是極其自然的。我對成為醫生不是太感愛好。”)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：主從復合句。該句是主從復合句，recalled引導的賓語從句由直接引語構成，recalled譯為“回憶說”。該從句是and連接的兩個并列分句：Ifoundthatworkveryinterestingand…itiustseemednaturalformeto…。第二個分句中具有when引導的時間狀語從句，其中gooutoftheservice專指“退伍”。最終一種獨立的句子構造簡樸，很好翻譯。(6).【F6】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：換句話說，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動機是同任何找工作干的人同樣．既出于個人愛好，也出于經濟需要的考慮。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：介詞短語作狀語和定語從句。該句的主干為menenter“female”jobs，介詞短語outofthesameconsiderationforpersonalinterestandeconomicnecessity…作狀語，表達“出于…原因”。that引導的定語從句作後置定語，修飾名詞personalinterestandeconomicnecessity。其中inotherwords譯為“換句話說”，motivate是動詞，意為“刺激，使有動機”，在這裏可以轉換為名詞詞性，譯為“動機”。(7).【F7】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：選擇此類工作是會惹人譏笑的。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：動詞短語和定語從句。該句的主干為theirworkhistoriesdifferinmostrespectsfrom…，andtheyare…。其中workhistories譯為“工作經歷”；inmostrespects是插入語，意為“大多數狀況”；differfrom…意為“與…不一樣”。and連接的另一種句子中具有whom引導的定語從句，with提前，beincontactwithsb．意為“與某人接觸，與某人有聯絡”。(8).【F8】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：我們能否預見到這樣一天：那時當秘書的男女各占二分之一或有人提到某個男人當護士時，人們不會再感到吃驚。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：when引導的定語從句。該句的主干為Canweanticipateaday…，背面是兩個when引導的從句作後置定語，修飾aday，詳細闡明什么樣的一天，其中第二個由破折號和并列連詞or連接。在第一種定語從句中，even是形容詞，意為“平均的，均勻的”；在第二個定語從句中，raiseeyebrows意為“驚訝，吃驚，引人側目”。都市對人類生活的重要性及面臨的問題——1987年英譯漢及詳解Havetherealwaysbeencities?【F1】Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletous,butactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman"ssocialexistence.【F2】Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.【F3】Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeople,citieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.【F4】Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.WhathashappenedtothemodernAmericancity?Actually,theproblemisnotsuchanewone.Longbeforethiscenturystarted,therehadbegunatrendtowardtheconcentrationofthepooroftheAmericansocietyintothecities.Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.Duringthiscentury,therehasalsobeenthedevelopmentoflargesuburbanareassurroundingthecities,fortherichprefertoliveintheseareas.Withinthecities,sectionsmaybesharplydividedintohighandlowrentdistricts,the"rightsideoftown"andtheslums.Ofcourse,everyonewantstodosomethingaboutthisunhappysituation.Butthereisnoagreementastogoals.Neitheristhereanysystematicapproachorintegratedprogram.Opinionsareasdiverseasthepeoplewhogivethem.【F5】Butonebasicdifferenceofopinionconcernsthequestionofwhetherornotthecityassuchistobepreserved.Perhapstransportationandthemeansofcommunicationhavereallymadeitpossiblefortheretobeanendtothebigcities.Ofcourse,thereistheproblemofpersuadingpeopletomoveoutofthemoftheirownfreewill.【F6】Andthereisalsotheobjectionthatthecityhasalwaysbeenthecorefromwhichculturaladvancementhasradiated.Isthis,however,stillthecasetodayinthepresenceofeasytransportationandcommunication?Doescultureariseasaresultofpeoplelivingtogethercommunally,orisittootheresultofdecisionsmadeatthelevelofgovernmentandthecommunicationsindustry?Itisprobablytruetosaythatmostpeopleprefertopreservethecities.Somethinkthatthecitiescouldbecleaneduportotallyrebuilt.Thisiseasytosay;itwouldnotbesoeasytodo.【F7】Tobesure,agreatrebuildingprojectwouldgivejobstomanyofthosepeoplewhoneedthem.Livingconditionscouldnothelpbutimprove,atleastforawhile.Butwouldtheproblemsreturnaftertherebuildingwascompleted?Nevertheless,withthemajorityofthepeoplelivinginurbanareas,theproblemofthecitiesmustbesolved.【F8】Fromagreementonthisgeneralgoal,wehave,unfortunately,inthepastproceededtodisagreementonspecificgoals,andfromtheretototalinaction.Atthebasisofmuchofthisinactionisanold-fashionedconcept—theideahumanconditionswillnaturallytendtoregulatethemselvesforthegeneralgoal.（分數：16.00）(1).【F1】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：對我們來說，生活中要是缺乏廣大的都市區域似乎是不可想象的，但實際上都市還是相對近期才發展起來的。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：but連接的兩個并列分句的譯法。前一種分句的主干是：Life…mayseeminconceivable…，其中，介詞短語withoutlargeurbanareas作Life的後置定語，inconceivable可譯為“不可思議的，不可想象的”。後一種分句是一種主系表構造，表語中心語是名詞development，翻譯時可以活譯為動詞詞性。(2).【F2】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：從歷史的角度來看，都市生活一直是文明的一種構成部分。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：which引導的定語從句的譯法。開頭的副詞Historically考生易機械地翻譯成“歷史地”，在這裏可以靈活地加以修飾，譯為“從歷史的角度來看”。本句的主干為citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelements．而elementsformacivilization，因此可以合并為citylifehasalwaysbeenamongacivilization，即“都市生活一直是文明的一種構成部分”。(3).【F3】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答案：(對的答案：假如沒有都市的支持，簡直難以想象會有大學、醫院、大企業，甚至連科學技術也不會有。)解析：解析：本句考察的重點是：it作形式主語。該句的主干為Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethat…，其中it為形式主語，不定式構造toimaginethat…是真正的主語，that引導的從句作imagine的賓語。virtually譯為“實際上，實際上”，可以獨立出來，放在譯文的句首，comeintobeing譯為“出現，存在，形成”，withoutcitiestosupport作狀語，翻譯成漢語時，放在主干的前面。(4).【F4】（分數：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________

對的答