考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷284

一、閱讀（常規閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Fordecades,ferryboatscrossedthecoldwatersofMichigan'sStraitsofMackinac,

shuttlingpeopleandvehiclesbetweenthetwohalvesofthesplit-upstate.Sincethe

1880s,Michiganresidentsdreamedofabridgethatwouldspanthe4-milegapbetween

MackinawCityandSt.Ignace,anareathatlimitedtourisminMackinacIslandand

disturbedcommerceintheremoteUpperPeninsula.Becauseconstructionwouldbehard,

withhighwindsandharshwinters,someengineerssuggestedafloatingtunneloraseries

ofsmallbridgesinstead.But,bythe1940s,withlinesforferryboatssometimes

stretchingfbr16miles,theideaofonecontinuousspanwonout.Andwhataspanit

turnedouttobe.Fivemileslong,the"MightyMac,'1whichopenedtotrafficonNov.1,

1957,wastobecometheworld'slongestsuspensionbridgebetweencableanchorages.

Eventoday,itremainsthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheWesternHemisphereandihe

third-longestbridgeintheworld.DesignedbyengineerDavidB.Steinman,thebridge

wasbuiltinjustthreeyears,ontimeandonbudget.Thatwasaremarkablefeatinitself.

Butthechallengesweresogreat-33ofthebridge's34pieceshadtobebuiltunder

water-thatfiveworkersperishedduringconstruction.Onemandieddiving,onefellina

caissonwhilewelding,anotherdrowned,andtwofellfromacatwalk.Thebridgehas

seenmanytragediessince.OnSept.10,1978,threeNationalGuardofficersinaprivate

planegotlostinathickfbgandcrashedintothecablesofthenorthtower.In1989,a

womanwaskilledwhengalelorcewinds—andherexcessivespeed—liftedher1987

Yugointotheair,sendingit150feetintothewater.Andin1997,asportutilityvehicle

tooktheplunge.Althoughauthoritiesbelievedthelatterincidenttohavebeenasuicide,

thebridgedoesnotattractjumperstheway,forinstance,theGoldenGatedoes.In1977,

LawrenceRubinoftheMackinacBridgeAuthoritysharedhistheoryonthelackof

IcapcrswiththeDetroitNews:"Peoplewhocommitsuicidelikeattention.Butit's

peacefulhere...youcouldjumpoffthisbridge,anditmighttakeyearsbeforeanybody

foundout."Thebridgeauthorityacknowledgesthattheprospectofsuchexcitementmay

beoverwhelmingforsome,whichiswhyitoffersfreeescortsforgephyrobiacs—people

withafearofcrossingbridges.Eachyear,hundredsofdriverstakeadvantageofthe

service.

1、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Michigan'sStraitsofMackinac

A-.realizedMichiganresidents'dreamtohaveabridge.

B、becameatouristattractioninMackinacIsland.

C、depressedtheferryserviceintheStateofMichigan.

D、blockedthedevelopmentofcommerceinUpperPeninsula,

標準答案：D

知識點解析：事實細節題。根據題干定位到第一段。其中講到密歇根麥基諾水道限

制了麥基諾島旅游業的發展并阻礙了與遙遠的上半島之間的商貿往來，故D項正

確。

2、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthereasonforbuildingacontinuousspanisthat

A、theconstructionwasdangerousbecauseofsevereweather.

B、theengineerswantedtobuildthelongestsuspensionbridge.

C、buildingafloatingtunneloraseriesofbridgeswasimpossible.

D、ferryboatscoveredtoomanypointlessmilesandwastedtime.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：事實細節題。考查因果細節；根據conlinuousspan定位在第二段。該

段說明由于渡船的航線有時延長至16英里，因此建設一座連續的跨橋這一想法最

終脫穎而出，故D項與之相符。

3、Thetragedyoffiveconstructionworkersiscitedtoprovethat

A、thebridgeisaremarkablefeatinitself.

B、thebridgehasseenmanytragedies.

C、challengestobuildthebridgeweretremendous.

D、theauthorityemployedunqualifiedworkers.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題，考查例證細節。根據iragedy定位到第三段。其中講述

的大橋意外都是為了突出說明雖然它是一件了不起的杰作，但在其建設過程中遇到

的挑戰也是巨大的，故C項正確。

4、UnderLawrenceRubin'stheory,

A、theGoldenGateBridgeisthebestplaceforsuicide.

B、theMackinacBridgeismuchsaferthantheGoldenGate.

C、theMackinacBridgeistoopeacefulforsuicides.

D、theMackinacBridgeisnotfrequentlyusedbythepublic.

標準答案：c

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據LawrenceRubin定位到第四段。其中解釋了麥基

諾大橋不像其他大橋那么吸引墜橋自殺者的原因，即想要自殺的人希望引起人們的

注意，但麥基諾大橋這兒太平靜了，故C項正確。

5、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefreeescortsprovidedbythebridge

authority?

A^Itdoesnogoodtothepeoplewithgephyrobiacs.

B>Ilicducestheexcileineiitofcrossingdiebridge.

C^Itmakesthebridgeasaferplacethanotherbridges.

D、Itiswell-intentionedbutmisusedbysomepeople.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：觀點態度題。根據freeescorts定位到第五段。其中講到，大橋官方

機構免費為害怕過橋的人提供護送隊，但是每年上百名大橋護送隊司機都會乘機利

用這項服務謀取私利，故D項與之相符。

Whenitcametomoral"reasoning,"weliketothinkourviewsonrightandwrongare

rational,butultimatelytheyarcgroundedinemotion.Philosophershavearguedoverthis

claimforaquarterofamillenniumwithoutresolution.Time'sup!Nowscientistsarmed

withbrainscannersaresteppingintosettlethematter.Thoughreasoncanshapemoral

judgment,emotionisoftendecisive.HarvardpsychologistJoshuaGreenedoesbrain

scansofpeopleastheypondertheso-calledtrolleyproblem.Supposeatrolleyisrolling

downthetracktowardfivepeoplewhowilldieunlessyoupullaleverthatdivertsitonto

anothertrack—where,unfortunately,liesonepersonwhowilldieinstead.Aneasycall,

mostpeoplesay:minimizingthelossoflife—a"utilitarian"goal,asphilosophersputit—

istherightthingtodo.Butsupposetheonlywaytosavethefivepeopleistopush

someoneelseontothetrack—abystanderwhosebodywillbringthetrolleytoahalt

beforeithitstheothers.It'sstillaone-for-fiveswap,andyoustillinitiatetheactionthat

doomstheone-butnowyouaremoredirectlyinvolved;mostpeoplesayitwouldbe

wrongtodothisdeal.Why?AccordingtoGreene'sbrainscans,thesecondscenariomore

thoroughlyexcitespartsofthebrainlinkedtoemotionthandoesthelever-pulling

scenario.Apparentlytheintuitiveaversiontogivingsomeoneadeadlypushisstronger

thantheaversiontoadeadlyleverpull,burtherstudiessuggestthatinbothcasesthe

emotionalaversioncompetesforcontrolwithmorerationalpartsofthebrain.Inthe

secondscenariotheemotionsareusuallystrongenoughtowin.Andwhentheylose,itis

onlyafteratoughwrestlingmatch.Thefewpeoplewhoapproveofpushinganinnocent

manontothetrackstakelongertoreachtheirdecision.Sotoowithpeoplewhoapprove

ofsmotheringacryingbabyratherthancatchingtheattentionofenemytroopswho

wouldthenkillthebabyalongwithotherinnocents.PrincetonphilosopherPeterSinger

arguesthatwcshouldrc-examincourmoralintuitionsandaskwhetherthatlogicmerits

respectinthefirstplace.Whyobeymoralimpulsesthatevolvedtoservethe"selfish

gene1'一suchassympathythatmovestowardkinandfriends?Whynotwonymoreabout

peopleanoceanawaywhosesufferingwccouldcheaplyalleviate?Isn'titbettertosave

10starvingAfricanbabiesthantokeepyour90-year-o^dfatheronlifesupport?Singer's

radicallyutilitarianbrandofmoralphilosophyhasitsworkcutoutforit.Intheabsence

ofarduouscranialwrestlingmatches,reasonmayindeedbe"slaveofthepassions."

6、FromthefirstIwoparagraphs,wecanlearnthat

A、moral"reasoning"isactuallybasedonreason,notonemotion.

B、philosophershaveresolvedthedilemmabetweenreasonandemotion.

C、emotionplaysamoreimportantrolethanreasoninmoraljudgment.

D、mostphilosopherspursuetheutilitariangoalinthetrolleyproblem.

標準答案：C

知識點腦析：推理判斷題。答案在第一、二段里。轉折信號詞though往往標志著

重要信息的出現，文中提到盡管理性可以形成道德判斷，但情感往往起著決定性作

用，故排除A選C項。

7、ThewordHswap"(Line3,Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto

A、change.

gamble.

C、exchange.

D、choice.

標準答案：c

知識點解析：詞義推斷題。此題還同時考查了考生對指代詞的理解和把握，It在該

句指代前一句所描述的情況，即犧牲旁觀者使電車停下以挽救另外5個人的性命，

故swap有交換的意思，選C項。

X、ItisstatedinParagraph4thatthosewhosupportpushingthebystandertostopthe

trolley

A、arebrutalandrelentless.

B、displaythesameemotionalaversion.

C、feelguiltyaboutdoingthat.

D、havestruggledtomakethedecision.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：事實細節題。第四段提到支持將旁觀者推人軌道的人要花更長的時間

做決定，故選D項。

9、PeterSingerseemstosuggestthat

A、weshouldcastawayourlogicandrespectemotioninthefirstplace.

B、weshouldnotonlyconcernaboutourselvesbutstarthelpeachother.

C、peoplewholiveinabundanceshouldgiveahandtothoseinpoverty.

D、weshouldcutofflifesupportfortheoldtoachievetheutilitariangoals.

標準答案：c

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據PeterSinger定位到第五段。彼得?辛格提出的一連

審反問強調了處于強勢地位的人們因注意在做道德判斷時不被情感奴役，避免私

心，從而能夠幫助更多的弱勢群體，故選C項。

10、Thetextintendstotellusthat

A、emotionplaysthedecisiverolewhenwemakemoraljudgment.

thestrugglebetweenreasonandemotionisanantiquetopic.

C>wcalwaysstruggletomakelifeanddeathdecisionsinourlife.

D、emotionismoreimportantandinfluentialinourlifethanisreason.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：主旨大意題。主旨大意一般出現在文章的開頭或者結尾處，該篇文章

開門見山講明情感在道德判斷中起決定性作用，故選A項。

Thosedaysarelonggonewhenplacingatelephonecallmeantsimplypickingupthe

receiverandaskingtheoperatortopatchyouthrough.Moderncellphonesrequireusers

tonavigateaseriesofmenustofindnumbers,placecallsorcheckmessages.Eventhe

mosttech-savvymaytakeweekstodiscoversomeofthemoremysteriousmultimedia

functions.Imaginethedifficultyforsomeoneunabletoread.Thatisthechallengefor

mobilecommunicationscompaniesaimingtobranchoutintodevelopingcountries.The

prospectsseenfromthelastdecadearcalluring:onlyaboutonetenthofIndia's

populationusecellphones.Butsellingtopoorruralareasisnotlikelytohappenwitha

marketingversionof"plugandplay."Mostpotentialbuyershavelittleexposureto

anythingotherthansimpleelectronics.Readingthroughaseriesofhierarchicalmenus

andpushingbuttonsformultiplepurposeswouldbenewconceptsforsuchcustomers.To

comeupwithasuitabledevice,Motorolareliedonateamofanthropologists,

psychologistsanddesignerstostudyhowtextuallyilliteratevillagersusetheiraging

televisions,tapeplayersandphones.Theresearchersnoticedthattheirsubjectswould

learneachbutton'sdedicatedfunction.Withsomethingmorecomplicated,suchasan

automatedtellermachine,userswouldmemorizeasetofbehaviorsinorder,which

allowedthemtomovethroughthemachine'sbasichierarchywithouthavingtoreadthe

menu.Theresearch,whichlastedthreeyears,ledMotorolatocraftacellularphone

slimmeddowntothreeessentialactivities:calling,managingnumbersandsimpletext

messaging.HAlotofthefunctionsinacellphonearenotusefultoanyone,"pointsout

GabrielWhite,whoheadedtheinteractivedesignteam.Theicon-basedinterfacealso

requiredthought.Notallcellphonecompaniesbelievethatadesignfornonliterateusers

shouldstartfromscratch.Nokia'sbehavioralresearchersnoticedthat"newbies"relyon

friendsandrelativestohelpthemwithbasicfunctions.Ratherthanconfrontingthe

challengeofacompletelynewinterface,Nokiachosetoprovidesomeaudiomenusinits

popular1100modelandapreviewmodesothatpeoplecouldtryoutfunctionswithout

theriskofchanginganythingimportant.Mobilephonesmayevenbecometoolsfor

literacy,predictsBJFogg,whostudiescomputer-humaninteractionatStanford

University.Phonesmightteachthealphabetortellastoryasusersreadalong."Imagine

ifiteventuallycouldunderstandyourweakpointsanddrillyouonthose,"Fogg

proposes.Andsoonenough,hedeclares,designsorilliterateuserswillleadtomore

straightforward,elegantphonesforeveryone.

11、Thedifferencebetweenmodemcellphonesandoldphonesliesinthat

A、itrequiresmoreintelligenceandeducationtousemodemcellphones.

B、ittakesmoreweekstogetfamiliarwithmodemcellphones.

C>modemcellphonesaremorecomplicatedwithmanyfunctions.

D、modemcellphonesaremoremysterioustoolsforpeople.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題。答案在第一段鋪該段主要就是介紹了過去的老式電話和

現代手機使用方式上的不同，突出了現代手機紛繁復雜的功能及其對用戶造成的困

擾，故選C項。

12、Thesalesofmobilephonestopoorruralareasmaybeimpossibleprobablybecause

mostpotentialbuyers

A、havedifficultywithmenusofmultiplepurposes.

B、cannotacceptnewconceptsofmobilephones.

C、onlyreadmenusandpushbuttonsofsimpleelectronics.

D、donotlikethemarketingstrategyof"plugandplay".

標準答案：A

知識點解析：事實細節題，考查因果細節及轉折細節。根據poorruralareas定位到

第二段，段中But信號詞提示新信息出現的地方，這段內容提到一些營銷策略在貧

困的農村地區行不通，因為那里的大多數潛在買家沒有接觸過復雜的電子產品，也

就無法理解復雜菜單和按鈕操作，故選A項。

13、TheresearchesheldbyMotorolashowedthatthetextuallyilliteratevillagers

A、werewillingtouseoldmachineswithlittlefunctions.

B、hadtotakesomelessonstolearnthenewfunctions.

C^couldrememberthemajorfunctionofeachbutton.

D、wouldavoidreadingthehierarchymenusofthemachine.

標準答案：D'

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據Motorola定位到第三段。文中提到不識字的鄉下

人在遇到使用復雜電器的情況時，往往按部就班記下操作流程而不看具體操作流

程，故選D項。

14、Theslangtermof"newbies"(Line2,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans

A^newstudents.

B、newcomers.

C、newborns.

D、newwebs.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：詞義推斷題。原文該處提到是在親人朋友的幫助下學會基本操作，由

此可推斷newbies有“新手”之義，B項正確。

15、Foggbelievesthatthefuturemobilephonescouldnot

A、teachilliteratestolearnalphabets.

B、understandtheuser'sideasandpoints.

C^helpusersexercisetheirlanguages.

D、becomemoredirectandelegant.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：觀點態度題。B項中談到手機能了解人的想法，而文中提到的則是手

機能了解人的閱讀弱點，顯然B項張冠李戴了。

Themoneyisthere.Sowhyisitnotbeingspent?Thatisthebigpuzzleabouttherich

world'seffortstoimprovehealthinpoorcountries.InJunetheleadersoftheG8

promisedupto$8billiontotheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TuberculosisandMalaria,

anumbrellagroupcoordinatinghealthaid.TheGlobalFundcloseditslatestroundof

fundingapplicationsthisweekbutmuchofthemoneycommittedremainsunused.

Officialsatthefundinsistthatallisfine:disbursementsalwayslagcommitmentsand

moneycanbereleasedonlyifitwillbespenteffectively.ButexpertssuchasJoseph

DwyerofManagementSciencesforHealthsaythatthepitifulstateofpoorcountries'

healthservicesisthemainreasonforthegapbetweenwhatispromisedandwhatis

spent.JulianSchweitzeroftheWorldBanksaysthatphysicalandhumanshortagesin

localhealthservicesrepresent"ahugebottlenecktoaid'1.Nowtheaideffortsmaybe

makingthingsworse.JordanKassalowoftheScojoFoundation,anAmericancharity,

observesthatrichsingle-issueoutfitstendtodivertthebestmedicaltalenttotrendy

causesandawayfrombasicmedicineagainstdiarrhoeaandrespiratoryinfections一(he

chiefkillersofchildren.LaurieGarrettof(heCouncilonForeignRelationshasa

differentworry:thoseanti-coiTuptioneffortshavepusheddonorsintoanobsessionwith

oftenmeaninglessshort-termtargets.Theresultisanever-endingstreamofdocuments

andmeetings.Asharpfocusonprocessandtargetsordainedfromonhighmakesit

hardertobeflexibleandinnovativeortotakeadvantageofenterprisinglocals.Inpoor

countries,lamentsMsGarrett,"wcalmostspitontheprivatesector."Butitistheprivate

sectorthatmayofferthemostpracticalchanceofprogress.Fedupwiththecostsofan

unhealthyworkforce,manybiglocalandmultinationalfirmsinAfricaandAsiaarenow

offeringtheirowninnovativehealthschemes.Thesestartedassimpleanti-AIDSefforts

atminingfirmssuchasAngloAmerican.Nowtheyhavespread.HSBC,aLondon-based

internationalbank,recentlystartedaschemetoimproveitssuppliers'andcustomers'

health.Intraining,too,private-seetorandvoluntaryeffortsmayworkbetterthanofficial

programmes.TheInternationalCentreforEqualHealthcareAccesshastrainedthousands

oflocalhealth-careworkersinSouth-EastAsia.Kenya'sHealthStoreFoundationhas

helpednursesandcommunityhealthworkerssetupdozensoffor-profitclinicsthatreach

patientsgovernmentclinicsdon't.Suchideasmayyettransformtheworld'smost

dilapidatedhealthsystemsintobetterandmorefar-reachingones—ifonlythecurrent

waveoftop-downspendingdoesnotdrownthemout.

16、Accordingtosomeexperts,GlobalFunddelaysthedisbursementsbecause

thereremainsahugegapbetweenwhatispromisedandwhatisspent.

BNthe$8billioncan'tbereleaseduntilitwillbespenteffectively.

C、thesituationofhealth-careinpoorcountriespresentsatoughbarrier.

D^thephysicalconditionoflocalpeopleimposesabottlenecktoaid.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題，考查因果細節。根據Global